DD269468A5 - METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING A STEREOSCOPIC STANDBY AND / OR KINOBILDS - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the production of stereoscopic images, in which the image is decomposed into parts or in pixels. According to the invention, the spatial image of an object is first reshaped into a number of small planar or small spherical images with different viewpoints, then fixed, optionally forwarded or projected, and then again with the help of one of many small-sized lenses or lens elements existing plates converted into a stereoscopic image. In order to carry out the process according to the invention, a plate made of transparent material is arranged between the exposed object and the element covered with a photosensitive layer, or optionally behind the resulting and / or fixed image, the surface of which is equipped with intersecting spherical sector shell surfaces or lens elements.

Description

For this 7 pages drawings

Field of application of the invention

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for generating a stereoscopic still and / or cinema image, wherein the image is divided into parts, or into pixels.

- · ι- 239 468 Characteristic of the known state of the art

For the production of stereoscopic ion, or the objects in three dimensions darctellonden images are already several

Basic methods known, dlo often use the double view of the people.

One characterizing type are the two covered with a series of refractive prisms or semi-cylinders,

in stripe-cut, subsequently assembled pictures which, when viewed at a suitable distance and at a certain angle, give an image to the two eyes η · τ, whereby a stereoscopic image is formed. Using this technique, z. Stereoscopic picture postcards or those images,

with ions by changing the angle of view Always another picture comes to Vorschaln. The picture or individual parts of it therefore seem to be mobile.

Another group includes the stereoscopic images, which are provided with a color filter or a polar filter Eyewear, consisting of two pictures, drawn or projected or photographed,

from which the two eyes (seen through the glasses) perceive only one image. One tried already with this procedure

Produce and project cine films with stereoscopic bit-effect, whereby the audience through the film Special goggles considered. Another group is methods in which the images are captured with optical devices or via a peephole-z. 8th under Interposition of different grids or shields - can be viewed. With the help of a librarian

or reflecting system, the aupples see different images, creating a stereo effect.

A new trend is represented by the holograms. These are real three-dimensional images, using laser technology, with

an object beam and the reference beam interfering therewith.

As already mentioned, similar methods are used for stereoscopic cinema images. These are also based on the

spatial view with two eyes.

To the one group of the above-mentioned solution include those methods in which on the projection screen with

a worked with a refractive prism row, at a suitable angle and from a distance edible, projected from behind film is worked.

Another group are those procedures in which the film or television program with glasses, with

can be considered with a colored or polar filter provided, or mechanically, or with liquid crystal alternately closing-opening glasses.

Another group includes procedures in which the film or the television Frogramm via a peephole or with

Other optical devices can be seen, the two eyes with the aid of an interposed or reflecting system to see different images.

Holograms are also used for cinema images. In this case, the mechanically functioning system is off

several still picture frames, assembled as a single picture.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is to reduce the cost of producing stereoscopic images and to further increase the image quality.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The invention has for its object to develop an improved solution of the type mentioned. To achieve the object, the invention proceeds from the known property η stereoscopic images, according to which an image, when viewed from different directions, always shows different aspects. Now, if the image is divided into parts, the parts, when viewed from different directions, will always look different. If the division is continued and a picture is broken down into small parts or pixels, as far as possible, each pixel viewed from different directions will sometimes show a darker tone, sometimes a lighter tone or different colors up to a certain limit.

The decomposition into image parts is achieved according to the invention so that each individual pixel is produced with the aid of a small-sized converging lens. When a small image is placed in the focal plane or within that plane of a condenser-behind the lens-each detail of the image, when viewed from different directions, will fill the lens surface in various ways. In certain cases, the smaller the lenses, or the pixels, the farther the distance from which the image can be viewed, and the stronger, d. H. the more convex the lenses are, d. H. they have a smaller focal distance, the better the image can be viewed from a wider angle.

The ideal lens size may be determined from case to case depending on the distance of the human eye, the distance of the plate carrying the image from the viewer, and the distance from the object to be photographed. It is not worthwhile to use lenses with smaller dimensions, as the quality of the image can not be further improved. Instead of lens systems, an optical grating can also be used, resulting in an interference image. Accordingly, according to the invention, in the generation of a stereoscopic still image, the spatial image of an object is transformed into numerous images located in a plane or on a spherical shell with different viewpoints, then fixed-possibly propagated or projected-and then again converted into a stereoscopic image.

For the purposes of the invention, a stereoscopic image is produced in such a way that the spatial image of the moving object is split into planar images or into an interference image and thus fixed, filmed or forwarded. After projection onto a screen, the stereoscopy of the image is restored using small lenses or an optical grating.

According to the invention, the stereoscopic still images or cinema images can be used in practice in different ways

be generated. For this purpose, plates made in the same basic principle are made into different ones

Embodiments used. According to a first embodiment, the plate is made of a 9m transparent base material,

For example, a film made, and equipped on both sides with intersecting Kugelsektonxhalen surfaces.

The elementary images are present on the described surface of a plate side. This solution can be used primarily for

stereoscopic still images are used with extremely tiny pixel dimensions. In the other embodiment, a plate, such as a film, of a transparent material is also used, wherein the side on which the elementary Bildchen are flat, while the other surface consists of convex lens elements and the flat

Plate side lies in the focal plane or within the focal plane. When creating a still image, the images of the flat side of the above-described disk can be read by means of the above Plate applied photosensitive material-z. B. a photoemulsion-directly fixed. It also exists

the possibility of the plate to a planeren ^c ilm or on a paper stick on image, or the images from the rear of the flat

Project side to the plate. When creating a movie image, projecting is the simplest solution. Using the plate according to the invention also solutions can be configured with a lens system, wherein

several, consisting of lens elements plates are placed on each other. This solution is primarily suitable for the production of cinema images.

The actual photographing-film or video recording, etc.-can take place in different ways. One possible method is that an object that is opposite to that with a photosensitive material

coated plate side is present, is illuminated or the plate or the film is inserted into an unnoticed cassette / capsule and exposed by opening a cassette opening analogous to a camera. Subsequently, the plate or film is developed and from the resulting negative image, which is also spatially negative, i. "Vice versa" is that

Repeatedly generates a positive image with a similar plate. In another method, a rotatable lens plate is exposed once

it is expedient to use an emulsion brightening to the action of the light, which immediately gives a positive image.

The "image rotating" plate consists of two, with the flat sides fitted or glued plates. It is also possible to work with a plate of concave lens elements and a flat surface or one

consider two plates bounded by a surface made up of concave lens elements, the fictitious ones

- elementary pictures with a common camera, a camera or TV camera fixed or forwarded.

The methods for producing cinematographic images are essentially based on those used in the production of the still images

and described method, with the difference that the elementary image is not fixed to the disk surface, but with a camera, a camera or a television camera fixed or forwarded.

If a separate image pickup unit is used, it is convenient to place one between the image receptor and the disk Konlinsc lens, which completely covers the plate used in the recording, a *. turn. You can of course also on the flat surface of a plate resulting images with one of them in twice the focal distance

lying plate as image - rotating lenses, on the film or photo plate arranged at a far - double - focal distance

Fix paper odar with a camera, etc. Compared with the currently common methods of stereoscopic imaging, the inventions have the following advantages: For Stanc and Cinema images, which is based on the double-stereo view,

- making production easier, easier and cheaper;

- the solution carries more information; Stereoscopy is better; a more complete illusion can be achieved, since one can "see behind the object";

- Stereoscopy can also be achieved with a rotation of 90 °;

- Even in a vertical movement ensures the stereoscopic effect;

- one does not have to look with both eyes, so that a stereoscopic impression arises.

Compared to working with refractive prism rows or rows of cylinders solutions, the de. Invention generated image

- do not vibrate;

- not just under a given. Be enjoyed at an angle or from a predetermined distance;

- that (IiId can be copied, enlarged and reduced and

- it contains more information.

Systems related to the use of glasses are according to the invention

- No glasses required at all, while the stereoscopic effect remains even when moving.

Compared to systems that work with a peephole or other optical aids, there is the advantage that

- necessary optical aids are not required;

- the image can be projected;

- Men can look at the picture all at once

 Compared to holograms, the advantage is that

- the production is simple, fast and cheap;

- other skills are not necessary;

- a special laboratory is not required;

- The stereoscopic effect can not be achieved only in a horizontal movement;

- Even living things and moving objects can be photographed or taken on a film and not just small-immune vibration-free objects;

Larches, natural phenomena, eg. As fires, the sky, the human eye, etc. are photographed and recorded on a film, since a laser illumination is not necessary.

- the picture can easily be copied;

- Colored shots require no complicated technical equipment.

Using the solution according to the invention, a stereoscopic drawing or a drawing film and / or an object not yet objectified (for example, plan, construction drawing) can also be used to create a stereoscopic image. The image can be projected onto a specimen conveyor, transmitted via a TV channel or recorded with a traditional camera or a film or video camera.

exemplary

The invention will be explained in more detail on an exemplary embodiment. In the accompanying drawings show:

1 shows the elementary image with a lens from several views (1 a, 1 b and 1 c); Fig. 2: the emergence of the stereoscopic image with lenses having in-plane focal points

has been included;

3 shows the schematic representation of an embodiment of the inventively designed plate. Fig. 4: the representation of a further embodiment of the plate; 5 shows the section through a further plate design; 6 shows the section through the embodiment of a lens system; Fig. 7: the representation of the formation of a stereoscopic image; 8 shows an arrangement for producing a stereoscopic cinema image; 9 shows a further arrangement for the production of cinema pictures; 10A-10F: a plate with a lens system in plan and bottom view (FIGS. 10A and 10B), in which Side view (Fig. 10C) and section (Figs. 10E and 10F); Figure 10 G-1 Oil: The figure shows and side view of a lens element and the associated fracture of the image plane. According to Fig. 1 is in db. Focal plane, F "of a lens" 1 "- and a condenser-d. H. in a Fokaiabstand "f" behind

the lens "f" an image "k" arranged. Looking now at the darker spot S of the plane image "k" from different directions 1,2 and 3, it can be seen that the spot fills the surface of the lens J " to different degrees. This

Appearance is shown in Figs. 1 a, 1 b and 1 c. In the arrangement of Fig. 2, above the plane image "k" or a screen at a focal distance "f" are elementary Lenses I ₁ , 1 ₂ , 1 ₃ , 1 ₄ , 1 ₆ , 1 _e ... etc. arranged, from the seals 1,2,3,4,5, β ... etc. considered the elementary image AJ. ₁ AJ, Ai, A4, A4, A |, ... and so on. In this way, the virtual image "A" of the point A, which is already a stereoscopic

Picture is.

In Fig. 3 is a made of transparent base plate (a film) is shown with a thickness "v", both other

considered side "n", as well as on the opposite side of an area of intersecting spherical sectors with the

Radii η and r ₂ has. The elementary pictures ki, k ₂ , k ₃ ... are located on the mentioned areas of this page. These The design is primarily suitable for stereoscopic still images with extremely small dimensions of the pixel. In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the surface 17 of the plate 11 (of a film), likewise made of a transparent material, is shown.

planar, while the opposite face-the viewed side "n" · is composed of convex lens elements 10. The focal planes coincide with the side 11 and "S" of the plate, respectively.

FIG. 5 shows a lens system composed of superimposed lens elements 10, whose upper, with convex lenses 10

covered plate L _{1 of} the lensed half of the viewed side "n" of the plate L ₂ faces, while the planar

Face 17 of the lower plate L ₂ faces the planar image "S." This solution is used in particular for the production of Cinema images. Fig. 6 illustrates another possible embodiment of the complex lens system. The primary images 12 are formed by means of the

from Linsf nelementen 10 existing, provided below with a planar surface "7 plate 11. The pictures arise on einv. In the loading of the image, these images are not fixed in place or not projected there for the purpose of viewing the image, but are n.it help another, also of lens elements 10 standing below with a Flat surface 17 provided plate 13, according to the character of the

Lensensystems in planar Bildchen 14 remodeled. In this way, the stereoscopic image has a larger "angle"

as if the plate 11 were made up of small systems with a wide viewing angle or systems with fisheye optics.

In the solution according to FIG. 7, a plate 11 or L ₁ according to FIG. 4 is used, wherein on the L ₁ flat surface 17 a

photosensitive layer K is applied. Instead of the photosensitive layer, a photosensitive photographic plate, film or photographic paper may be placed on the flat surface 17 of the plate 11.

In addition, a method for the production of cinema images is shown with reference to FIGS. 8 and 9. According to FIG. 8, the fictitious-elementary pictures are displayed on a plate which has either a concave one or a concave one Flat surface or on both sides is designed with concave lens elements, with an ordinary camera, with a television Camera or a camera recorded or forwarded. In this case, L _{1 denote} those from the concave L _{2 is} the plate composed of the convex lens elements, "F" is the plane of the plate

fictitious book, "K" the photograph or the camera, "V" the projector, "T" the subject, "T" the stereoscopic image of the subject and "n" the viewed page.

The solution of Figure 9 is similar to Figure 7, with the difference that the pictures are not directly on the planar surface

be fixed, but with the help of a camera, a camera or a television camera. The designations correspond to those in Fig. 8, where L _{3 is} a picture-rotating plate.

From the statements it is clear that you rc! Varying individual elements of the concrete embodiments given as an example, numerous variants can be created within the scope of the invention.

Figures 10A and 10B show the plan view and bottom of the sheet 11 made of a transparent base, for example of polystyrene. From the top view of Figure 10A, it can be seen that the top surface is made of lens elements, i. 10B is the lower side of the plate, Fig. 10C is the enlarged front view, and Fig. 10D is the enlarged side view of the plate 11. It is apparent from the enlarged views that the upper surface convex lens elements 10 are present.

FIG. 10E shows the section EE of FIG. 10B and FIG. 10F the section FF of Fig. 10B in an enlarged scale. With regard as ^r, that the lens elements are located on the surface of the plate overlap 10, resulting in the Top view seen a sechnkantenförmige, honeycomb-like pattern, which is shown greatly enlarged in Fig. 10G. The individual lens elements 10 may be made of separate pieces, which are illustrated in Figs. 10H and 101. However, it is also possible to make the plate 11 monolithic, in the form of a band or strip. In the latter case, depending on the choice of material and dimensions, a rollable film-like drum is obtained which can be easily assembled and produced without any special technical problems 7. For a stereoscopic cinema image, the cinema image is projected onto the flat side of the polystyrene plate and the motion picture film is produced according to the method according to FIG.

Claims (12)

claims: A method for producing a still image and / or a cinema image, wherein the image is divided into parts or in pixels, characterized in that the spatial image of an object using oiner from numerous small-sized lenses or Linsenelemcnten with parallel optical axes and common focal plane existing plate in many small planar or located on the spherical shell images with different points of view unr is designed, which are then fixed or optionally forwarded or projected and then in the same way by means of a, consisting of numerous small lenses or lens elements plate back into a spatial and in the color valence positive image to be redesigned. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that on one side of the plate consisting of numerous, small-sized lenses or lens elements, a photosensitive substance z. A photoemulsion is applied and the object present on the other side of the plate is illuminated, after which the plate is developed and the positive image, also spatially negative, likewise with the aid of a plate consisting of numerous small lenses or lens elements stereoscopic image is generated. Apparatus for producing a stereoscopic still and / or cinema image comprising a photosensitive layered element and an image receiving or projecting unit, characterized in that between the exposed object (T) and the photosensitive layered element, or the image receiving means, or the image ejection means, and optionally before or after the resulting and / or recorded image (T ') is arranged a transparent base plate (11) whose surfaces are advantageously provided with intersecting ball sector shell surfaces, lens elements or with an optical grating ( 10,10 ') are provided. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that on both sides of the plate (11) overlapping, in plan view a hexagonal honeycomb pattern resulting Kugelsektorschalenflächen, lens elements or optical grating (10,10 ') are formed, the focal points in a common Focal plane (F) lie. 5. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that one surface of the plate (11) used for recording is a flat surface (17), while the other surface of concave lens elements or G utter (10) is composed, the focal plane (F) with the Flat surface (17) of the plate (11) coincides or outside the plate (11). 6. Apparatus according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the lens system consists of two or more plates (11) with superimposed lens elements (10,10 '): 7. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the FlachHäche (17) of the plate (11) with a photosensitive material-z. coated with a photoemulsion. 8. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that two, with their flat surfaces (17) joined together and with concave lens elements (10) equipped plates (11) are provided. 9. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that a plate side is a flat surface (17), while the other surface consists of concave lens elements (10 '). 10. Apparatus according to claim 9, characterized in that it consists of two, with the flat surfaces (17) joined together, consisting of concave lens elements (10 ') consisting of plates (11). 11. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that a complex lens system is provided, which consists of a top of collecting lens elements (10), with a Flachf'äche bottom (17) designed plate, under which another, also from above - concave - Includes collecting lens (10) existing and below with a Fiachfläche (17) designed plate (11), between which optionally spacer plates (15,16) are arranged. 12. Apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the plate (11) is an optical grating.