CZ293096B6 - Apparatus for exhaustion of smoke - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an apparatus (1) for exhaustion of smoke comprising a basement (2) which defines an opening (3) made in a building structure, a cover (4) co-operating in opening and closing actions with said basement (2), moving means (6) for the rotation of said cover (4), hooking means (7) suited to block said cover (4) in the closing position thereof, a mechanical lock (8) suited to block said cover (4) in position of its maximum opening, and a release device (150), which, through remote control means, releases said mechanical lock (8), before that said moving means (6) begin the closing action of said cover (4).

Description

Smoke extraction equipment

Technical field

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a smoke exhaust device for use in the extraction of smoke and heat from rooms of buildings in the event of a fire.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is well known that the current safety regulations mandate that a building must be equipped with suitable smoke and heat removal equipment, which in the event of a fire is automatically activated so as to evacuate the combustion products and prevent the these combustion products spread inside the building.

Similar smoke evacuation devices typically consist essentially of a hatch which, through one or more hinges, hinges, or other hinges, is attached to a base that defines an opening formed in the building structure that connects one or more rooms to the external environment.

The hatch is mechanically coupled to moving means which are adapted to be able to open and close the hatch by rotating it around one or more of said hinges, hinges, or other hinges by which it is attached to the frame. Said moving means consist in particular of a connecting linkage and a pneumatic cylinder that is fed by an inert gas, preferably carbon dioxide CO _2, as soon as a suitable sensor detects an elevated temperature that exceeds a predetermined threshold or as soon as a suitable sensor detects the presence of smoke in the indoor air.

The aforementioned safety regulations also provide that the smoke extraction device must be provided with locking elements that lock the hatch in a very reliable manner when it reaches its maximum open position, in order to prevent it from being accidentally reclosed.

DE-U-83 02 361 discloses a prior art smoke evacuation device which is provided with mechanical means to prevent the hatch from being closed by acting on a pneumatic cylinder. However, such powerful systems, although operating effectively, are not, incidentally, endorsed by the applicable safety regulations, which completely exclude the use of safety devices in which the hatch prevention element acts on a pneumatic cylinder which is dependent on the operation of the system. It follows that smoke extraction systems fitted with similar devices cannot be considered to comply with the applicable safety regulations.

Other such devices are provided with mechanical means that firmly lock the hatch when it is in the maximum open position by rigidly attaching it to the base or building structure.

Although such smoke extraction devices comply with safety regulations since the possibility of accidentally closing the hatch is eliminated, it is necessary for the operator to physically ensure their closure by removing the mechanical means that block them.

It is clear from the foregoing that the prior art smoke evacuation devices cannot be opened and closed in a simple and fast manner by remote control, nor can they be used for ventilation purposes.

-1 CZ 293096 B6

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In order for the smoke extraction device to be opened and closed by means of a remote control, it is necessary to have suitable means which, before starting to close the hatch, remotely unlocks the mechanical closure that locks the hatch in its maximum open position.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a smoke exhaust device having a remote-controlled release mechanism for the mechanical closure which prevents accidental closure of the hatch when the hatch is in its maximum open position.

This has been achieved by providing a smoke exhaust device comprising a base defining an aperture in a building structure to connect the interior of one or more rooms to the external environment, a hatch provided with one or more hinges attached to the base for opening and closing moving means for rotating the hatch around one or more hinges, locking means for blocking the hatch in its closed position relative to the base, at least one mechanical closure for blocking the hatch in its maximum open position, the smoke exhaust device comprising at least one a release device for causing movement of the mechanical closure prior to commencement of the lid closure by the moving means, wherein at least one mechanical closure is interposed between the lid and the base; wherein control means are provided for acting on the at least one release means and the movement means.

Preferably, the at least one mechanical closure comprises a rod which is pivotally connected to the lid at the end by means of a pin and whose opposite end is free and abuts on a stop element attached to the base when the lid is fully opened, the free end of the rod being provided with a L to cooperate with at least one release device adapted to rotate the rods around the pin to release it from the action against the stop member before the hatch is rotated by the moving means for closing it relative to the base.

The release device preferably consists of a pneumatic actuating cylinder attached to the base, which is provided with a shaft for interacting with the L-shaped extension of the mechanical lock rod.

The smoke exhaust device of the present invention is preferably provided with locking means for preventing rotation of the hatch when closing, comprising at least one telescopic shock absorber, the end of which is rotatably connected to the hatch moving means, the opposite end of which is rotatably connected to the base.

Advantageously, the moving means comprise an articulated joint and a pneumatic actuating cylinder which are mechanically connected to one another and which are located between the base and the lid, at

The articulated joint comprises a plurality of pairs of tie rods, located two adjacent to each other and divided as follows:

a first pair of draw bars, each of which is pivotally connected to a base at one end, and at the other end pivotally connected to a pneumatic control cylinder body, the end of the pneumatic control cylinder rod being secured to the hatch; with a hatch near the articulated hinges at one end, the other end being pivotally connected to the corresponding end of the corresponding rod belonging to the third pair of rods, each being pivotally connected to the base at the opposite end at the same point where the end of the corresponding the rods of the first pair of rods, the fourth pair of rods, each of which is pivotally connected to an intermediate point of the corresponding rod of the other pair of rods at one end, and at the opposite end is pivotally connected to an intermediate point of the first pair of rods.

Preferably, the securing means comprises a rod disposed transversely on the hatch and supported at its ends by a pair of carriers in which it is rotatably mounted, a pair of beaks each connected respectively to one end of the rod, a protruding element fixed to the rod in its middle the protruding element being connected by means of a connecting rod to a lever which is pivotally connected to a support fixed to the hatch and connected to the end of the pneumatic actuating rod, to a pair of snap lugs belonging to the base, each snap lug being designed to receive one beaks in the closed state of the hatch relative to the base.

Preferably, the hatch and base are connected to each other and pivotally by means of one or more hinges, each associated with the hatch and attached to a frame which is further attached to its own hatch, and further associated to the base, and attached to a counterframe attached further. to the actual base, the frame in its central position carrying a cross piece to which the mechanical elements belonging to the moving means are mechanically attached.

Preferably, the moving means and the at least one release device consist of at least one pneumatic actuating cylinder connected automatically to a circuit powered by carbon dioxide to open the hatch in the event of a fire and alternatively supplied by manually compressed air to open and close the hatch to ventilate the room.

According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lid of the smoke extraction device consists of a metal frame attached to the counterframe attached to the base, the metal frame being provided with a translucent dome allowing daylight to enter the room.

Both the release mechanism and the lid movement means are remotely operable by means of a remote control.

If the mechanical hatch closure is remotely unlocked in its maximum open position, the smoke extraction device can also advantageously be used as a ventilation device for air exchange in the room.

-3GB 293096 B6

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing purposes and advantages will be more readily understood by reference to the following description of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, which will be given for a better understanding but not limitation, and which will be accompanied by the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Fig. 1 is an axonometric view of the smoke exhaust device of the present invention positioned in an open position;

Fig. 2 shows a smoke exhaust device according to the present invention having the hatch positioned in its closed position;

Figures 3 and 4 show a smoke exhaust device according to the invention, during opening of the hatch, the hatch being shown in two different positions;

Fig. 5 shows a smoke exhaust device according to the present invention with the hatch positioned in the fully open position;

/ Fig. 6 shows a detailed view of the mechanical hatch closure system in a position just before the hatch is fully opened;

Fig. 7 is a detailed view of the mechanical closure system when the hatch is fully open;

Fig. 8 is a front view of the mechanical hatch closure system in the position of Fig. 7;

Figure 9 is a front view of the mechanical hatch closure system in the position of Figure 8;

Fig. 10 is a front view of the mechanical hatch closure system shown in Fig. 9 in a position where the release device will unlock as soon as possible;

FIG. 11 is a detailed view of the supply line for conveying the pressurized fluid to the pneumatic cylinders to effect the hatch movement and release the mechanical closure system;

Fig. 12 is an axonometric view of details of the hatch locking and release means with respect to the counterframe;

Fig. 13 is a side view of details of the hatch locking and release means shown in Fig. 12;

Fig. 14 is a side view of the hatch secured to the counterframe by locking and release means.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

As can be seen in Fig. 1, the smoke exhaust device J according to the present invention comprises:

a base 2 which delimits or defines an opening 3 formed in the structure of the building, which opening 3 connects one or more rooms of the building to the external environment;

a rub 120 secured to the base 2 at its respective periphery;

a hatch 4 defined by a frame 140, which is connected along its perimeter to said counterframe 120 by hinges 5;

Movement means 6 capable of rotating the hatch 4 around the hinges 5 to open and close the device 1 and thereby the opening 3;

locking means 7, some of which belong to the frame 140 of the cover 4 and some belonging to the counter frame 120, these locking means 7 are intended to secure the cover 4 against the counter frame 120 when the cover 4 is closed.

As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 6 to 10, the smoke exhaust device 1 is provided with a mechanical closure 8, which is substantially included in the moving means 6. This mechanical closure 8 is intended to block the hatch 4 if the lid 4 reaches its maximum open position, as shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 7, thereby preventing accidental closure of the lid 4 caused, for example, by wind.

With respect to movement to open and close the hatch 4, the movement means 6 comprise an articulated joint 160, which consists of a plurality of pairs of rods or lever rods arranged two and two side by side, and a pneumatic actuating cylinder 260, the pneumatic actuating cylinder 260 are connected to each other and located between the counterframe 120 of the base 2 and the cover 4.

2 to 5, the articulated joint 160 comprises:

a first pair of rods 360, each of which is pivotally connected to the base 2 at one end 361 and to the body 261 of the pneumatic actuator 260 at the other end 362; the end 262 of the rod 263 of the pneumatic actuator 260 is pivotally connected to a cross piece 42 belonging to the frame 140 of the cover 4;

a second pair of rods 460, each of which is pivotally connected to the cross piece 42 of the hatch 4 at one end 461 and corresponding end 561 of the respective rod belonging to the third pair of rods 560, at the opposite end 462, each pivotally connected to the base 2 at the opposite end 562, in accordance with the same position, wherein the end 361 of the respective rod of the first pair of rods 360 has a pivotal connection;

a fourth pair of rods 660, each of which is pivotally connected to an intermediate point on a corresponding rod of a second pair of rods 460 at one end 661, the opposite end 662 being pivotally connected to an intermediate point on a corresponding rod of the first pair of rods 360.

As can be seen in FIG. 2, when the hatch 4 is closed, it is secured to the base 2 by means of the aforementioned locking means 7 which, as can be seen in FIGS. 12, 13 and 14, consist of a pair of beaks 71 attached to the ends of the bar 72 disposed transversely on the lid 4, each of these beaks 71 being hooked into a respective engagement eye 78 belonging to the frame 140.

The bar 72 is supported by a pair of carriers 73 and is provided with a protruding element 74 positioned substantially centrally. The protruding element 74 is connected via a connecting rod 75 to a lever 76 which is pivotally connected to a support 77 fixed to the cross piece 42 of the cover 4, and is also connected to the end 262 of the rod 263 of the pneumatic actuator 260.

With respect to the pneumatic actuating cylinder 260, it can be seen from Figures 1 and 8 that the supply path of its positive chamber is connected at the end 461 through the first conduit 269 to the first manifold 264. while the supply path of its negative chamber at the end 561, it is connected via a second line 369 to a second manifold 364.

-5GB 293096 B6

The manifolds 264 and 364 are connected via fixed connections 268 and 368 to a distribution center (not shown in the drawings) which is supplied with pressurized CO ₂ by means of the first distribution means, also not shown in the drawings.

In the event of a fire, the special sensors located in the rooms of the building instruct the distribution means to allow carbon dioxide to flow to the first distribution line 269 which, via said first distribution line 264 and via the supply path at end 461, feeds the positive chamber of the pneumatic control cylinder 260. causing the rod 263 of the pneumatic actuator 260 to move outwardly, thereby opening the hatch 4.

In fact, before the bar 263 begins to move, its end 262, by means of the lever 76, the connecting rod 75 and the bar 72, releases the beaks 71 from the engaging eyes 78 and initiates lifting of the lid 4 under the pressure of the articulated joint 160.

of

The pressure of the pneumatic control cylinder 260 and the rotation of the articulated joint 160 in the anti-clockwise direction 161 will cause the cover 4 to assume all the positions shown in FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 until it reaches its maximum open position, which 5, in which position the mechanical closure 8 then causes the hatch 4 to be locked in its reached position.

As can be seen in particular in Figures 7, 8 and 9, said mechanical closure 8 comprises a rod 81 pivotally connected to the cross piece 42 of the lid 4 at the corresponding end 83 by means of a pin 82. Opposite end 84 of the rod 81, on the other hand, is free, and when the hatch 4 is in the fully open position as shown in FIG. 7, this end 84 snaps against a stop member 85 that is attached to the base 2. More specifically, the stop member 85 is a fork, to which the end 91 of the shock absorber 9 is fixed, the opposite end 92 of which is rotatably connected to the first rods 360 by means of a pin 93.

It should be pointed out here that the mechanical closure 8 prevents the hatch 4 from rotating around the hinges or joints 5 and thus also prevents it from being accidentally closed as prescribed by the relevant safety regulations.

In order to re-open and close the smoke exhaust device 1 from a remote location in order to use the device 1 as a common aeration or ventilation device, the mechanical shutter 8 must be removed by remote control and the pneumatic actuator cylinder 260 supplied with compressed air. or compressed carbon dioxide of CO _2.

To this end, the same distribution system to which the manifolds 264 and 364 are connected by means of second distribution means, not shown in the drawings, is equally powered by the compressed air distribution system.

The end 84 of the rod 81 is provided with an L-shaped extension 86 which can be seen in more detail in Figs. 8, 9 and 10. At least one locking device 150, consisting of a pneumatic actuating cylinder, cooperates with the L-shaped extension 86. 100, attached to the base 2 and provided with a shaft 101 which cooperates with an L-shaped extension 86.

More specifically, the pneumatic actuator cylinder 100, as can be clearly seen from the figure, is fed by a conduit 102 that is derived from a manifold 364 that powers the pneumatic actuator cylinder 260.

If the operator wishes to open the hatch 4 of the smoke exhaust device 1 according to the invention, he will actuate the control device, which may be, for example, a switch which is in the off position. Hereby

In this manner, said second distribution means is operable to supply compressed air to the supply circuit of the pneumatic control cylinder 260, thereby allowing the rod 263 of the pneumatic control cylinder 260 to exit, causing the hatch 4 to open.

Thus, the operator performs through a manual remote control and using pressurized air the same opening control of the cover 4 which in case of fire is performed automatically by actuating the pneumatic actuator 260 of compressed carbon dioxide of CO _2.

In order to close the hatch 4, the operator switches the switch, which represents the control device, and in this way the first manifold 264 is brought to a relieved position, while the second manifold 364 is simultaneously supplied with compressed air. The compressed air that flows through the second manifold 364 first feeds the pneumatic actuator cylinder 100 because it is located in a position that is very close to the second manifold 364.

Since said pneumatic control cylinder 100 represents a much smaller volume than the pneumatic control cylinder 260 that moves the hatch 4, the compressed air immediately fills the pneumatic control cylinder 100 prior to supplying the negative chamber of the pneumatic control cylinder 260, causing the stem 101 to exit. outwards. This shaft 101 acts against the L-shaped extension 86 of the rod 81, and as shown in FIG. 10, rotates it about the pin 82 so that it disengages from the stop member 85 before the pneumatic actuator 260 initiates the lid closing operation. 4.

Thereafter, the compressed air feeds the pneumatic control cylinder 260, thus initiating the action of the rod 263 of the pneumatic control cylinder 260 causing the cover 4 to rotate counterclockwise in direction 161, which is supported by the articulation until the cover 4 is fully closed. 2, with the beaks 71 hooked into the locking lugs 78. During closing, the rotation of the hatch is slowed by the shock absorber 9.

Taking into account all of the above, it will be understood that the smoke exhaust device 1 of the present invention fulfills predetermined purposes.

In particular, it has been tested that the mechanical closure 8 that locks the hatch 4 in its maximum open position can be unlocked by means of a hand-held remote control by the action of the appropriate operator. With the aid of a similar remote control, the same hatch 4 can be reopened and these operations can be performed repeatedly.

It follows that the manual control of the opening and closing of the cover 4 is complementary to the actual capacities of the device 1, which is intended to automatically open the cover 4 in the event of fire, so that the device 1 according to the invention can also be used as a ventilation device. in addition to its function as a smoke and heat removal device 1 in the event of a fire.

The possibility of using the device 1 as a ventilation device, and thus the possibility of frequent opening and closing, advantageously makes it possible to detect deficiencies in its operation in a timely manner. In this way it is possible to detect hidden defects which otherwise cannot be detected without opening and closing the cover 4, even before the cover 4 has to be opened automatically in the event of a fire.

Preferably, a translucent dome 45 may be attached to the lid frame 140 to allow daylight to enter the room.

It can be seen in the figures that the articulated joint 160, unlike the articulated joints contained in known devices, which generally consist essentially of a articulated triangle, consists of

-7EN 293096 B6 from several linkages, rods or levers which are connected to each other and which cooperate with the hatch, frame and base to which they are attached. This makes it possible to achieve a much more powerful function in a given hatch 4 than in known devices having the same dimensions.

It is evident that during the manufacture of the smoke exhaust device of the present invention, any shape and size can be applied, and the device may also be provided with a translucent dome which may have any shape.

Another preferred embodiment of the present invention may consist of a hatch provided with a flat and not a translucent closure surface.

In a different preferred embodiment, the smoke exhaust device 1 may then be equipped with more than one pneumatic actuating cylinder which performs opening and closing of the lid 4, or may be provided with such movable lid means 4 which, although having substantially the same geometry of construction, consist of a different number of rods, bars or levers.

In addition, different articulated, hooking and locking means that lock the lid 4 in its closed position may be used differently in different embodiments of the present invention.

Concerning the pneumatic circuit and thus the entire pipeline, and then drives obecně..veškeré connections and connections of the pneumatic cylinder and the compressed carbon dioxide CO ₂ and also the compressed air system, belonging to well-known techniques can be performed on different with different shapes from those described here.

Likewise, the mechanical closure 8 that locks the lid 4 in its maximum open position can be made in a manner different from that described above.

Claims (8)

A smoke exhaust device (1) comprising a base (2) defining an opening (3), provided in a building structure for connecting the interior of one or more rooms to the external environment, a hatch (4) provided with one or more articulated joints hinges (5) mounted on the base (2) for opening and closing, moving means (6) for rotating the hatch (4) about one or more hinges (5), locking means (7) for blocking the hatch (4) in its closed position with respect to the base (2), at least one mechanical closure (8) for blocking the hatch (4) in its maximum open position, the smoke exhaust device (1) comprising at least one release means (150) for moving a mechanical closure (8) prior to commencing the closure of the hatch (4) by the moving means (6), 293096 B6, characterized in that at least one mechanical closure (8) is interposed between the hatch (4) and the base (2), wherein control means are provided for acting on the at least one release device (150) and the movement means (6) . Smoke extraction device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the at least one mechanical closure (8) comprises a rod (81) which is pivotally connected to the hatch (4) at the end (83) by means of a pin (82) and whose opposite end (84) is free and abuts when the hatch (4) is fully opened on a stop element (85) attached to the base (2), the free end (84) of the rod (81) being provided with an extension (86) L-shaped for cooperation with at least one release device (150) adapted to rotate the rods (81) around the pin (82) to release it from the action of the stop element (85) before the lid (4) is rotated by the moving means (6) its closure with respect to the base (2). Smoke extraction device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the release device (150) consists of a pneumatic actuating cylinder (100) attached to the base (2), which is provided with a shaft (101) for interacting with the extension piece. (86) an L-shaped bar (81) of the mechanical closure (8). Smoke extraction device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that it has locking means for preventing rotation of the cover (4) upon closing thereof, comprising at least one telescopic shock absorber (9), the end of which (92) is pivotally connected to the movable means (6) of the lid (4), its opposite end (91) being pivotally connected to the base (2). Smoke extraction device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the moving means (6) comprise an articulated joint (160) and a pneumatic actuating cylinder (260) which are mechanically connected to each other and which are located between the base (2) and a hatch (4), the articulated joint (160) comprising a plurality of pairs of draw bars, arranged side by side and separated by two pairs of draw bars (360), respectively, each pivotably connected to the base (2) at one end (361), and at the other end (362) pivotally connected to the body (261) of the pneumatic actuating cylinder (260), the end (262) of the rod (263) of the pneumatic actuating cylinder (260) being attached to the cover (4); a pair of rods (460), each of which is pivotally connected to the hatch (4) near the hinges (5) at one end (461), and at the opposite end (462) is pivotally connected to the corresponding end (561) of the corresponding rod, extending to a third pair of rods (560), each of which is pivotally connected to the base (2) at the opposite end (562) at the same point at which the end (361) of the corresponding rod of the first pair of rods (360) is rotatably coupled; rods (660), each of which is pivotally connected to an intermediate point of the corresponding rod of the second pair of rods (460) at one end (661), and at the opposite end (662) is pivotally connected to the intermediate point of the first pair of rods (360). Smoke extraction device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking means (7) comprise a rod (72) disposed transversely on the cover (4) and supported at its ends by a pair of supports (73) in which pivotally mounted, a pair of beaks (71) each connected to one end of the bar (72), 293096 B6 a protruding element (74) secured to the rod (72) in the middle portion thereof, the protruding element (74) being connected via a connecting rod (75) to a lever (76) which is pivotally connected to the support (77) ) attached to the hatch (4) and connected to the end (262) of the rod (263) of the pneumatic actuating cylinder (260), a pair of engaging eyes (78) belonging to the base (2), each engaging eye (78) being receiving one of the beaks (71) in the closed state of the hatch (4) with respect to the base (2). Smoke extraction device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the hatch (4) and the base (2) are connected to each other and pivotably by means of one or more hinges (5), each associated with the hatch (4). and is attached to the frame (140), which is further attached to its own hatch (4), and further to the base (2), and is attached to a counter frame (120) attached further to the actual base (2), ) in its central position carries a cross piece (42) to which the mechanical elements associated with the moving means (6) are mechanically attached. Smoke extraction device (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the moving means (6) and the at least one release device (150) consist of at least one pneumatic actuating cylinder (260, 100) connected automatically to a circuit supplied with power. Carbon dioxide for opening the hatch (4) in case of fire, and alternatively supplied with manually compressed air for opening and closing the hatch (4) for ventilation of the room concerned.