DE10031420C2 - Window with ventilation device - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a window with ventilation device, consisting of a Window frame, which can be formed from a frame and a casement can, wherein in the window frame can be driven by means of a drive motor Ventilation device is provided, which drive motor by a solar cell comprehensive energy source is operated.

Such a window with a ventilation device is already known from EP 0942143 A1 known. As is correctly stated in the document, windows, French doors or similar devices provide adequate thermal protection. It should prevent cold outside air from entering an interior of a building. On the other hand, there should also be an exchange of air between the windows be possible inside and outside, so pollutants and odors, as well as moisture can be transported away. To ensure heat transfer through a window from the warm room air to cold outside air (in winter) and vice versa (in summer) to reduce, multiple glazing are mostly used nowadays. By two or more spaced a few millimeters apart Panes of glass and an air layer between them results in a high Thermal insulation.

Modern windows made of frame material such as glass, wood, metal and / or plastic  can be manufactured so precisely that the joints and folds of the window natural air exchange is often inadequate. Because this minor Air exchange, on the other hand, reduces heat loss to the outside in winter, residents tend to have too little fresh air in their homes to save energy Introduce rooms. This creates excess moisture in many buildings, which can lead to structural damage and damage to health. The mentioned limited Ventilation behavior of the residents as well as frequent absences in the modern Everyday working conditions encourage this over-humidification of the premises.

In the European patent mentioned at the outset, the natural air flow through the joints between the wall and window frame that are uncontrolled or not defined, considered disadvantageous, and therefore the European patent proposes a so-called mechanical or mechanical ventilation, which usually through a motor-driven fan is formed. Such machine Ventilation devices require connection to a to operate the fan Energy source. First of all there are electrical outgoing from the window Lines to a power source necessary if an electric motor to drive the Fan is used. The European patent specification considers this to be disadvantageous and therefore proposes a self-sufficient unit, namely a window with ventilation devices and integrated energy source using environmentally friendly energy shall be. The simplest solution is a solar cell, i.e. one Photovoltaic cell converting solar energy into electrical energy it is proposed that this on the outer surfaces of the window frame (frame or Sash frame) to be provided, the fan for sufficient supply it requires photovoltaic cells either partially or completely on the To arrange the outer surface of the frame or casement.

However, this has disadvantages because the photovoltaic cells are flat, but nevertheless increase the thickness of the frame or sash when installing.

Alternatively, it is proposed that the photovoltaic cells on reveal elements of the install the window bearing wall or in a cover frame area. at  Roof windows are proposed, the photovoltaic cells also in the Integrate roof area. In all of these cases it is clear that one is proportionate large area is necessary to get the necessary energy for the fan obtain. In order to bridge the times without solar energy, it is proposed to use hydrogen obtained by solar energy as an energy store, the then then into a fuel cell to generate drive energy for the Drive motor reused by burning the hydrogen obtained becomes. The disadvantage of such systems is, however, the complicated and maintenance-intensive construction.

Alternatively, one is used as an energy store in the hollow profile of the window frame mentioned rechargeable battery to be introduced. As examples called accumulators based on silicon ions, which have a flat design. However, it can be anticipated that relatively large batteries or Relatively many batteries need to be provided in order to get the necessary ones Ensure drive energy for the fan over a longer period of time.

The main disadvantages of the arrangement described above thus arise due to the fan drive with its high energy requirement, which is too large Solar cell arrangements leads to constant maintenance (removal of dirt, Elimination of damage and the like. Furthermore, for Battery operation a complex battery arrangement may be necessary.

The object of the invention is to improve the known arrangement in that that the energy requirement for the ventilation process is drastically reduced and thereby the problems described above no longer occur.

The problem is solved in that the one driving a ventilation device Drive motor is a motor that operates the ventilation device, and that the Air movement itself occurs through natural draft.

Such a motor only needs operating energy for a very short time, namely only for the  Operation of opening or closing the ventilation device. This reduces the energy requirement drastically, since the air movement itself takes place through natural draft, and no longer due to the forced draft of the fan.

As a result of the very low energy requirement, it is sufficient if only one Solar cell is provided, which according to a particularly advantageous manner Development of the invention between two disks of the usual Multiple glazing of modern windows can be arranged, making them well protected against dirt and mechanical damage is. Soiling on the window is occasional anyway eliminated by window cleaning, so that no special measures for the Cleaning the solar cell are necessary.

Since the energy requirement also remains low in times without sun exposure, is also the capacity requirement for the energy storage is low, so that a relative small accumulator assembly that is easily accommodated in the frame can be sufficient.

In contrast to a fan motor, the one that actuates the ventilation device Motor, which can preferably be a servo or servo motor, remain relatively small can, it is possible to use the servo or servomotor together with an elongated To accommodate ventilation element in a spar of the frame, the lower or upper horizontal spar of the frame is particularly cheap.

The invention is particularly suitable for frames made of wood, because there by a Milled or grooved the appropriate place to hold one or the Ventilation element and the servo or servomotor without special tools can be created. The control of the servo or servomotor can be done remotely take place, be time-controlled, or take place from a central office. Very cheap but it is when the servo or servo motor uses a moisture sensor is controlled, preferably outside the area of the ventilation element is arranged in or on an adjacent vertical spar. Through this  The arrangement results in a regulated, independent of the preferences of the residents Removal of the moist indoor air depending on the actual Moisture content. It comes with only manually operated ventilation systems on the other hand, to the conscious act of the resident, who, however, as already executed, may not be present, or for other reasons ventilation waived or simply forgets them.

The sensor-controlled forced ventilation and thus forced dehumidification the mold formation associated with over-humidification of the rooms and unhealthy climate safely prevented.

The arrangement according to the invention has the special charm that it is in on the Market arrangements can be integrated without major problems. So lets the manual operation provided there in a known ventilation system an electric servo or servomotor controlled by a humidity sensor replace, so as to achieve the arrangement according to the invention. With this especially advantageous ventilation device is an elongated arrangement, which consists of two manually movable grid or perforated plates, the holes of the two grids through in one displacement position Intermediate webs are closed while in the other position they face each other align and release the air passage.

According to a development of the invention, the servo or servomotor is one assigned electronic threshold switch, which has an integrator circuit with communicates with the sensor. This represents a particularly simple and compact Control device that also consumes little electricity.

According to yet another embodiment of the invention, the Threshold switch setting elements for the threshold value, which enable For example, set the two values at which the ventilation is opened and is closed. For example, at a relative humidity of 70%, the Response level should be provided for opening the ventilation. The humid indoor air  can then through the open ventilation grille through channels in the frame flow into the outside air or get air from outside to inside. At a If the humidity drops below 65%, the other threshold could then be used be arranged so that then the servo or servomotor the switching command to Closes the ventilation grille.

A two-way switch via limit switches is electromechanical Proven ventilation grille.

When opening windows, it is convenient to arrange the setting elements so that they z. B. only with the window open and optimally only with special tools or only after Expansion are accessible.

In order to reduce the effort involved in connecting cables, it is advantageous if the Solar cell arranged in a window corner near the servo or servomotor becomes. There they are least disturbed by the view through the window arrangement.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments, which are shown in the drawings.

It shows:

Figure 1 in a view from the inside of a casement window with schematically indicated parts of the ventilation device according to the invention.

Figure 2 is a perspective view, sectioned, a conventional wooden window with a frame and casement and arranged in the casement manually operated ventilation bar.

. FIG. 3 is arranged in a plan view in the window of Figure 2 Ventilation strip;

Fig. 4 shows the block diagram which can be used according to the invention of an electric circuit; and

Fig. 5 is a somewhat more detailed representation of the electrical device of the ventilation device according to the invention.

It should be received first to FIG. 2, showing a conventional window 10 having a window frame 12, which consists of a frame 14 and a sash frame 16. The window comprises a multiple glazing, consisting here of two glass panes 20 , 22 , which have a distance 18 between them, which is filled with air and thus represents good insulation against heat loss. In the lower cross member 24 , a longitudinal groove is provided, which can either be arranged there from the outset or milled in later and bears the reference number 26 . A metal profile 28 with a U-shaped cross section is pressed into this groove 26 and has numerous openings 30 lying next to one another on its U-web. Within the U-profile 28 , a second U-profile 32 is mounted so as to be longitudinally displaceable, which has corresponding openings which are aligned with the openings 30 of the outer profile 28 in a position of longitudinal displacement and thereby establish an air flow connection. However, if the inner profile is displaced (for example by a rotary movement of the button 34 ) by the width of the opening 30 , the openings 30 are closed by the intermediate webs between the openings of the profile rail 32 and the flow connection is interrupted.

This is the closed position of the ventilation grille thus formed.

The interior of the groove 26 , which can be separated from the space to be ventilated on the inside of the window by the ventilation grille 36, is connected in a suitable manner to the outside air of the outside of the window, here by means of a first milled horizontal slot 38 and a subsequent vertical slot 40 which is open at the bottom, which prevents the ingress of driving rain.

While in the ventilation grille according to FIG. 2, the adjusting knob 34 is arranged on the right, in accordance with the arrangement Fig. 3 to the left can be seen.

In the arrangement according to the invention according to FIG. 1, the adjusting knob for manual adjustment of the grating 34 is replaced by a servo or servomotor 40 , which provides for the displacement of the inner profile 32 with respect to the outer profile 28 via a gearwheel, worm gear or lever linkage and thus with a partial revolution or with a few revolutions of its shaft closes or opens the ventilation grille 36 .

The position of the grille can be detected by limit switches, either from Motor carried, or from the ventilation grille.

Since the force to be applied by the servo or servomotor is relatively small, a relatively small motor is sufficient, which in the manner indicated in the material of the Window spars can be accommodated. There is only a corresponding one mill additional opening.

A nearby solar cell 42 , which is accommodated between the window panes 20 , 22 , serves for the energy supply for the servo or servomotor 40 . Since the power consumption of the servo or servomotor 40 is small, a relatively small solar cell is sufficient, so that the accommodation between the glass panes disturbs the view only slightly, especially since it is housed in the corner area of the window.

So that the control by the servo or servomotor 40 also works when it is night or the light energy received from the solar cell is not sufficient, a buffer battery 44 is provided at a suitable location, the location should be such that the backup battery or accumulator can be replaced occasionally. For this purpose, the crossbar arrangement having the window lock is provided, which anyway has to be serviced occasionally.

A moisture sensor 46 , which is preferably arranged outside the area of the ventilation element, in this case in a vertical spar adjacent to the ventilation element, is used to control the servo or servomotor.

It has proven to be advantageous to provide a threshold switch 48 between the actuator or servo motor and the moisture sensor 46 , which operates electronically and closes the grille at a lower threshold value of, for example, 65% relative air humidity, and at an upper threshold value of, for example, 75% relative Humidity causes the servo or servomotor to open the grille again.

This functional arrangement is shown again as a block circuit diagram in FIG. 4. FIG. 5 shows larger details of the electronic circuit of FIG. 4, consisting in turn of the solar cell 42 , which is connected in parallel or downstream of the buffer battery, one pole of which is connected to ground (frame metal) and the other pole of which is connected to a switching strip 50 . From there, the various electronic components, such as rectangular generator 52 , moisture sensor 46 , integrator 54 , Schmitt trigger 56 , discriminator 58 , switching stage 60 and servomotor 40 are supplied with electrical energy. Rectangle signals generated by the square-wave generator 42 are fed via a setting potentiometer 62 to a bridge circuit within the moisture sensor 46 , the resistance of a bridge element changing as a result of moisture and thereby bringing the bridge into imbalance. This imbalance leads to an output square-wave signal which is smoothed in an integrator element consisting of a resistor and a capacitor, which smoothed signal has a height which depends on the moisture which is determined by the moisture sensor. A Schmitt trigger 56 switches over when a certain upper or lower voltage is exceeded or undershot. A discriminator, consisting of a diode and a capacitor, which scans the signal of the Schmitt trigger, determines the state of the Schmitt trigger and switches the switching stage 60 accordingly. This switching stage conducts current from the solar cell or the backup battery to the motor 40 or breaks this line. If the 70% level of humidity is reached, for example, the Schmitt trigger switches to a value which leads to the switching stage being switched on and causing the motor to open the grating 28 . If, on the other hand, the humidity falls below, for example, 65%, the Schmitt trigger senses this again and the switching stage 60 switches the motor 40 on again, but now in the opposite direction. This closes the ventilation grille. Fig. 5 thus shows an AC circuit via limit switches on the grating. The moisture levels that trigger the switching process can be adjusted for special requirements of the electronic circuit.

Claims (15)

1. window ( 10 ) with ventilation device ( 28 ), consisting of a window frame ( 12 ), which can be formed from a frame ( 14 ) and a casement ( 16 ), one in the window frame ( 12 ) by means of a drive motor ( 40 ) Drivable ventilation device ( 28 ) is provided, which drive motor ( 40 ) is operated by an energy source ( 42 , 44 , 48 ) comprising an integrated solar cell ( 42 ), characterized in that the drive motor ( 40 ) driving a ventilation device ( 28 ) is a motor is that actuates the ventilation device, and that the air movement itself takes place by natural draft. 2. Window according to claim 1, wherein the window has multiple glazing ( 20 , 25 ), characterized in that the solar cell ( 42 ) is arranged between two panes ( 20 , 22 ) of the multiple glazing. 3. Window according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the motor ( 40 ), which is preferably a servo or servomotor, together with an elongated ventilation element ( 28 ) in one of the spars of the window frame, in particular in the lower or upper horizontal Spar ( 24 ) of the frame ( 14 ) is arranged. 4. Window according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the frame is made of wood and has a milling or groove ( 26 ) for receiving one or the ventilation element ( 28 ) with motor ( 40 ). 5. Window according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the motor ( 40 ) is controlled by means of a moisture sensor ( 46 ) which is outside the area of the ventilation element ( 28 ), preferably in an adjacent vertical spar of the window frame ( 12 ) is arranged. 6. Window according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the solar cell ( 42 ) is a buffer battery, such as an accumulator ( 44 ) in parallel or downstream. 7. Window according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the Motor linked with a two-way circuit and limit switches on the ventilation grille is. 8. Window according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the motor ( 40 ) is associated with an electronic threshold switch ( 48 ) which is connected to the sensor via an integration circuit. 9. Window according to claim 8, characterized in that the threshold switch ( 48 ) has setting elements for the threshold values. 10. Window according to claim 9, characterized in that the adjusting elements for the threshold values are arranged on the inside of the window, or at too opening window accessible through areas accessible only when the window is open are. 11. Window according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the solar cell is arranged in a window near the motor ( 40 ). 12. Window according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the elongated ventilation device consists of two mutually displaceable grille or perforated diaphragms, the one perforated diaphragm being connected to the motor ( 40 ) via a coupling member. 13. Window according to claim 12, characterized in that the one another movable panels represent two nested U-profiles, whereby the outer profile in a provided in the window spar of the inside of the window, with the outside in fluid communication groove is fixed, in which outer profile an inner profile is held axially displaceable, the U-profile webs have openings that are aligned in one push position in one other thrust position are hidden, and that the sliding U-profile over a Coupling is connected to the engine. 14. Window according to claim 13, characterized in that the clutch a rack formed or supported by the profile and one by the Motor shaft supported pinion is formed, which meshes with the rack. 15. Window according to claim 13, characterized in that the coupling an eccentric connected to the motor shaft and a lever or cam There is a cam follower connection between the eccentric and the movable profile.