CZ285585B6 - Ester oxidovaného polyethylenového vosku a jeho použití jako maziva v plastických tvářecích hmotách - Google Patents
Ester oxidovaného polyethylenového vosku a jeho použití jako maziva v plastických tvářecích hmotách Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CZ285585B6 CZ285585B6 CS92342A CS34292A CZ285585B6 CZ 285585 B6 CZ285585 B6 CZ 285585B6 CS 92342 A CS92342 A CS 92342A CS 34292 A CS34292 A CS 34292A CZ 285585 B6 CZ285585 B6 CZ 285585B6
- Authority
- CZ
- Czechia
- Prior art keywords
- ester
- koh
- polyethylene wax
- lubricant
- oxidized polyethylene
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 235000013873 oxidized polyethylene wax Nutrition 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000004209 oxidized polyethylene wax Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000009757 thermoplastic moulding Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 239000000206 moulding compound Substances 0.000 title 2
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012760 heat stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003223 protective agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000003490 calendering Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000004415 thermoplastic moulding composition Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 14
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 6
- LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butanol Chemical class CCCCO LRHPLDYGYMQRHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N caprylic alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 2
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptanol Chemical class CCCCCCCO BBMCTIGTTCKYKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004358 Butane-1, 3-diol Substances 0.000 description 1
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004605 External Lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pentanol Chemical class CCCCCO AMQJEAYHLZJPGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWFGDXZQZYMSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Octadecansaeure-heptadecylester Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC GWFGDXZQZYMSMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012042 active reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019437 butane-1,3-diol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HGQSXVKHVMGQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioctyltin Chemical compound CCCCCCCC[Sn]CCCCCCCC HGQSXVKHVMGQRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003623 enhancer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexan-1-ol Chemical class CCCCCCO ZSIAUFGUXNUGDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006082 mold release agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012170 montan wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010137 moulding (plastic) Methods 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-octadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC NKBWPOSQERPBFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
- B29C33/56—Coatings, e.g. enameled or galvanised; Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
- B29C33/60—Releasing, lubricating or separating agents
- B29C33/62—Releasing, lubricating or separating agents based on polymers or oligomers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M7/00—Solid or semi-solid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single solid or semi-solid substances
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/14—Esterification
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Pens And Brushes (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4103611 | 1991-02-07 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS34292A3 CS34292A3 (en) | 1992-08-12 |
| CZ285585B6 true CZ285585B6 (cs) | 1999-09-15 |
Family
ID=6424506
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS92342A CZ285585B6 (cs) | 1991-02-07 | 1992-02-06 | Ester oxidovaného polyethylenového vosku a jeho použití jako maziva v plastických tvářecích hmotách |
Country Status (12)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0498417B2 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JPH04328108A (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR920016585A (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE132422T1 (enExample) |
| AU (1) | AU642071B2 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BR9200403A (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2060772A1 (enExample) |
| CZ (1) | CZ285585B6 (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE59204871D1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2083602T5 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW197978B (enExample) |
| ZA (1) | ZA92860B (enExample) |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19606171C1 (de) * | 1996-02-20 | 1997-05-22 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Verfahren zum Einpressen eines überdimensionierten Ringes aus einem gummielastisch verformbaren, polymeren Werkstoff in einen Ringspalt zwischen zwei metallischen Maschinenteilen |
| JPH09290424A (ja) * | 1996-04-26 | 1997-11-11 | Hoechst Ind Kk | 離型剤組成物 |
| DE19860174A1 (de) | 1998-12-24 | 2000-06-29 | Clariant Gmbh | Polymeroxidate und ihre Verwendung |
| AU3695900A (en) * | 1999-02-22 | 2000-09-14 | Standard Oil Company, The | Lubricants for melt processable multipolymers of acrylonitrile and olefinically unsaturated monomers |
| US20100279903A1 (en) * | 2009-04-30 | 2010-11-04 | Honeywell International Inc. | Metal Salts Of Oxidized Low Molecular Byproduct Polyethylene As Lubricants For PVC |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3427883A1 (de) * | 1984-07-28 | 1986-01-30 | Hüls AG, 4370 Marl | Gleitmittel fuer die kunststoff-verarbeitung |
-
1992
- 1992-01-29 TW TW081100684A patent/TW197978B/zh active
- 1992-02-05 JP JP4020224A patent/JPH04328108A/ja active Pending
- 1992-02-06 CZ CS92342A patent/CZ285585B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-02-06 DE DE59204871T patent/DE59204871D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1992-02-06 ES ES92101978T patent/ES2083602T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-06 AU AU10740/92A patent/AU642071B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1992-02-06 BR BR929200403A patent/BR9200403A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1992-02-06 CA CA002060772A patent/CA2060772A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1992-02-06 AT AT92101978T patent/ATE132422T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-02-06 EP EP92101978A patent/EP0498417B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-07 KR KR1019920001735A patent/KR920016585A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1992-02-07 ZA ZA92860A patent/ZA92860B/xx unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CS34292A3 (en) | 1992-08-12 |
| EP0498417B2 (de) | 1998-12-09 |
| BR9200403A (pt) | 1992-10-13 |
| ATE132422T1 (de) | 1996-01-15 |
| AU1074092A (en) | 1992-08-13 |
| EP0498417A2 (de) | 1992-08-12 |
| EP0498417B1 (de) | 1996-01-03 |
| AU642071B2 (en) | 1993-10-07 |
| CA2060772A1 (en) | 1992-08-08 |
| KR920016585A (ko) | 1992-09-25 |
| ES2083602T5 (es) | 1999-05-01 |
| TW197978B (enExample) | 1993-01-11 |
| DE59204871D1 (de) | 1996-02-15 |
| ES2083602T3 (es) | 1996-04-16 |
| JPH04328108A (ja) | 1992-11-17 |
| ZA92860B (en) | 1992-10-28 |
| EP0498417A3 (en) | 1993-01-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| IF00 | In force as of 2000-06-30 in czech republic | ||
| MM4A | Patent lapsed due to non-payment of fee |
Effective date: 20010206 |