CZ20023645A3 - Structure for pre-assembled bathroom and method of installation of the bathroom - Google Patents

Abstract

Structure of bathroom for installation in a room intended for use as a bathroom including a multiplicity of covering panels (1, 2, 3) produced to measure for the continuous lining of at least a part of the walls and the floor of the room to be installed and a multiplicity of sanitary components or modules (4, 5, 6, 7) each predisposed with its own support structure and with its own tubes (41, 51, 61, 71) ready to be interconnected reciprocally and to be connected to hydraulic conducts of the room to be installed (100, 101) in such a way as to complete the hydraulic circuit of the bathroom; floor, ceiling and wall structures for a pre-assembled bathroom; method for installing a floor structure for pre-assembled bathroom and a method for the production and installation in a room of a complete pre-assembled bathroom including the phases of: produce panels of covering, factory produced to measure for the walls of the room; produce the self-bearing sanitary components provided with tubes and joints predisposed to be reciprocally connected and then connected up to the tubes of the room; installation of said panels and of said components without mural intervention or traditional constructions.

Description

Design for pre-assembled bathroom and bathroom installation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of construction and installation of bathrooms for hotel buildings, for home use or for offices. In particular, the present invention relates to complete pre-assembled structures for bathrooms that can be installed quickly and economically for new construction as well as for the renovation of rooms used for bathrooms in hotels or other buildings.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Today, in order to realize a complete bathroom, it takes many hours of work and the participation of ¹⁵ experienced workers from various fields, such as plumbers, masons, electricians, and so on.

These claims require a lot of time and therefore a relatively high cost, taking into account in particular the fact that

For example, for a hotel, for example, the days lost for refurbishment directly imply lost hotel occupancy.

In addition, the need to coordinate different workers and plan work does not always produce satisfactory finish quality in relation to the costs involved.

The object of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the known type of prefabricated bathroom construction and to design a bathroom with easy and quick installation, which can also be performed by untrained labor.

A second object of the invention is to provide bathrooms with a high quality finish, without limiting the prefabricated product in range or quality, and which can be installed on site without the need for experienced workforce.

* The third objective is to enable installation cost savings as a result of better cost management.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The above objects are achieved by the present invention by realizing a pre-assembled bathroom structure complete in all its necessary components, such as plumbing, electrical and also cladding.

The tiles (walls, floor and, if desired, ceiling) are preferably in the form of continuous slabs or panels, factory-made to size, of marble or other suitable material.

According to the present invention, prefabricated panels to be placed in the corners are preferably capable

2Q slide each other in order to correct a possible error in their dimensions relative to the actual dimensions of the room or the components of the installed bathroom.

Once the desired tiling finish has been achieved, the panels can be connected to each other and fixed to the wall by adjustable length fixtures, which in this case may allow easy removal of one or more panels to allow revision of bathroom water or electrical systems.

Sanitary components (such as a toilet unit,

O f) bath, toilet tub, hydromassage) are pre-located with their

the supporting structure and with the pipes ready to be connected to each other to close the bathroom water circuit, which is then to be connected to the existing pipes of the riser and the waste in the room without the need for further intervention, such as in the electrical system.

Floors and ceilings can be factory pre-installed to be installed on site, but again, the dimensions are relatively flexible to accommodate the final requirements of the on-site installation.

Truly different from other prefabricated systems, according to another aspect of the present invention, customized floor and ceiling structures are realized, but all parts can slide one on top of the other to accommodate the final dimensional requirements, vertical and horizontal walls and floors or ceilings and used independently of each other as in conventional traditional constructions.

Exactly:

floors are installed first traditionally or 20 upside down as defined later, and walls are installed on the finished floor so that they can slide on top when required.

The present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing, pre-assembling and installing a complete bathroom as well as a floor structure and a ceiling structure.

The advantages achieved essentially lie in the fact that it is possible to install a turnkey ball completely without the need of experienced workers to perform masonry work or, for marble cladding, without the intervention of a marble cutter or without the intervention of a plumber, and with minimal

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The design of the bathroom can be done in the factory, manually or with the help of computer tools.

The second advantage lies in the possibility of defining in the factory the dimensions, specifications and materials of the bathroom to be assembled and then correcting possible errors on site without the intervention of experienced workers.

Wall panels, when made of marble or granite or other natural stone, are large solid stone slabs that are both a structural component and a finish.

A third advantage lies in the improved surface finish achieved by the cladding.

A fourth advantage is essentially the elimination of visible joints.

The fifth advantage is that no preparatory masonry is required, only assembly, no room adjustment is required in the room where the bathroom is to be installed, which allows for reduced installation time on site and minimal interference (noise, dust, etc.) or damage to the hotel or residential building.

The sixth advantage lies in the possibility to assemble very regular and continuous flat surfaces with minimal maintenance and cleaning problems.

The seventh advantage is that it is possible to easily and quickly inspect the water parts of the components that remain accessible by removing one or more of the covering panels.

• ·

.... ₅ .

Another advantage is the perfect quality of all parts manufactured in the factory so that a high level of precision can be achieved while maintaining a high quality finish. In fact, no cutting, polishing, gluing or fastening of components is needed on site.

In the case of ceramic tiles, the tiles are applied to a backing or panel (such as aluminum honeycomb or gypsum board) at the factory, allowing all parts of the tile to be cut by the factory equipment to achieve perfect joints, which is usually very difficult to achieve on site.

In particular, the outer corners of the present invention are preformed in the factory, which allows perfect alignment.

If the panels are made of marble (or other natural stone), a thickness of 2 cm or less for floor and side wall panels is sufficient to achieve both the design function and the finish function. In fact, the bathroom components can be fixed using the same material (marble) and placed on the floor with their full weight, eliminating any design failure in the future. For example, a bathroom toilet unit can be placed on two or three vertical marble side panels. This allows for a fast fixture a fast fixture with a simple side positioning and does not require in-place fixation, use of building material on site, and special on-site work so that only any untrained labor can be utilized.

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These and other advantages will be better understood by reading the following description of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Fig. 1 shows a top exploded view of the bathroom according to the present invention;

Fig. 2 shows a top view of the bathroom of Fig. 1 with the installation completed;

Figure 3 shows standard components purchased according to the invention with pre-positioned pipes for installation;

Figures 4 to 7 show top views of the individual components of Figure 3;

Giant. 8 schematically shows a top view of a bathroom structure according to the invention;

Figures 8a to 8m show the installation procedure from step 1 to step 22 of the wall panels and other components of the bathroom structure of Figure 8;

Giant. 9 shows a detail of a first embodiment of the invention illustrating adjustable means of the wall panel clamping means;

9a and 9B illustrate a cross-sectional view and a front view, respectively, of a second embodiment of the invention illustrating the adjustable means of the wall panel clamping means;

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Giant. 10, 10a and 10b show a cross-sectional view of a detail of this cross-sectional view and a top view, respectively, of a floor structure according to the invention;

Fig. 10c shows another embodiment of a floor structure according to the invention;

Fig. 10d and Fig. 10e show yet another embodiment of a floor structure according to the invention;

Fig. 11 schematically illustrates the mutual placement of wall panels installed by the method of the invention;

Fig. 12 shows a prefabricated wall structure provided with telescopic bars T according to the invention;

Fig. 13 shows a ceiling structure according to the invention;

14a and 14b show the pre-assembled walls of Fig. 12 before and after installation, respectively;

Fig. 15 shows a toilet tank unit according to the invention with removable cladding panels for inspection;

16 schematically shows wall panels according to the invention having connection means.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to the accompanying drawings with Figures 1 to 7, a pre-assembled bathroom according to the invention comprises: a plurality of paneling panels, i.e., wall panels 1, for example; .... g.

floor panels 2 and, if a ceiling is required (e.g. in the bathrooms of a hotel building) ceiling panels, and a number of accessories, e.g. a toilet unit 4, a bath 5 with a water tap set 6 and a toilet tank

7.

In particular, as shown in Fig. 2, the cladding wall panels may be joined to each other in a traditional manner or by using connecting plates 8 and 9 in such a way that the plates enter and are hidden behind an adjacent panel (see Fig. 16). Preferably, the panels 9 of the adjacent panels are in alternating positions so as not to interfere with each other.

During assembly, the panels integral with the panel are fixed to the wall by conventional screws, while the panels of an adjacent panel may be interposed between the panel and the wall and thus be locked.

In the case of corner panels 1, the panels of one of the two adjacent panels may be L-shaped in such a way that the panels 9 of the second panel are inserted and are hidden between the side surfaces of the first panel and the wall.

According to another aspect of the invention, Fig. 11 schematically illustrates the relative position of the corner panels and their position after adjustment (illustrated by dashed lines) that may be required due to possible deviation from the measured dimensions and actual dimensions of the room to be installed or the part to be included.

The panels of FIG. 11 are adjustable because they can slide one after the other. In other words, the panels, although made to size as in the drawings, can slide one after the other, thereby forming smaller ones in this way. and a smaller room.

For example, the installation of a toilet unit 4 may be envisaged. 8 and 8a to 8m.

In this case, the width ^{of the} toilet unit 4 is greater than the space available between the lateral panels denoted 10 and RLL - see Fig. 81, step 20 is gradual.

By means of the present invention it is possible to move the panel R11 so that the panel is displaced by the necessary distance along the wall panel R12 in the direction of the arrows. Alternatively, the assembly consisting of panels R11 and R12 could also be fixedly displaced such that panel R12 slides past panel R13.

Then (see FIG. 8m - step 21), the unit 4 'may be inserted 15, after which this panel set

R11 and R12 are displaced to contact the unit 4 '(see step 22).

Thus, it is clear that the present invention allows an inexperienced user to completely install bathroom parts and panels with high precision without the need for cutting and other difficult operations.

According to another aspect of the present invention, a floor structure is described.

In a first preferred technical solution and in particular with reference to Fig. 10c, the panels 2 may be formed with self-supporting adjustable supports. The abutments consist of plates 28 provided with screws 29 for regulating the action of a pre-existing floor 50. The adjustment is made according to the desired level of support of the panels 2.

Φ fl · · φ ·

...

During installation, the side of the first panel 2 is mounted on a rigid counterpart R and supported along the second side by two or more plates 28 fastened with conventional screws 27. Through the plate 28 the pressure screw 29 is screwed down to adjust to the desired level. The second panel 2 is then laid sideways on the plate 28 (if necessary, cavities 200 may be preformed to accommodate the head of the screw 29) and laid down by the other side on the next plate 28, and so it is possible to continue until the cladding is completed.

According to a second preferred technical solution of the invention and with reference in particular to Figures 10, 10a and 10b, the floor panels 2 according to the invention can be provided with self-supporting adjustable supports. These abutments consist of plates 280 that can be rotated on a horizontal plane since they are pivotally attached to the floor 50 by means of a vertical pivot 200. The plates 280 are provided with support disks 201 integral with the adjusting screws 290 and acting between the floor panels 2 and the pre-existing floor. 50 to adjust to the desired level of panel support 2.

During installation, the panels 2 are mounted on a plurality of disks 201 preferably aligned with the sides of adjacent panels so that each disk carries both adjacent panels 2 to ensure a uniform height of the panels 2 above the floor 50.

Possible misalignment of the disks 201 can be corrected by rotating the plates 280 around the pivot 200.

Alternatively, according to the third embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 10d and 10e, the adjustable supports for the panels 2 may consist of single bolts 110 and nuts 111 that are ". "

9 9 · ·

9 9 9 9 ·

9

9999 JI · · ·· 9 9 9

9 9 9

9

9

99 99 99 located in the margins of the marble or granite floor panel 2 and allow adjustment when another panel should be installed.

In all the cases described above, it may be considered appropriate that the bolts and nuts are shared by a second panel to provide a perfectly adjacent floor surface.

In all of the above-described floor constructions, it is preferable that later a thin liquid mortar is poured down through the pouring channel 121 until the gap 120 between the panels 2 and the floor 50 is completely filled.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the method of installing a floor structure, preferably using panels 2, comprises the following steps:

a) fastening to the floor 50 a plurality of adjustable abutments preferably aligned according to lines corresponding to the sides of the floor panels 2 to be laid;

b) installing the first panel 2;

c) adjusting the level of the first panel by acting on the panel support adjusting means;

d) adjusting the position of one or more supports, if necessary;

(e) placing, if necessary on a laterally aligned support, floor panels adjacent to the panel already installed;

f) pouring non-shrinkable liquid cement into the gap between the panels 2 and the surfaces 50 underneath in such a way as to improve the uniformity of the support.

9 «9 ·· 9

9 · 9 · 9

9 9 ···· 17

9 · 9 9 9 ·

9

9 9 9 9 9

9 9 9 9 9

999 99 99

The mortar or cement may, for example, be poured from the side of the last panel 2 located near the wall of the room, or may be pumped in larger areas.

Alternatively, using the same system, grids (metal or plastic) suitable as support for ceramic tiles may be applied instead of panels 2.

Advantageously and irrespective of the regularity of the surface 50, this solution allows for accurate flooring without the intervention of a trained and experienced workforce for the traditional performance of the substrate and subsequent laying of the tile.

Advantageously, in the case of marble floor panels for relatively large areas (2 m x 2 m and larger), the present construction and method allow to achieve high quality eliminating the risk of panel breakage due to the substantially complete support provided by cement poured under the marble panels.

A further advantage is that large marble panels can be installed to provide flat surfaces and eliminate the need for final polishing on site as in the traditional process.

Yet another advantage is that marble panels of any size can be installed by an inexperienced and untrained workforce.

Yet another advantage is that the floor structure is structurally robust, so that it is possible to walk on the panels immediately after installation and also before pouring cement down.

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Obviously, the floor structure and installation described have been described with reference to the bathroom, but that the same solution can be applied to any floor structure, for example, floor structures in airports, hotel halls and the like.

In the case of ceiling panels 3, if a ceiling is required, the installation can be carried out by installing panels 3, assembled with any electrical wiring, on the side panels i.

Advantageously, the dimensions of the panels 1, 2, 3 are already pre-scheduled according to the dimensions measured in the room and for the arrangement of the installation and thus allow complete lining in a short time with an improved level of finish.

According to another aspect of the present invention, illustrated by way of example in Fig. 13, the ceiling structure is described as follows.

The ceiling panels 3 are pre-assembled with large sheets of traditional gypsum board or aluminum honeycomb board, both of which are structurally self-supporting, and contain any lighting system and coating.

In the case of a gypsum board, a number of sheets needed for lining the ceiling will be prepared at the factory with steel columns 33 (which are used to divide 25 gypsum walls within load-bearing structures or with aluminum profiles glued and mechanically fastened along the ceiling panels to hold them The ends of the posts 33 can then be mounted on the wall panels 1 so that the panels 3 are self-supporting instead of being suspended from the ceiling.

as is the case with traditional decorative ceilings also known as suspended ceilings.

The above-described ceiling construction has the following advantages:

very easy and precise installation because the panels are simply placed on the edge of the vertical wall and are already equipped with a lighting system and have a finished surface;

it is always easy to remove them for any maintenance or inspection of the pipes (which in many cases are below the concrete floor above), the electrical system or the air-conditioning system by simply lifting them up because they are not fixed anywhere.

According to yet another aspect of the present invention, the installation of the panels also on the wall 40 is completed by adjustable clamping means that allow rapid installation and removal of the panels to allow for possible revision after assembly of the bathroom.

In the first preferred embodiment shown in Fig. 9, these means consist of a first drilled plate 20, which can be fixed to the back of the panel 1 using conventional screws 23. In the center of the plate 20 is formed a drilled circle 21 partially laminated to the plate 20 in such a way as to leave a gap 22 between the panel 21 and the ring 21 in which the female threaded washer 26 can be received and freely rotated.

The screw 24 can itself engage the washer 26 and can be activated by a screwdriver 25 passing through a corresponding hole formed in the panel 1.

Advantageously, the diameter of the opening 11 can be greatly limited (even to 5 to 6 mm or less) in such a way that it does not have a relevant adverse effect on the aesthetic appearance of the outside of the panel 1, which can later be fixed.

The clamping means also includes a second plate 30 that can be fixed to the wall 40 using conventional bolts 32 similar to the plate 20.

The plate 30 comprises in the middle a threaded pin 31 suitable for receiving a screw 24.

During installation, the screw 24 is inserted a predetermined length through the washer 26 and then inserted into the pin 31.

By screwing the screw 24 into the pin 31, the washer 26 rotates in the gap 22 and is pulled to the wall 40, attracting the panel 1, the position of which can be easily controlled in this way.

Advantageously, in accordance with the pin 31, a hole 33 may be formed in the wall 40 in such a way as to provide space for the insertion of the screw 24.

Figures 9a and 9b illustrate a second preferred embodiment of the adjustable clamping means of the side panels 1.

In this case, the first plate 20 'may be fixed (for example, by glue or screws) to the back of the wall panel 1, and protrudes over the side of the panel 1,

A second plate 30 'is also provided which can be fixed to the room wall 40 by means of conventional screws 32'. The central portion of the plate 30 'has a concave shape extending from the wall 40 having a transverse groove 24'.

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The plate 20 'comprises through holes 11' and a transverse groove 56 having a recessed hole.

The through holes 11 'are in use opposite the screws 32 / of the second plate 30'.

A control pin 31 () may be inserted through the groove 56 of the plate 20 (and through the groove 24) of the second plate 30 'so that the control pin 31 / engages with a lock nut 54 integrally formed with the plate 30). Thus, by pivoting the pin 31 ', it is possible to adjust the distance between the first and second plates 20' and 30 '.

Other locking nuts 57 and 58 may also be used to maintain the desired spacing between the plates.

During installation, the wall panel 1 is provided with one or more plates 20 '.

Through the openings 11 ', the bolts 32' may be actuated to secure the second plate 30 'to the wall 40 in the correct position.

After the control pin 31 'is positioned and the distance between the plates 20 / and 30' is also set, the transverse position can also be adjusted due to the elongated shape of the transverse groove 21 '.

8, 8a to 8m and 16, once the first panel 1 is fixed to the wall 40, a second adjacent panel may be applied over the panel 20 'so that the panel 20 / is covered and will not be seen.

Preferably, the second panel is provided with one or more side connecting plates 9 which can be inserted between the hidden side of the first panel and the wall 40.

Usually, three plates will be pre-mounted on one side of the panel 30, while the other side will have two flat connecting plates 90 to be inserted between the three plates of the preceding panel. Of course, the first panel will have adjustable adjustable plates on both sides.

Thus, the panels may be positionally adjustable between o

depending on the different dimensions of the bathroom and can all be removed mechanically for adjustment, replacement or re-positioning elsewhere.

Giant. 8a to 8d show the installation of the side panels 1 identified sequentially by the panels R01 to R16.

Giant. 8 illustrates a bathroom completely lined with side panels as well as the corresponding reference numerals R01 to R16.

Advantageously, with this solution, the clamping means are completely hidden from view, while at the same time the panels 1 can be easily removed for inspection or replacement.

As can be seen in Figures 1 to 7, the bathroom accessories of the present invention are assembled from traditional components and pre-assembled with pipes and water pipes for interconnection.

In the described example, the toilet unit 4 is formed with pipes 41 with end joints 42 corresponding to the hot and cold water supply circuit and the drain line.

5

In the same way, the bath 5 with the shower tap assembly 6 and the toilet tank 7 are formed with corresponding pipes 51, 61 and 71 and with end joints 52, 62 and 72.

During installation, the pipes 61 of the tap assembly 6 are connected to the hot and cold water risers 100 that exist in the room and through the connections 62 with the corresponding connections 72 and 52 of the toilet tank 7 and bathtubs 5 ..

Furthermore, the tubs 51 of the tub 5 are connected to the corresponding tubing 41 of the toilet unit 4 and to the drain pipe 101 and the tubing 71 of the toilet tank 7. The tubs are connected to a toilet (not shown) of known type.

Advantageously, all the end joints of the various accessories are pre-disposed in such a way that they correspond precisely to each other at the time of installation of the bathroom and can be easily connected, while remaining completely hidden from view.

According to a further feature of the present invention, it is possible to easily inspect the pipes of all accessories 8 to 7. For example, in the case of a bath 5, toilet tank 7 and water tap assembly 6, this feature is made possible by simply removing one or more facing panels 53, 63, which are suitably pre-positioned.

During installation, the worker proceeds according to the description of assembling panels 1 to 3 already made-to-measure.

The assembly can be carried out on the previous cladding as well as directly on the wall, whereupon components 4 to 7 are connected to a water circuit already existing in the room and interconnected without the need for any structural or structural intervention or use of special expertise.

At the end of the installation, all pipes are hidden from view, and all the clamping and fastening means of the paneling panels up to the openings 11 are also hidden.

At the same time, the installation is noticeably easier to install, and is ultimately easily accessible for eventual pipe inspections.

According to another aspect of the present invention, illustrated in Fig. 12, pre-assembled bathroom walls 300 may be formed when a distance from an existing wall may be provided.

In this case, a metal structure 301 is provided behind the panels 1, optionally provided with T-shaped telescopic rods for adjusting the spacing.

If there is no wall (see Fig. 14a, Fig. 14b) the complete wall position can be made in the factory including a self-supporting metal frame, plasterboard (generally two-layer) already pre-painted with room side insulation, insulation (such as mineral wool) , glass wool), surface cladding such as marble slabs or any type of tile (to the bathroom side) and all plumbing and electrical wiring, all fully installed.

These walls, or wall sections, can be adjusted to a position and then mechanically connected to each other to form a complete bathroom.

Optionally, one or more of the walls will comprise a pre-mounted door or door frame.

In a preferred embodiment, the cladding panels are formed from marble slabs, but it will be understood that the material used may be of any suitable type, including panels of ceramic tiles, wood, synthetic material, glass and others, pre-assembled and then installed in place.

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It will also be understood that the invention is not limited to the exterior finish, materials, dimensions, details, attachment of visible elements or anything that could be associated with the pre-assembly process. On the other hand, it is possible to realize works with indeterminate details or exterior design solutions that would not allow traditional ways of working on site.

Claims (29)

PATENT CLAIMS A pre-assembled bathroom structure for installation in a room intended for use as a bathroom, comprising a plurality of custom-made facing panels for continuously cladding at least a portion of the wall and floor of the room to be installed, and a plurality of sanitary components of which each is pre-fitted with its own self-supporting structure and with its own pipe distribution ready for interconnection and connection to the water distribution of the room for installation to close the bathroom water circuit. Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-fitted custom panels comprise wall panels (1) and floor panels (2). The structure of claim 2, wherein the wall panels comprise panels that are arranged perpendicular to each other and can be slid horizontally when contacted relative to each other to form a corner. A structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the custom-made panels comprise ceiling panels (3). Construction according to claim 2, characterized in that the panels (1) are provided with concealed clamping means (8, 9) for connection to each other. Construction according to claim 5, characterized in that said means are formed by connecting plates (9) belonging to adjacent panels (1) and positioned vertically in alternating positions. 0 · Construction according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the panels (1) are formed with adjustable means for fastening to the wall (40). Structure according to claim 7, characterized in that said means comprise a first bore plate (20) which can be mounted on the back of the panel (1) using conventional screws (23), and a bore ring (21) located in the center a plate (20) and partially superimposed thereon so that a gap (22) is retained between the panel (1) and the ring (21), in which a freely rotating internally threaded washer can be placed with which the screw (24) can engage which is actuated externally through a corresponding opening (11) formed in the panel (1), said means further comprising a second blanket (30) which can be fixed to the wall (40) by screws (32) in a position corresponding to the plate (20) ) and which is formed in the middle with a threaded pin (31) suitable for receiving a bolt 24 in order to reduce or increase the distance of the panel (1) from the wall. Construction according to claim 7, characterized in that said means comprise a first drilled plate (20 ') which can be fixed to the back of the wall panel (1), said plate (20') overhanging the side of the panel and having through holes (11 ') and a transverse groove (24') having a recessed hole; a second plate (30 ') which can be fixed to the wall (40) of the room by means of conventional screws (32'), the central portion of the plate (30 ') having a concave shape extending from the wall (40) and having a transverse groove (56); said plates being connected by means of a control pin (31 ') extending through the grooves (56) and (24'), said pin (31 ') being integrally engaged with the nut (54) formed 444 with a plate (30 ') and preferably has two lock nuts (58) positioned between the plates and another lock nut (57) on the inside of the plate (30') so as to adjust the distance between the first and 5 with a second plate (20 ', 30'). Construction according to claim 2, characterized in that it comprises self-supporting adjustable supports for positioning and aligning the floor panels (2) on the floor. Construction according to claim 10, characterized in that said abutments comprise a fixed counterpart (R) and plates (28) fixed by conventional screws (27) to a pre-existing floor (50) and equipped with adjusting screws (29) to adjust to the desired the level of support of the panels (2). Construction according to claim 10, characterized in that said abutments consist of plates (280) which can rotate on a horizontal plane around a pivot (200) which is fixed to the floor (50) and which are provided with support disks (201). ) integrated with the control screws (290) acting between the floor panels (2) and the pre-existing floor (50). Construction according to claim 10, characterized in that said abutments consist of a fixed counterpart (R) and a plate (28) which can be fixed to a common side of at least one of said panels (2) and protrudes therefrom to form a abutment for an adjacent panel (2), the panels (28) being further provided with support and height-adjustable screws (29) acting on the pre-existing floor (50) in the installation room. «9 9999» 9 · 9 · 9 • 9 * 9 9 · 9 · · 9 9 9 9 · · 9 9 9 9 Construction according to claim 1, characterized in that said components consist of a toilet unit (4), a bath (5) with a plurality of shower faucet (6) and a toilet tank (7), each provided with tubes (41). 51, 61, 71) with end joints (42, 52, 62, 72) pre-assembled in such a way that they correspond precisely to each other at the time of installation and can be connected directly to existing tubing in the room. The structure of claim 1, wherein the tubes of at least one of said components are concealed from view through removable cladding panels. Construction according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that said wall panels and / or said floor panels are made of natural stone. A panel fastening device (1) to a wall (40), characterized in that it comprises a first drilled plate (20), 20 '), which can be fixed to the back of the panel (1), a second plate (30, 30') which can be fixed to the wall (40) of the room, and control means for controlling the distance between said first and second plate, the control means are accessible from the front of the panel (1). A device according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises a first bore plate (20) which can be mounted on the back of the panel (1) using conventional screws (23) and has a bore ring (21) located in the center of the plate (20). ) and partially laminated thereto so as to leave a gap (22) between the panel (1) and the ring (21) in which a freely rotating internally threaded washer (26) can be positioned with which 4 4 4 4 4 4 ·· tt · 9 · 9 · 9 9 4 4 9 • «· · · 4 4 4 4 · 9444 44 44 engage a screw (24) that is activated through a corresponding hole (11) formed in the panel (1); and further comprising a second plate (30) which can be fixed to the wall (40) using screws (32) in a position corresponding to the plate (20) and which is formed in the middle with a threaded pin (31) suitable for receiving the screw (24). Apparatus according to claim 17, characterized in that it comprises a first drilled plate (20 ') which can be fixed to the rear of the wall panel (1), the plate (20') projecting beyond the side of the panel and having through holes ( 11 ') and a transverse groove (24') having a recessed hole; a second plate (30 ') which can be fixed to the room wall (40) by means of conventional screws (32'), the central part of the plate (30 ') having a concave shape extending from the wall (40) and having a transverse groove (56), wherein the plates are connected by a control pin (31 ') passing through the grooves (56) and (24'), the pin (31 ') engaging a nut (54) integrally formed with the plate (30') and preferably having two locking means a nut (58) disposed between the plates and another lock nut (57) on the inside of the plate (30 ') so that by operating the pin (31') from the outside, the distance between the first and second plates (20 ', 30') is adjusted. 20. A method of creating and installing a room in a completely pre-assembled bathroom, comprising the steps of: creating a customized paneling for the walls of the room; providing self-supporting sanitary components provided with pipes and joints pre-disposed for interconnecting and then connecting with the pipes in the room; installation of the said panels and components without masonry or construction. ·· φφ φφ φφφφ ΦΦΦ ΦΦΦ φ * φ φ ΦΦΦ φ • φ φ φ φ ••• 26 ..... ΦΦ φφφφ φ φ φ ΦΦΦ ΦΦΦ φ φ φ φ φ φφ φφ A floor structure, comprising one or more panels (2) and means for adjusting the height of said panels relative to a pre-existing floor surface (50). Construction according to claim 21, characterized in that the height adjustment means consist of plates (280) which can be rotated on a horizontal plane by being fixed to the floor (50) by means of a vertical pin (200) and which are formed with support disks (201) mounted on control screws (209) acting between the floor panels (2) and the pre-existing floor (50). Construction according to claim 21, characterized in that said abutments consist of a fixed counterpart (R) and a plate (28) which can be fixed to a common side of at least one of said panels (2) and protrudes therefrom to form a support for an adjacent panel (2), the panels (28) being further provided with support and height-adjustable screws (29) acting on the pre-existing floor (50) in the installation room. A method of installing a floor structure on a pre-existing floor surface (50), comprising the steps of: a) installing one or more floor panels (2) leaving a gap between the floor surface (50); b) pouring a non-shrinking thin liquid mortar down into the gap between the panels (2) already installed and the floor surface (50) underneath to completely fill the gap. 25. The method of claim 24, comprising the steps of: 9 · ··· 9 9 9 a) fastening to a pre-existing floor a plurality of height-adjustable elements according to lines corresponding to the sides of one or more floor panels to be installed; b) installing a first panel; c) adjusting the level of the first panel by acting on the control element; d) installing floor panels adjacent to an already installed panel such that adjacent panels share a line of control elements; e) adjusting the level of installed panels by acting on the control elements; f) repeating steps d) and e) to complete the lining of the floor surface; and g) pouring non-shrinking liquid cement into the gap between the installed panels and the surfaces underneath. A pre-assembled ceiling structure for a bathroom, characterized in that it consists of panels (3) made of pre-assembled gypsum boards mechanically attached to steel posts (33) or made of aluminum honeycomb panels. A pre-assembled wall structure, characterized in that it comprises a plurality of self-supporting metal structures (301) provided with cladding panels (1), which structure may be adjusted in position and then mechanically interconnected with other such structures. 28. The structure of claim 27, wherein said metal structures are formed with T-shaped telescopic connecting rods for adjustment. 99 9 relative to the pre-existing wall (40). The structure of claim 27, wherein at least one of said metal structures comprises a pre-assembled door frame.