DD247828A1 - MEANS OF SIKKATION AND DEFOLIATION - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an agent for siccation and defoliation of plants, which is particularly suitable for the siccation of potato herb, Koernerleguminosen, rapeseed and Samentraegerkulturen. The object is to develop an advantageous mixture for siccation based on sodium chlorate, which allows a reduced application rate of sodium chlorate and reduces damage to the subsequent crops. According to the invention, a combination of sodium chlorate with the basic copper (II) salt of 2-Chlorethanphosphonsaeure with the mixing ratios in the limits of 20: 1 to 1: 1, preferably from 10: 1 to 2: 1, is used.

Description

Field of application of the invention

The present invention relates to a synergistic combination of herbicidal compounds for siccation and defoliation and their use in agriculture.

Characteristic of the known technical solutions

The siccation of arable crops by chemical means is a significant measure in modern agrotechnical production processes. In potato cultivation z. For example, the potato herb should be killed and dried a short time before harvest to facilitate the use of the harvesting technique and further prevent infection of the tubers with Phytophthora infestans. When cultivating seed carrier stocks, an accelerated and uniform maturation is to be achieved, especially under moist climatic conditions in the maturing period with the aid of chemical means, in order also to enable the use of harvesting technology and to reduce the large amount of energy required for the final drying of the seeds.

Various sikkationsmittel introduced into the practice contain sodium chlorate, which causes however in the necessary application rate because of its high persistence damage to successor cultures.

2-chloroethanephosphonic acid and its salts have hitherto been known mainly as growth regulators (SA 6801036); Also proposed was a limited addition of Cu ²⁺ ions to enhance the effects (DD 142789). Furthermore, the literature describes the use of a combination of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid and copper (II) ions for defoliation (BASAK, A., JANKIEWICZ, LS, CYNCZYK, A. Plant Growth Reg, Proc. Intern 1975, 644-50).

The known sikkationsmittel with the aforementioned active ingredients can not satisfy all due to the necessary high application rates and the associated persistence.

Object of the invention

The aim of the invention is the development of an improved siccating and deflating agent for use in modern agrotechnical production processes.

Explanation of the essence of the invention

The object underlying the invention is to find an advantageous mixture for siccation and defoliation based on sodium chlorate, which allows a reduction in the application rate of sodium chlorate and thus prevents damage to the subsequent crops.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by proposing a combination of sodium chlorate with the basic copper (II) salt of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid. This mixture is characterized by a much stronger sikkierende and defoliant effect than the sum of the individual components can expect (synergism).

The application rate of sodium chlorate can thereby be significantly reduced and enriched the state of the art to a new solution variant. The combination of agents proposed according to the invention is characterized by a markedly reduced persistence and residual action.

The proposed combination is particularly suitable for killing potato herb and for siccation of grain legumes and rapeseed.

In the combination, the mixing ratio of sodium chlorate and the basic copper (II) salt of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid can be within the limits of 20: 1 to 1: 1, preferably 10: 1 to 2: 1.

It has also been found that an expedient embodiment of the agent according to the invention consists in that it contains sodium chlorate and an aqueous solution of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid, mixed with such amounts of a copper (II) salt, that still up to 50% excess free 2-Chlorethanphosphonsäure remains. From the drug combination can be formulations such as solutions, emulsion concentrates,. Spritzpulver u.a. produce. For this purpose, it is in a known manner with the usual liquid carriers, optionally using surface-active compounds, dissolved or dispersed or mixed with solid carrier materials or formulated by other known methods. The formulations generally contain between 10 and 95% by mass of active ingredient, preferably between 20 and 90% by mass. It is also possible to use the combination according to the invention in the form of a tank mixture. The application is carried out in a known manner, for. B. by pouring, spraying or spraying. In general, the corresponding application form is prepared by dilution with water. The application rate depends on the specific application and is between 3 and 15 kg / ha.

embodiments

Preparation example

Basic copper (II) salt of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid

29 g of an approximately 50% strong acidic aqueous solution of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (0.1 mol) are admixed with 17 g of CuCl ₂ .2H ₂ O (0.1 mol) and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours. The solution contains the formed basic Cu (II) salt of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid and can be used directly for the preparation of the mixture.

Characterization of the basic Cu (II) salt of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid: thin-layer chromatography - R _f = 0.6; POLYGRAM-lonex-25 SB-Ac / UV 254; Eluent: 40 parts isopropanol, 20 parts isobutanol, 1 part ammonia (25%), 39 parts water.

applications

For the siccation of the potato weed field trials were carried out with Solanumtoberosum, variety Adretta. For each tested variant 4 χ 10 m ² dense plants were treated. The drug application was carried out by spraying using a backpack syringe. The broth application rate was 60 ml / m ² . The evaluation of the effect was made after 4, 14 and 21 days, in which the degree of killing of the plants in percent, separated by leaf and stalk, was evaluated. In the examples, the final scores are shown. In the same way, rapeseed was used in the siccation, while only the upper third of the shoot was taken into account when assessing the effect of the stem.

Field beans of the variety "Fribo" were grown under greenhouse conditions in plastic pots and fertilized with 30ml 20% Wopillösung per pot.The additional illumination was carried out with high-pressure mercury lamps.Pro variant 4 plants dripping wet with the combination sprayed to prevent the penetration of the funds in the The soil was covered and the synergistic effect was calculated according to the formula of COLBY

E = X + Y - ^X ' ^Y

100

The residual effect of the active substance mixture was determined with summer wheat under greenhouse conditions with uniform irrigation. Per variant 4 χ 30 grains were sown in monthly intervals in planters in a mixture of 70% Komposterde and 30% gravel. Before the first sowing, the soil was sprayed with the amount of active ingredient indicated in the examples. After 36 days, the rating was carried out, the grade 10 means 100% dead plants.

example 1

Desiccative effect of a mixture of sodium chlorate (I) with the basic copper (II) salt of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (II) or with a mixture of ethephon and copper (II) chloride (40% ethephon excess) (III) on Solanum tuberosum, variety Adretta, in the field plot evaluation 21 days after middle application

siccative effect in% I Il 0.5 III I + Il I + III synergistic effect n. COLBY l + ll I + III Conc. (%) 1.5 95 47 0.5 Leaf stems 70 2 82 35 100 91 100 95 42.9 58.7

Example 2

Desiccative effect of a mixture of sodium chlorate (I) with the basic copper (II) salt of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (II) on winter rape in the field plot evaluation 10 days after the medium application

siccative effect in% synergistic effect

I Il I + Il n. COLBY

Conc. (%) 1.2 0.5

dead plant parts 30 40 100 42.2

Example 3

Desiccative effect of a mixture of sodium chlorate (I) with the basic copper (II) salt of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (II) on oilseed rape in an open field trial Evaluation 14 days after medium application

siccative effect in% synergistic effect

I Il I + Il n. COLBY

Conc. (%) 1.5 0.5

Stem 30 70 72 -

Fruit 25 40 95 40.0

Example 4

Desiccative action of a mixture of sodium chlorate (I) with the basic copper (I) salt of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (II) on Vicia faba L. in the whole plant test. Evaluation 10 days after the middle application

siccative effect in% I Il 0.1 I + Il synergistic effect n. COLBY Conc. (%) 0.3 30 0 Leaf stems 11 0 0.3 5 5 32.3 5.0 Conc. (%) 0.3

Sheet 4 30 92 59.2

Stem 2 0 5 3.0

Example 5

Residual effect of a mixture of sodium chlorate (I) with the basic copper (II) salt of 2-chloroethanephosphonic acid (II) in the soil, assessed by the degree of damage to the leaves of summer wheat 36 days after sowing (sodium chlorate was included in the studies for comparison included)

Active substance or Damage to the leaves medium administration 13 Active substance mixture 36 days after sowing 9 0 (Kg / ha) Sowing (in weeks) after 0 2.8 1 5 1.0 0.3 untreated control 0.05 0 0 Sodium chlorate (15.0) 3.8 1.0 I + II (9.0 + 3.0) 0.3 0

Claims (4)

Invention claim: 1. A composition for siccation and defoliation of plants, characterized in that it contains a combination of N atrium cn I ο rat with the basic copper (II) salt of 2-Chlorethanphosphonsäure in addition to conventional excipients and carriers. 2. Composition according to item 1, characterized in that in the combination, the mass ratio of the sodium chlorate and the basic copper (II) salt of 2-Chlorethanphosphonsäure within the limits of 20: 1 to 1: 1, preferably from 10: 1 to 2 : 1, moved. 3. Composition according to item!, Characterized in that it contains sodium chlorate and an aqueous solution of 2-Chlorethanphosphonsäure, added with such amounts of a Cu (II) salt that there is still up to 50% excess amount of free 2-Chlorethanphosphonsäure remains. 4. Use of an agent according to item!, Characterized in that it is used for the siccation and defoliation of plants, in particular of potatoes, grain legumes, rapeseed and seed carrier cultures used.