DE102004002338A1 - Motor vehicle, has refrigerating plant driven by electric current that is generated by fuel cell when liquid hydrogen is supplied to cell, where part of cryogenic agent in condenser or evaporator of plant heats/cools hydrogen in Kryo tank - Google Patents

Motor vehicle, has refrigerating plant driven by electric current that is generated by fuel cell when liquid hydrogen is supplied to cell, where part of cryogenic agent in condenser or evaporator of plant heats/cools hydrogen in Kryo tank Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102004002338A1
DE102004002338A1 DE102004002338A DE102004002338A DE102004002338A1 DE 102004002338 A1 DE102004002338 A1 DE 102004002338A1 DE 102004002338 A DE102004002338 A DE 102004002338A DE 102004002338 A DE102004002338 A DE 102004002338A DE 102004002338 A1 DE102004002338 A1 DE 102004002338A1
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Germany
Prior art keywords
motor vehicle
hydrogen
gas
fuel cell
tank
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DE102004002338A
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German (de)
Inventor
Werner Lechner
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Priority to DE102004002338A priority Critical patent/DE102004002338A1/en
Publication of DE102004002338A1 publication Critical patent/DE102004002338A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F17C7/02—Discharging liquefied gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/065—Fluid distribution for refueling vehicle fuel tanks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Abstract

The vehicle has a Kryo tank (1) for storing liquid hydrogen, and a high pressure valve (2) to supply the hydrogen to a fuel cell (4). The cell generates electric current for propelling an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle. A refrigerating plant (5) is driven by the electric current. A part of a cryogenic agent in a condenser or evaporator of the plant cools or heats the hydrogen in the tank.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Druckbehälter, insbesondere einem Kryotank, zur Speicherung von kondensiertem Gas, zur Versorgung einer das Kraftfahrzeug antreibenden Brennkraftmaschine, nach dem Oberbegriff des ersten Anspruchs.The The invention relates to a motor vehicle with a pressure vessel, in particular a cryogenic tank, for storage of condensed gas, for supply an internal combustion engine driving the motor vehicle, according to Generic term of the first claim.

Es ist bereits bekannt, Kraftfahrzeuge mit kondensiertem Gas, zum Beispiel mit Wasserstoff oder Erdgas, anzutreiben. Zu dessen verflüssigter Speicherung sind spezielle Druckbehälter notwendig, die aufgrund der tiefen Speichertemperaturen eine sehr gute Isolation besitzen sollten. Dabei ist bekannt, zur Vermeidung von Wärmeeintrag aus der Umgebung doppelwandige, vakuumisolierte Behälter zu verwenden. Zur weiteren Verbesserung der Isolationseigenschaften ist bekannt, in den evakuierten Zwischenraum zusätzlich Isolationsfolien oder Mikrohohlglaskugeln einzubringen. Trotzdem verdampft durch Wärmeeintrag in den Druckbehälter praktisch kontinuierlich eine geringe Menge von flüssigem Kraftstoff, wobei sich das sog. boil-off-Gas bildet. Insbesondere wenn kein Verbraucher für den Kraftstoff in Betrieb ist, d.h. insbesondere dann, wenn die Brennkraftmaschine außer Betrieb ist; steigt als Folge hiervon der Behälter-Innendruck an. Aus Sicherheitsgründen muss dieser Druck durch Öffnen von Ventilen begrenzt werden. Im allgemeinen wird dabei das boil-off-Gas über Abblaseleitungen, in denen die besagten Ventile vorgesehen sind, in die Umgebung abgegeben.It is already known, motor vehicles with condensed gas, for example with hydrogen or natural gas, to power. To its liquefied storage are special pressure vessels necessary, which due to the deep storage temperatures a very should have good isolation. It is known to avoid of heat input from the environment double-walled, vacuum-insulated container too use. To further improve the insulation properties is known in the evacuated space in addition insulation films or To introduce micro hollow glass balls. Nevertheless evaporated by heat input in the pressure vessel practically a small amount of liquid fuel, where the so-called boil-off gas forms. In particular, if no consumer for the fuel in operation is, i. especially when the internal combustion engine out of service is; As a result, the tank internal pressure rises. For security reasons must this pressure by opening be limited by valves. In general, the boil-off gas is blown off via blow-off lines, in which the said valves are provided, discharged into the environment.

Die DE 102 02 172 A1 beschreibt die Entsorgung des boil-off-Gases durch dessen Verwendung als Treibstoff für ein Antriebsaggregat, insbesondere eine Brennkraftmaschine. Das Antriebsaggregat wird dazu, abhängig vom Druckniveau im Tank, in Betrieb genommen, auch wenn vom Antriebsaggregat keine Antriebsleistung umgesetzt werden kann.The DE 102 02 172 A1 describes the disposal of the boil-off gas by its use as fuel for a drive unit, in particular an internal combustion engine. The drive unit is, depending on the pressure level in the tank, put into operation, even if no drive power can be implemented by the drive unit.

Grundsätzlich ist die Verbrennung des boil-off-Gases, wozu auch zum Beispiel dessen katalytische Oxidation zählt, genauso wie das einfache Abblasen des (brennbaren) boil-off-Gases in die Umgebung ungünstig, da dadurch Energie vernichtet wird, wenn mit dieser, zum notwendigen Zeitpunkt für die Senkung des Druckniveaus im Tank, keine Arbeit verrichtet werden kann.Basically the combustion of the boil-off gas, including for example its catalytic oxidation counts, as well as the simple blowing off of the (combustible) boil-off gas unfavorable to the environment, because this energy is destroyed, if with this, to the necessary Time for the Lowering the pressure level in the tank, no work to be done can.

Eine Abhilfemaßnahme für diese geschilderte Problematik aufzuzeigen, ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung. Vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen sind Inhalt der Unteransprüche.A Countermeasure for this To illustrate the problem described is the task of the present Invention. Advantageous training and further education are content of Dependent claims.

Nach der Erfindung ist ein Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Druckbehälter, insbesondere einem Kryotank, zur Speicherung von kondensiertem Gas, zur Versorgung einer das Kraftfahrzeug antreibenden Brennkraftmaschine, des weiteren mit einer Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von boil-off-Gas aus dem Druckbehälter und mit einer Kälteanlage mit einem Kältemittelkreislauf, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kälteanlage zumindest anteilig mit boil-off-Gas betrieben wird.To The invention is a motor vehicle with a pressure vessel, in particular a cryogenic tank, for storage of condensed gas, for supply a motor vehicle driving the internal combustion engine, further with a device for removing boil-off gas from the pressure vessel and with a refrigeration system with a refrigerant circuit, characterized in that the refrigeration system at least proportionally with boil-off gas is operated.

Das hat den Vorteil, dass der Energieinhalt des boil-off-Gases genutzt wird, was die Energiebilanz des Kraftfahrzeugs verbessert.The has the advantage of using the energy content of the boil-off gas which improves the energy balance of the motor vehicle.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung wird mindestens ein Teil des Kältemittels zur Kühlung des kondensierten Gases im Druckbehälter verwendet. Und zwar entweder durch direkte Kühlung des kondensierten Gases oder indirekt durch Kühlung des Druckbehälters.at a preferred embodiment the invention is at least a portion of the refrigerant for cooling the condensed gas used in the pressure vessel. This is done either by direct cooling of the condensed gas or indirectly by cooling of the pressure vessel.

Dadurch wird dem Druckbehälter Wärme entzogen, was zu einer vorteilhaften Reduzierung der Boil-off-Gase führt.Thereby becomes the pressure vessel Heat withdrawn, which leads to an advantageous reduction of boil-off gases.

Wenn die Kälteanlage eine Kompressor-Kälteanlage ist, kann zu deren Betreiben vorteilhafterweise von einer Brennstoffzelle erzeugter elektrischer Strom verwendet werden, wobei die Brennstoffzelle dann zumindest anteilig mit boil-off-Gas betrieben werden kann.If the refrigeration system a compressor refrigeration system may be to operate them advantageously of a fuel cell generated electric power can be used, wherein the fuel cell then at least proportionally with boil-off gas can be operated.

Alternativ kann die Kälteanlage eine Absorber-Kälteanlage sein, die direkt, zumindest anteilig, mit boil-off-Gas betrieben wird.alternative can the refrigeration system an absorber refrigeration system be operated directly, at least proportionally, with boil-off gas becomes.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Ausführung der Erfindung wird mindestens ein Teil des Kältemittels über einen Kondensator zur Erwärmung des kondensierten Gases im Druckbehälter verwendet.at an advantageous embodiment the invention, at least a portion of the refrigerant via a condenser for heating the condensed gas in the pressure vessel used.

Vorteilhafterweise bietet sich dadurch die Möglichkeit, die selbe Anordnung bei Bedarf für einen gezielten Druckaufbau, beziehungsweise für eine Unterstützung des vorhandenen Druckaufbausystems im Druckbehälter zu nutzen, indem der Kreisprozess der Kälteanlage entgegengesetzt durchlaufen und dem kondensierten Gas Wärme zugeführt wird. Das Druckaufbausystem ist für die Versorgung des Antriebsaggregats mit kondensiertem Gas notwendig. Beispielsweise kann dies bei kalten Umgebungsbedingungen das Startverhalten verbessern, denn in diesem Fall besteht im allgemeinen die Schwierigkeit, entsprechend viel Wärme für den Druckaufbau im Druckbehälter, sowie für die Konditionierung des Kraftstoffs bereitzustellen.advantageously, offers the opportunity the same arrangement as needed for a targeted pressure build-up, or for a support of the use existing pressure build-up system in the pressure vessel by the cyclic process the refrigeration system to go through opposite and heat is supplied to the condensed gas. The pressure buildup system is for the supply of the drive unit with condensed gas necessary. For example, this can be the starting behavior in cold ambient conditions in this case there is a general difficulty in correspondingly much heat for the pressure build-up in the pressure vessel, also for to provide the conditioning of the fuel.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungen der Erfindung sind dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil des Kältemittels, insbesondere über Verdampfer beziehungsweise Kondensatoren, zur Klimatisierung beziehungsweise Erwärmung eines Fahrzeuginnenraums verwendet werden.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in that at least a portion of the refrigerant, in particular via evaporators or condensers, are used for air conditioning or heating of a vehicle interior.

So kann das Boil-off-Gas auch noch zur Versorgung von weiteren Energieverbrauchern vorteilhaft genutzt werden, was die Gesamt-Energiebilanz des Kraftfahrzeugs verbessert, wobei dies, sowie eine Vielzahl weiterer Details, durchaus abweichend von obigen Erläuterungen gestaltet sein kann, ohne den Inhalt der Patentansprüche zu verlassen.So Boil-off gas can also supply other energy consumers be used advantageously what the overall energy balance of the motor vehicle This, as well as a host of other details, certainly improves deviating from the above explanations may be designed without departing from the content of the claims.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels weiter erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt, symbolisch dargestellt, ein Beispiel eines Flüssigwasserstoffspeichers mit Brennstoffzelle, zum Betreiben einer Kühlmaschine.in the The following is the invention with reference to a preferred embodiment further explained. The single figure shows, symbolically represented, an example of a Liquid hydrogen storage with fuel cell, to operate a refrigerating machine.

In einem nicht gezeichneten Kraftfahrzeug ist ein Kryotank 1 zur Speicherung von Flüssigwasserstoff LH2 eingebaut. Dieser dient als Kraftstoff zur Versorgung einer das Kraftfahrzeug antreibenden, nicht gezeichneten, Brennkraftmaschine. Am Kryotank 1 ist eine Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von boil-off-Gas aus dem Kryotank 1, ausgebildet als Überdruckventil 2, installiert, das über eine Zuleitung 3 mit einer Brennstoffzelle 4 zu deren Versorgung mit Wasserstoff verbunden ist. Die Brennstoffzelle 4 erzeugt elektrischen Strom, der zum Antrieb einer Kompressor-Kälteanlage 5 mit einem Kältemittelkreislauf 6 verwendet wird. Das Kältemittel kühlt den Flüssigwasserstoff LH2 im Kryotank 1. Symbolisch gezeichnet ist dies durch den Pfeil 7, der die vom Flüssigwasserstoff LH2 an das Kältemittel übergehende Wärmemenge Q darstellen soll, während die aus der Umgebung in den Kryotank 1 übertragene Wärmemenge Q durch den Pfeil 8 symbolisch dargestellt ist.In a not shown motor vehicle is a cryotank 1 for storage of liquid hydrogen LH2 installed. This serves as a fuel for the supply of a motor vehicle driving, not shown, internal combustion engine. At the cryogenic tank 1 is a device for removing boil-off gas from the cryotank 1 , designed as a pressure relief valve 2 , installed, via a supply line 3 with a fuel cell 4 is connected to the supply of hydrogen. The fuel cell 4 generates electricity that is used to drive a compressor refrigeration system 5 with a refrigerant circuit 6 is used. The refrigerant cools the liquid hydrogen LH2 in the cryotank 1 , This is symbolically drawn by the arrow 7 which is intended to represent the quantity of heat Q passing from the liquid hydrogen LH2 to the refrigerant, while that from the environment into the cryotank 1 transmitted amount of heat Q by the arrow 8th is shown symbolically.

Claims (6)

Kraftfahrzeug mit einem Druckbehälter, insbesondere einem Kryotank (1), zur Speicherung von kondensiertem Gas, zur Versorgung einer das Kraftfahrzeug antreibenden Brennkraftmaschine, des weiteren mit einer Vorrichtung zum Entfernen von boil-off-Gas aus dem Druckbehälter und mit einer Kälteanlage mit einem Kältemittelkreislauf (6), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kälteanlage zumindest anteilig mit boil-off-Gas betrieben wird.Motor vehicle with a pressure vessel, in particular a cryogenic tank ( 1 ), for storing condensed gas, for supplying an internal combustion engine driving the motor vehicle, further comprising a device for removing boil-off gas from the pressure vessel and with a refrigeration system with a refrigerant circuit ( 6 ), characterized in that the refrigeration system is at least partially operated with boil-off gas. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil des Kältemittels zur Kühlung des kondensierten Gases im Druckbehälter verwendet wird.Motor vehicle according to claim 1, characterized in that that at least part of the refrigerant for cooling the condensed gas is used in the pressure vessel. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kälteanlage eine Kompressor-Kälteanlage (5) ist, zu deren Betreiben von einer Brennstoffzelle (4) erzeugter elektrischer Strom verwendet wird, wobei die Brennstoffzelle (4) zumindest anteilig mit boil-off-Gas betrieben wird.Motor vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the refrigeration system is a compressor refrigeration system ( 5 ), for the operation of a fuel cell ( 4 ) is used, wherein the fuel cell ( 4 ) is operated at least proportionally with boil-off gas. Kraftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kälteanlage eine Absorber-Kälteanlage ist, die zumindest anteilig mit boil-off-Gas betrieben wird.Motor vehicle according to claim 1 or 2, characterized that the refrigeration system an absorber refrigeration system is at least proportionately operated with boil-off gas. Kraftfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil des Kältemittels über einen Kondensator zur Erwärmung des kondensierten Gases im Druckbehälter verwendet wird.Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least a portion of the refrigerant via a Condenser for heating the condensed gas is used in the pressure vessel. Kraftfahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein Teil des Kältemittels, insbesondere über Verdampfer beziehungsweise Kondensatoren, zur Klimatisierung beziehungsweise Erwärmung eines Fahrzeuginnenraums verwendet werden.Motor vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least a portion of the refrigerant, especially about Evaporator or condensers, for air conditioning or warming a vehicle interior are used.
DE102004002338A 2004-01-16 2004-01-16 Motor vehicle, has refrigerating plant driven by electric current that is generated by fuel cell when liquid hydrogen is supplied to cell, where part of cryogenic agent in condenser or evaporator of plant heats/cools hydrogen in Kryo tank Withdrawn DE102004002338A1 (en)

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DE102004002338A DE102004002338A1 (en) 2004-01-16 2004-01-16 Motor vehicle, has refrigerating plant driven by electric current that is generated by fuel cell when liquid hydrogen is supplied to cell, where part of cryogenic agent in condenser or evaporator of plant heats/cools hydrogen in Kryo tank

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DE102004002338A DE102004002338A1 (en) 2004-01-16 2004-01-16 Motor vehicle, has refrigerating plant driven by electric current that is generated by fuel cell when liquid hydrogen is supplied to cell, where part of cryogenic agent in condenser or evaporator of plant heats/cools hydrogen in Kryo tank

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014220146A1 (en) * 2014-10-06 2016-04-07 Continental Automotive Gmbh Fuel supply device for a liquefied gas fueled vehicle, air conditioning system, method of operating a fuel supply device and computer program product

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102014220146A1 (en) * 2014-10-06 2016-04-07 Continental Automotive Gmbh Fuel supply device for a liquefied gas fueled vehicle, air conditioning system, method of operating a fuel supply device and computer program product

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