CS261862B2 - Crusher, especially for crushing feed - Google Patents

Abstract

Crusher, comprising in the crushing chamber (2) provided with a feed hopper (1) a motor-driven shaft (9) and co-rotating shafts (10) on which rotating long knives (3) and rotating short knives (4) are arranged , cooperating with fixed short knives (5) and fixed long knives (6), has fixed short knives (5J and fixed long knives (6) removably fastened alternately in at least one row on the wall of the grinding chamber (2) and rotating knives (3) and rotatable short knives (4) rotatable in vertical planes and removably fastened to the shaft (10) alternately side by side in at least two rows, wherein rotating short knives (4) and fixed short knives (5) are arranged opposite fixed long knives (6) ) rotating long knives (3) intended to pass through gaps between two adjacent fixed long knives (6).

Description

261862

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a crusher comprising, in a crushing chamber, a drive shaft, a motor-driven shaft and rotating shafts on which rotary blades and rotating short blades are provided, cooperating with stiff short knives and fixed long legs.

As is well known, in the field of production, associated with agriculture, often the urinate flow of particles is often. By way of example, the case of crushing the feed is necessary in order to allow the animal to completely digest it and thereby feed the feed during the production of meat and the production of other animal products. The lack of energy sources of mineral origin puts the fermentation-based preservation at the forefront, but is an important economic need for drying agricultural products.

Meeting these requirements will be greatly enhanced by crushing and utilizing these products to a greater extent than if the crushing and utilization will result in a reduction in the entire specific energy consumption. To a greater extent crushing has been used in the application of methods known to date, based on two principles.

One works on the principle of a conventional hammer-and-crusher. This machine is filled with different holes. In the second embodiment, a built-in cutter is used which reduces the product by cutting, whereby the particles pass through the mesh screen and their size is determined by the requirements. In both solutions, a sieve is arranged on the circumference of the rotating parts, that is, a hammer or a cutting knife, through which the material is forced to crush or cut.

The hitherto known dry crushing machines provide a crushing effect. In the case of substances containing large quantities of vegetable fibers, such as alfalfa or high moisture content, for example wet maize, the existing technical solutions have an adverse effect on the energy consumption due to the formation of the tow-like parts, by the effect of the mulching effect, thereby creating an unfavorable juice formation, which results in loss of nutrients. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It is an object of the present invention to provide a machine in which "milling effect" does not occur when crushed or comminuted, and thus to the formation of wettable parts in which the specific energy consumption is reduced and the substrate passage is increased, i.e. to the size of the machine, and which is further suitable for crushing both dry and wet grain grains, or also fibrous feeds.

This task has been solved by a crusher, in particular a crusher, comprising a motor-driven shaft and a co-rotating shaft with rotating long knives and rotating short knives in co-operation with the fixed short knives in a crushing chamber with a feed funnel. and fixed long knives, according to the invention, the fact that the fixed short knives and the fixed long knives are removably fastened alternately in at least one row on the wall of the crushing space and the rotating long knives and the rotating shorts are rotatable in vertical planes and removably mounted on the shaft alternately in at least two rows, with the rotating short knives arranged opposite the fixed long knives and the rotating long knives against the rigid short knives intended to pass through the gaps between two adjacent fixed long knives knife.

Advantageously, the group of fixed long knives alternated by solid short knives form a solid solid comb-like knife and the group of rotating long knives provided by the rotating short knives form a wholly rotating comb-like knife. An advantage of the solution according to the invention is that it comes to crushing without the "milling effect", while the energy consumption - in addition to the relative increase in performance - decreases relative to the known solutions. Saving energy does not result in the "thawing effect", thereby avoiding the disadvantageous friction along the skirt and the fact that the crushed substance leaves the crushing of its kinetic energy, so that no energy is needed for this action. -more.

Tests have shown that the machine according to the invention is suitable not only for crushing feed, but also for other ingredients, such as fertilizers, peat, straw manure and the like. 1 shows a schematic axial section through a crusher, FIG. 2 shows a side view of the crusher in part and FIG. 3 shows a partial axial section through a crusher with a comb-like knife.

The crusher according to the invention comprises a crushing area 2 which is preceded by a feed nozzle 1 for supplying a material to be crushed. In the middle of the crushing chamber 2, a driven shaft 9 is mounted in turn, on which shafts 10 with knives are mounted. In the example shown, four shafts 10 are attached to the driven shaft 9.

On the shafts 10 there are alternately rotating long knives 3 and rotating short knives 4, which cooperate with fixed long legs 6 and fixed short knives 5 removably fixed on the wall of the crushing space 2, whereby always fixed short knife 5 and long knife always fixed against rotating short knife 4.

Since the rotating long knives 9 and the rotating short knives 4 are mounted loosely on the shaft 10, they will not break off when a solid body, for example a metal object, gets into the material to be crushed. In the embodiment shown in FIG.

Claims (3)

261862 3, on a shaft 10 rotating together with the driven shaft 9, in each case a group of rotating long knives 3, alternated by rotating short blades 4, a complete rotary comb-like knife 11, in which the rotating long knives 3 are replaced by thumbs 11A and rotatable short blades 4 edges 11B. Solid solid comb-shaped knives 12, whose fingers 12A replace fixed long knives 6 and cutting edges 12B fixed short knives S, are removably attached to the crushing wall against integral compact rotating comb-like blades 11. Fixing of shafts 10 is accomplished by means of a carrier plate assembly 13 fixedly mounted on the driven shaft and the spacing rings 14 arranged between them, and the displacement plates 13, between which one integral rotary comb-like blade 11 is always arranged. the exhaust terminal 8 for removing the crushed material through which a liquid feed line (not shown) can be introduced, optionally directly into the crushing chamber 2, if for some reason the feed is to be crushed in a wetted state, the material should be wetted after crushing, respectively. . As is clear from FIG. 2, at least one row of fixed short knives 3 and fixed long knives 6 are detachably fixed to the wall of the crushing space 2. In FIG. 2, five rows are plotted. It is best to arrange these fixed knives 3, 6 in as many rows as the rows of rotary knives 3, 4 are used. Upon the operation of the grinder, the material to be crushed gets into the feed funnel 1 and then further into the grinding chamber 2. Rotating the long knives 3 and the rotating shorts 4, rotating in the crushing space 2, indicate by their circumferential speed the material to be crushed into the rapid movement and its pulp part. Meanwhile, they accelerate the material by impinging on the edges of the fixed long blades 6 and the fixed short blades 5, thereby crumbling and pulping. This feature is repeated as often as many rows of fixed short knives 3 and fixed long knives 6 are arranged on the wall of crushing chamber 2. After leaving the last row, the crushed material leaves the crushing space 2 through the outlet 7 and exhaust due to its kinetic energy. end 8. pRedmEt CLAIMS 1. A crusher, in particular for crushing feeds, comprising, in a crushing chamber provided with a feeding funnel, a motor-driven shaft with co-rotating shafts on which rotary long knives and rotary knives are arranged, cooperating with fixed short knives and fixed long knives, characterized in that the fixed short knives (5) and the fixed long knives (6) are removably fixed in at least one row of the crushing chamber wall (2) and the rotating long knives (3) and rotatable short knives (4) rotatable in vertical planes and removably fastened to the shaft (10) alternately beside the OUTLET be in at least two rows, with rotating short knives (4) arranged opposite the fixed long knives (6) and knives (5) rotating long knives (3) designed to pass through gaps between two adjacent fixed long knives (6). 2. Crusher according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of fixed long knives (6) alternated by fixed short knives (5) form a solid solid comb-like knife (12) and a group of rotating long knives (3) provided by rotary short knives. the knives (4) form a cantilever rotating comb (11). 3 sheets of drawings