CZ309315B6 - Working unit for agricultural machine - Google Patents

Abstract

Working unit for an agricultural machine, for inter-row loosening, sowing of under-sowing crops and herbicide treatment of already sown rows (5) of wide-row crops (1). The basis of the working unit is a supporting frame (2) on which a fertilizer applicator with a fertilizer tank, a spraying device with a spray tank and working tools including at least one other working tool from the group are arranged: a tool for disturbing the soil, a tool for loosening the soil and killing weeds, soil tamping equipment, harrowing equipment, seeding equipment (3, 4). The tools for disturbing the soil are at least two cutting application knives (6) opposite each other on the sides in the front part of the assembly of working tools, which have a fertilizer dosing outlet in their rear part for applying fertilizer to the subsurface root zone. The spraying device includes at least two nozzles (19), at least one nozzle (19) is on the support frame (2) on the left and at least one nozzle (19) on the support frame (2) on the right behind the soil disturbance tool, and also two pairs of side screens (7) to separate the spaces between the rows from the adjacent sown rows.

Description

Work unit for agricultural machinery

Field of technology

The invention relates to a working unit for an agricultural machine used for inter-row loosening and soil treatment for wide-row crops during their growth. The work unit combines elements of agrotechnical operations, such as inter-row loosening, application of fertilizers and herbicides, or sowing of sub-sowing crops between already grown rows of wide-row crops such as sunflower, maize, sugar beet, soybean, winter canola, etc.

Current state of the art

The cultivation of broad-row crops such as corn, sunflowers, soybeans, sugar beets, sorghum and others creates conditions for water erosion due to their slow initial growth. This manifests itself quite strikingly on sloping plots. Another problem in terms of competitive relations is the strong pressure of weeds, which have quite a lot of room to grow until the main crop sufficiently covers the entire surface of the soil, thus limiting the harmfulness of weeds. Also, the nutrition and fertilization of crop stands during the growing season is usually carried out by one of the methods of surface application either on the soil surface or on plant leaves. It is proven that the use of nutrients by plants, especially nitrogen, with this method of application is very low and ranges up to 20%. This procedure is also not good for the environment. A major problem in contemporary agriculture is the loss of primary organic matter in the soil. Low numbers of animals in animal production cannot ensure the supply of missing organic matter in the form of manure.

Technological procedures of agrotechnical operations for broad-row crops are currently carried out in the form of separate technological operations. It is surface fertilization of vegetation, surface application of pre-emergent or post-emergent herbicides, inter-row cultivation is marginally used. It is inter-row cultivation that has a significant positive effect on yield and is able to partially suppress or completely eliminate weeds. Above all, the widespread application of fertilizers and herbicides negatively affects the perception of these used technologies from an environmental point of view. Currently, in agriculture, there is no machinery for establishing sub-sowing crops during the vegetation period of the main crop.

From the patent application WO 2013/033764, a "cultivation system for soil cultivation" and a soil cultivation method are known. The method involves using a rotating shaft having a plurality of knife assemblies spaced apart on the rotating shaft. Each blade assembly has a plurality of blades that rotate with the rotation of the shaft, thereby creating an array of equally spaced machined rows. As the blades loosen in the row growth, the soil is crushed and processed by the rotating blades so that a certain proportion of the soil is deposited back into the row and part of the soil is deposited along the row. This creates an aerated soil that promotes seed emergence in the prepared row and plant growth. The basic assembly can be supplemented with a number of representative or additional agricultural tools, such as rippers, sowing machines, levelers, fertilizer applicators, etc. The main advantage of this equipment is that the cultivated soil expands, thereby increasing aeration and water collection. The main disadvantage of this device is that it is not adapted for gentle work in wide-row crops, but is mainly used for row aeration of pastures.

From the patent document CZ 33597, an "agricultural machine for tillage" is known. The technical solution relates to an agricultural tillage machine with a frame structure, on which multiple work units of various types are arranged in various assemblies and spacings. The essence is that the structure is collapsible, consisting of a narrow central part and two folding outer parts. This makes it easier to move along the road and at the same time gives the agricultural machine a large spatial scope when cultivating the soil. The main advantage of the machine is its multi-functionality, combining a large number of agricultural operations in one working process of the tractor

- 1 CZ 309315 B6 of agricultural machinery. This will make soil cultivation cheaper and, at the same time, reduce its burden arising from towed agricultural machinery. The disadvantage of this machine is that it is intended for tillage outside the growing season of crops.

From patent document CZ 27213, a working unit of an inter-row cultivator is known, including a frame equipped with a set of working tools for soil preparation, which are attached to the frame in a replaceable manner. The basis of the work unit is a combination of one of the four basic types of work tools, i.e. a chisel in several types, a disc cutter, a flat blade and a tube for applying liquid fertilizers to plant roots. The disadvantage of this solution is mainly its specialization only in fertilizing the rows by applying a fertilizing solution to the roots and eliminating weeds between the already sown rows by cutting down the root bundles of the weeds and loosening the areas between the rows in order to improve the water permeability of the soil. The disadvantage of this solution is that it does not address the possibility of simultaneously sowing the inter-row space between the already sown rows and the associated operation of modifying the newly sown area, just as it does not address the possibility of the simultaneous application of herbicide preparations for weeds in the row space of an already grown wide-row crop.

From the document US 20140197249 AI, an agricultural device for inter-row application of fertilizer and herbicide, soil processing and sowing of under-sowing crops is known. A sprayer is preferably used to apply liquid fertilizer. No-tillage tools include pruning discs or arrow shares. The tool also includes a seeding device accompanied by a tool for tamping the soil and a nozzle for spraying herbicide. The device is designed for soil protection technology, with plant residues on the soil surface. The goal of loosening with pruning discs or harrows is primarily to create suitable conditions for the emergence of the under-sowing crop, since seeding tubes are used to increase the height, when the seed falls on the surface of the soil. At the same time, a full-area application of the herbicide is used, i.e. also at the place of sowing of the under-sowing crop. Liquid fertilizer is also applied to the surface of the soil. This solution makes it possible to establish a stand of under-sowing crops with a full-area application of herbicides, but their selection is limited, since it is not possible to use soil-acting herbicides that would negatively affect the emergence and growth of under-sowing crops. This concept is applicable with the use of glyphosate in ROUNDUP READY technologies, which, however, are not permitted in the EU. The disadvantage of this solution is that it cannot be used in the conditions of the Czech Republic. Other disadvantages of the technical solution in question are that when using the arrow harrows themselves for loosening, even the sown rows are affected, because the treated soil is homogeneously intertwined and interwoven with roots. Fertilizer application takes place across the inter-row space, just like herbicide spraying. In the case of fertilizing, the effectiveness of the effect is thus reduced, which is replaced by a larger amount applied, and the herbicide spray only gets close to the cultivated crop by chance, and the effect on weeds is thus minimal.

From document US 20200260630 AI, a unit for inter-row soil cultivation, fertilization and sowing of under-sowing crops is known. The soil-disturbing element is in the form of discs or blades. Fertilizer applicator in the form of a tube applicator, nozzle or sprayer. The seeding device is in the form of a seeding tube. The device is also equipped with tamping wheels for soil compaction. This document has similar drawbacks to the previous document and for the most part focuses only on tillage and inter-row treatments rather than wide-row crop treatments. In addition, this document is completely ambiguous due to the wording used and defacto describes the already known state of the art in general terms.

From the document DE 4115653 AI, an agricultural tool for inter-row soil cultivation is known, which includes a support frame on which two sets of tools for soil cultivation and loosening are mounted in a height-adjustable manner. The tool also includes position-adjustable sprayer devices for applying herbicides. In another embodiment, the device also contains a tool for applying fertilizers to the soil. The disadvantage of this technical solution is that it represents a trivial solution for inter-row cultivation and inter-row application of fertilizers and spraying, i.e. not for a separate combination of cultivation and sowing of inter-rows and fertilization and herbicide spraying of already sown rows. In the same way, it does not address the precision of the application to reduce the biological burden of soils. The main goal of this technical solution is the installation and use of a stabilization mechanism for a permanent but variable setting of the cultivation depth in the soil.

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From document CN 208047203 U, an agricultural device for general tillage is known, which combines the functions of fertilizing, sowing and loosening the soil with a rotary tiller with knives. The sowing part contains a seed container, a knife, a dispenser and a tamping roller. Fertilizer is dosed from the tank through a tube. The purpose of the utility model is to provide a rotary seeder with a cultivator with a simple structure, reasonable construction, low investment cost, capable of returning straw to the field and ensuring the normal operation of the rotary seeder for tillage and fertilizer application. The disadvantage of this technical solution is the fact that it is intended for the cultivation of harvested areas with a focus on the return of plant residues to the soil after harvest and does not address anything in the area of precision agriculture or the area of simultaneously growing the main broad-row crop and inter-row crops on the same area.

The task of the invention is to create a working unit for an agricultural machine that combines the processes of inter-row loosening, fertilizing, sowing of sub-sowing crops into the loosened inter-row space, treatment of newly sown areas and the application of herbicides to weeds in the belt of already grown wide-row crops for agricultural areas sown with wide-row crops, and all this in one work step, i.e. while minimizing the need for equipment to pass through the sown area. By combining all these agrotechnical operations performed simultaneously by one work unit during a single pass of the equipment over the sown area, it reduces the load on this area and brings savings in the financial costs incurred for the operation of the equipment and the work of the operator of the agricultural machine.

The essence of the invention

The shortcomings of currently known devices are overcome by the described working unit for an agricultural machine, which is intended primarily for inter-row loosening, sowing of under-sowing crops and herbicide treatment of already sown rows of wide-row crops. The work unit for the agricultural machine includes a support frame that is adapted to be connected to the support device of the agricultural machine. At the same time, it is adapted for the possibility of changing its own vertical position. A set of working tools is arranged on the supporting frame. This assembly includes a fertilizer applicator and a sprayer device with a spray tank and at least one other working tool from the group of tools: a tool for disturbing the soil, a tool for loosening the soil and killing weeds, a soil tamping device, a harrowing device, a seeding device.

The soil disturbance tools are at least two cutting application knives arranged opposite each other on the sides in the front part of the work tool assembly, with respect to the direction of forward movement of the work unit. The installed cutting application knives are equipped with a fertilizer dosing outlet in their rear part for applying fertilizer to the subsurface root zone of wide-row crops. The spraying device includes at least two nozzles connected by a supply pipe to the spray reservoir. At least one of the installed nozzles is located on the left on the support frame and at least one of the installed nozzles is located on the right behind the soil disturbance tool on the support frame. The location of the nozzles is related to the longitudinal axis of the supporting frame.

The sprayer device is further formed by two pairs of side screens to separate the inter-row spaces from the adjacent sown rows of wide-row crops. The use of screens serves to eliminate the possibility of spraying the herbicide outside the defined space of the rows, and also to prevent the inclusion of this row with loosened soil.

In an advantageous embodiment, the cutting application knives are adjustable in the vertical plane, thereby correcting their recess depth. At the same time, the cutting application knives are also adjustable in the horizontal plane, according to the distance between two adjacent rows of wide-row crops. The location is relative to the forward movement direction of the work unit.

In another advantageous embodiment, the fertilizer dosing outlet installed on the cutting application knife is adapted for the application of both liquid and solid organic and inorganic fertilizers.

In another advantageous embodiment, the tool for loosening the soil and killing weeds is a harrow with an arrow blade. Height adjustment of the husk in the vertical plane corrects the depth of passage of the arrow blade through the soil. The shell can also be adjusted horizontally by changing the location on the supporting frame. The arrow harrow loosens the soil and at the same time cuts the root system of weeds in the space between the rows.

In the following preferred embodiment, the assembly of working tools includes three sledgehammers with an arrow blade. The peels are arranged next to each other on the supporting frame, i.e. in the transverse direction, relative to the forward movement direction of the work unit.

In another advantageous embodiment, the coulter with arrow blade is equipped in its rear part with an integrated seeding device.

In another advantageous embodiment, a separate sowing device is placed on the support frame. This self-seeding device is arranged in one plane on the support frame, this plane of arrangement being perpendicular to the plane of forward movement of the work unit. At the same time, a separate sowing unit is arranged in the space behind the husks, due to the forward movement direction of the working unit.

In the following advantageous embodiment, the seeding device includes a seed container which is connected to a seed dosing device. At least one vas deferens emerges from the seed dosing device. At its lower end, each seed tube is equipped with a deflector that distributes the seeds evenly into the loosened soil.

In yet another advantageous embodiment, each vas deferens forms at least part of its length an integral part of the husk with an arrow blade.

In another advantageous embodiment, the separate sowing device includes four sowing shoes arranged in one functional unit. Each seed shoe is connected to exactly one vas deferens.

In another advantageous embodiment, the soil tamping device is a tamping roller, which is arranged at the end of the assembly of working tools, relative to the forward movement direction of the working unit. The tamping roller is used for flat tamping of loosened soil in the space between the rows of a wide-row crop. The use of a tamping roller is particularly advantageous for surface seeding with deflectors, when it is not possible to distinguish, and therefore to tame, a specific sown row.

In the following preferred embodiment, the soil tamping device is a set of tamping wheels which are arranged at the end of the work tool set, relative to the forward movement direction of the work unit. Tamping wheels are used for row tamping of loosened soil in the space between the rows of wide-row crops. The use of tamping wheels is particularly advantageous for row sowing with coulters, when it is possible to distinguish, and therefore also tame, a specific sown row.

In another advantageous embodiment, the soil tamping device is a quartet of tamping wheels, which are arranged at the end of the assembly of working tools, relative to the forward movement direction of the working unit.

In another advantageous embodiment, the weeding device is a rod weeder. The rod harrow is arranged on the support frame behind the deflectors, relative to the forward movement direction of the work unit.

The main advantage of this invention is the combination of inter-row loosening processes with a weed-killing effect, sowing of under-sowing crops and herbicide treatment of wide-row crops during the growing season, simultaneously in one work operation. This reduces the need to repeatedly burden the soil by driving heavy agricultural machinery and makes own agricultural production more efficient and cheaper.

-4CZ 309315 B6

Clarification of drawings

The invention will be further explained with the help of the drawings, which show:

Giant. 1 is a side view of the working unit in the design with a pair of cutting application knives, with three husks with arrow shares with an integrated seeding device, with a spraying device and with a tamping roller;

Giant. 2 is a side view of the working unit in the design with a pair of cutting application knives, with a single husker with a wide arrow share, with a separate seeding device, with a spraying device, with a harrowing device and with tamping wheels;

Giant. 3 top view of the work unit in the design with a pair of cutting application knives, with three husks with arrow shares with an integrated sowing device, with a spraying device, with a rod harrow and with a tamping roller;

Giant. 4 is a top view of the working unit in the design with a pair of cutting application knives, with one husker with a wide arrow share, with a separate seeding device formed by four sowing shoes, with a spraying device and with four tamping wheels;

Giant. 5 is a rear perspective view of the working unit in the design with a pair of cutting application knives, with three harrows with arrow coulters with an integrated seeding device, with a spraying device, with a rod harrow and with a tamping roller, highlighting the location of a rod harrow, spraying device and tamping roller;

Giant. 6 is a rear perspective view of the working unit in the design with a pair of cutting application knives, with one husker with a wide arrow share, with a separate seeding device consisting of four sowing shoes, with a spraying device and with four tamping wheels, highlighting the location of the rod harrow, spraying device and tamping wheels;

Giant. 7 is a side view of an arrangement of a coulter with an arrow coulter in an embodiment with an integrated seeding device, shown here as a part of the seed tube that is part of a coulter coulter;

Giant. 8 is a front view of the working unit in an embodiment with a pair of cutting application knives, with three arrow-shaped coulters and with visible parts of the spraying and integrated seeding equipment;

Giant. 9 is a front view of the working unit in the design with a pair of cutting application knives, with one husker with a wide arrow share and with visible parts of the spraying and separate seeding equipment.

Examples of implementation of the invention

It is to be understood that the specific embodiments of the invention described and illustrated below are presented for illustration purposes and not as a limitation of the embodiments of the invention to the examples shown. Those skilled in the art will find or be able to find, using routine experimentation, a greater or lesser number of equivalents to the described embodiments of the invention.

According to Fig. 1a-6a8-9, the described work unit for an agricultural machine is intended primarily for inter-row loosening, sowing of under-sowing crops and herbicide treatment of already sown rows of 5 wide-row crops L For these reasons, the work unit for an agricultural machine combines several separate tools for these activities. The work unit includes a support frame 2, which is adapted for connection to the support device of the agricultural machine and is adapted to change its

-5CZ 309315 B6 vertical position using a three-point hinge or some other device well known to a person skilled in the art. An assembly of working tools is arranged on the support frame 2. This assembly includes a fertilizer applicator with a fertilizer tank and a sprayer device with a spray tank and at least one other tool from the group of tools for disturbing the soil, a tool for loosening the soil and killing weeds, a sowing device 3, 4, a harrowing device and a soil tamping device. The basis of the work unit is thus a fertilizer applicator with a fertilizer tank and a sprayer with a spray tank. Some other tools are then added to these two components, where according to the examples of implementation of the invention not shown, the work unit may contain only some of these added tools.

According to Figs. 1 to 6 and 8 to 9, the soil disturbance tools are at least two cutting application knives 6, which are arranged opposite each other on the support frame 2, on both sides in the front part of the tool assembly. The front part of the tool assembly is defined relative to the forward movement direction of the work unit. The cutting application knives 6 are adjustable in the vertical plane, thereby correcting their recess depth. At the same time, the cutting application knives 6 are also adjustable in the horizontal plane, according to the distance between two adjacent rows 5 of wide-row crops L. During work, the cutting application knives 6 thus move outside the sown rows 5 with the wide-row crop 1, more precisely right next to the rows 5. The depth of the cutting application knives of knives 6 is up to a depth of 150 mm. The pair of cutting application knives 6 located on the supporting frame 2 are thus one to the right of the left row 5 and the other to the left of the right row 5, thereby laterally delimiting the inter-row space 15 between a pair of adjacent sown rows 5 of the wide-row crop 1. According to the not shown example of the implementation of the invention, each cutting application knife 6 is equipped with a fertilizer dosing outlet in its rear part. This dosing outlet serves for the direct application of fertilizer into the subsurface root zone of wide-row crops j_.

According to the illustration in Fig. 5, 6, 8 and 9, the spraying device includes a spray container and at least two nozzles 19, where the spray container and the nozzles 19 are connected to each other by the supply pipe 14 of the spray. In this embodiment of the invention, at least one nozzle 19 is arranged on the support frame 2 to the left, and at least one nozzle 19 is arranged on the support frame 2 to the right behind the tool for disturbing the soil, relative to the longitudinal axis of the support frame 2. The spraying device is further formed by two pairs of side screens 7 for separating the inter-row spaces 15 from the adjacent sown rows 5 of wide-row crops L The main task of the side screens 7 is to eliminate the possibility of herbicide spraying outside the defined space of the row 5 of wide-row crops and also to prevent the inclusion of this row 5 with loosened soil.

According to the non-illustrated embodiment of the invention, the fertilizer dosing outlet is adapted for the application of both liquid and solid organic and inorganic fertilizers. The metering outlets are connected via the dispenser to the fertilizer tank.

According to the example of the implementation of the invention, shown in Fig. 1, 2 and 7, the tool for loosening the soil and killing weeds is a harrow 8 with an arrow blade 9. The height adjustment of the harrow 8 in the vertical plane corrects the depth of passage of the arrow blade 9 through the soil. The harrow 8 is also adjustable horizontally, by changing the location on the support frame 2. The arrow harrow 9 loosens the soil and simultaneously cuts the root system of weeds in the inter-row space 15. The number of harrows 8 and their horizontal and vertical adjustment depends on the size of the loosened inter-row space 15 and the assumed character of the loosening. The size of the arrow blade 9 then depends on the selected number of used blades 9 in relation to the size of the raised inter-row space 15 and the soil conditions. Loosening the soil warms it up and aerates it, which contributes to better crop growth.

According to the example of the implementation of the invention, shown in Fig. 1 and 8, the set of working tools includes three skins 8 with arrow blades 9. The skins 8 are arranged next to each other on the support frame 2 in the transverse direction, relative to the direction of movement of the work unit forward.

-6CZ 309315 B6

According to another, not shown, example of the implementation of the invention, the set of working tools includes one peeler 8 with an arrow blade 9.

According to the example of the implementation of the invention, shown in Fig. 1, 3, 7, each coulter 8 with an arrow blade 9 is provided in its rear part with an integrated sowing device 4. The arrow blades 9 are structurally designed in such a way that they enable surface sowing with the seed crop, namely in the entire strip of loosened soil of the inter-row space 15.

According to the example of the implementation of the invention, shown in Fig. 2, 4, 6, a separate sowing device 3 is placed on the support frame 2. This separate sowing device 3 is arranged on the support frame 2 in one plane, while this plane of arrangement is perpendicular to the plane of movement work units forward. At the same time, the separate sowing unit 3 is arranged in the space behind the husk 8 with the arrow blade 9 or behind the husks 8 with the arrow blades 9, relative to the forward movement direction of the working unit. The reason for the placement is the sequence of operations, when the soil is first loosened and then only seeded.

According to the example of the implementation of the invention, shown in Fig. 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, the sowing device 3,4 includes a seed reservoir 10, which is connected to the seed dosing device 11. At least one seed tube 12 emerges from the seed dosing device 11 Each seed duct 12 is equipped at its lower end with a deflector for uniform distribution of seeds into the loosened soil.

According to the example of the implementation of the invention, shown in Fig. 1, 7 and 8, the seed tube 12 is at least part of its length an integral part of the husk 8 with the arrow harrow 9. The harrow 8 with the arrow harrow 9 thus simultaneously carries out both loosening and sowing of the seed crop.

According to the example of the implementation of the invention, shown in Fig. 4 and 9, the separate sowing device 3 includes four sowing shoes 16 arranged in one functional unit. Each seed shoe 16 is connected to exactly one seed tube 12. Each seed shoe 16 enables seed to be dosed into a single seed row of the seed crop.

In one specific example of the implementation of the invention, not shown, an assembly of one husk 8 with one 30 cm wide arrow blade 9 with an integrated seeding device 4 is used for surface sowing. In another shown example of the arrangement of the invention, according to Figs. 1 and 3, an assembly of three furrows 8 is used, each with a narrow 10 cm arrow blade 9 with an integrated sowing device 4 in each furrow 8, for surface sowing. In both assemblies, the integrated sowing device 4 can be replaced by a separate sowing device 3, i.e. according to the example of the implementation of the invention, shown in Fig. 4, a single coulter 8 is followed by a single 30 cm wide arrow share 9 a separate sowing device 3 with four sowing shoes 16. According to another of the not shown example of the arrangement of the invention is a separate sowing device 3 with four sowing shoes 16 placed in a single coulter 8 with one 30 cm wide arrow blade 9.

According to the example embodiment of the invention shown in Figs. 1, 3 and 5, the soil tamping device is a tamping roller 17 which is arranged at the end of the assembly of working tools, relative to the forward movement direction of the working unit. The tamping roller 17 is used for surface tamping of the loosened soil in the space between the pair of rows 5 of the wide-row crop 1. An important task is to use soil tamping to restore soil capillarity and thus improve the overall process of germination and emergence of under-sowing crops.

According to the example embodiment of the invention, shown in Fig. 2, 4 and 6, the soil tamping device is an assembly of tamping wheels 18, which is arranged at the end of the assembly of working tools, relative to the direction of movement of the working unit forward. Tamping wheels 18 are used for row tamping of loosened soil in the space between a pair of rows 5 of the wide-row crop L

According to the example of the implementation of the invention, shown in Fig. 4 and 6, the soil tamping device is four tamping wheels 18, which are arranged at the end of the set of working tools, referred to

-7 CZ 309315 B6 to the forward movement direction of the work unit. The number of tamping wheels 18 in this example embodiment of the invention corresponds to the number of rows sown with the subsowing crop. This number may vary in another embodiment of the invention. The number of tamping wheels 18 and thus seed shoes 16 is proportionally dependent on the distance between adjacent rows 5 of wide-row crops 1 and thus on the size of the cultivated and seeded inter-row space 15.

According to the example of the implementation of the invention, shown in Fig. 3, 5 and 6, the harrowing device is a rod harrow 13. The rod harrow 13 is arranged on the supporting frame 2 behind the deflectors, relative to the forward movement direction of the work unit. The task of the rod harrow 13 is to harrow and insert the seeds of the undersowing crop into the soil.

The working unit for the agricultural machine is usually mounted on a support frame 2 with a width of 4.5 m or 6 m. The width of the inter-row space 15, i.e. the distance between the cutting application knives 6, normally applied to the rows 5 of wide-row crops 1, is usually 0.45 m and 0 .75 m but never less than 0.35 m.

Industrial applicability

The work unit for an agricultural machine finds application in contemporary agriculture in increasing the efficiency of growing broad-row crops with an emphasis on soil protection and reducing the burden on the environment through the targeted application of herbicides. It will not only enable the elimination of weeds in a mechanical way using inter-row loosening, but also the possible application of fertilizers and herbicides, or the sowing of sub-sowing crops between the already sown rows of the main crops. This also enables the application of nutrients in the form of fertilizers and at the same time increases the soil's ability to absorb and absorb water, thereby reducing the risk of soil erosion on sloping land.

Claims (13)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. Working unit for an agricultural machine, mainly for inter-row loosening, sowing of subsowing crops, herbicide treatment of already sown rows (5) of wide-row crops (1), including a supporting frame (2) adapted to be connected to the supporting equipment of the agricultural machine and at the same time adapted for the possibility of change its own vertical position, while a fertilizer applicator, a spray device with a spray tank, a tool for disturbing the soil, and a set of working tools including at least one other working tool from the group of tools are arranged on the support frame (2): a tool for loosening the soil and killing weeds, soil tamping device, harrowing device, seeding device (3, 4), wherein the tools for disturbing the soil are at least two cutting application knives (6) arranged opposite each other on the sides in the front part of the assembly of working tools, with respect to the direction of movement of the working unit forward, characterized with the fact that the cutting application knives (6) are equipped with a manure dosing outlet in their rear part for applying fertilizers to the subsurface root zone of wide-row crops, and that the spraying device includes at least two nozzles (19) connected by a supply pipe (14) to a spray tank, where at least one nozzle (19) is located on the support frame (2) on the left and at least one nozzle (19) is located on the support frame (2) to the right behind the tool for breaking up the soil, relative to the longitudinal axis of the support frame (2), while the spraying device is further formed by two pairs of side screens (7) for separating the inter-row spaces from the adjacent sown rows (5) of wide-row crops (1), to eliminate the possibility of herbicide spraying outside the defined space of the rows (5), and also to prevent the inclusion of this row (5) with loosened soil. 2. Work unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the fertilizer dosing outlet is adapted for the application of liquid and solid organic and inorganic fertilizers. 3. Work unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool for loosening the soil and killing weeds is a harrow (8) with an arrow blade (9). 4. Work unit according to claim 3, characterized in that the set of work tools includes three peelers (8) with an arrow blade (9) arranged on the support frame (2) next to each other. 5. Work unit according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the husker (8) with the arrow blade (9) is equipped with an integrated sowing device (4) in its rear part. 6. Work unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the sowing device (3) is separate and arranged in one plane on the support frame (2), while this plane of arrangement is perpendicular to the plane of forward movement of the work unit and at the same time this plane is located in the space behind the husks (8) with the arrow blade (9), relative to the forward movement direction of the work unit. 7. Work unit according to claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the seeding device (3, 4) includes a seed container (10) connected to a seed dosing device (11), with at least one seminiferous duct emerging from the seed dosing device (11) ( 12), where each seed tube (12) is equipped with a deflector at its lower end, for even distribution of seeds into the soil. 8. Work unit according to claim 7, characterized in that each seed tube (12), at least in part of its length, forms an integral part of the husk (8) with the arrow blade (9), for dosing the seed on the entire surface of the raised inter-row space (15 ). -9 CZ 309315 B6 work units forward, for surface tamping of loosened soil in the space between a pair of rows (5) of a wide-row crop (1), to restore the soil capillarity of the soil. 9. Work unit according to claim 7, characterized in that the separate seeding device (3) further includes four seeding shoes (16) arranged in one functional unit, where each exactly one sowing shoe (16) is connected to exactly one seed tube (12 ) and the end of each sowing shoe (16) is equipped with a deflector, for dosing the seed into a single seed row. 10. Work unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil tamping device is a tamping roller (17) arranged at the end of the set of working tools, relative to the direction of movement 11. Work unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the soil tamping device is an assembly of tamping wheels (18) arranged at the end of the assembly of working tools, relative to the forward movement direction 5 of the work unit, for row tamping of loosened soil in the space between a pair of rows (5 ) broad-row crops (1), to restore soil capillarity. 12. Work unit according to claim 11, characterized in that the soil tamping device is four tamping wheels (18) arranged at the end of the assembly of working tools, relative to the forward movement direction of the work unit. ιο 13. Work unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the harrowing device is a rod harrow (13), which is arranged on the support frame (2) behind the deflectors, relative to the forward movement direction of the work unit.