CS260758B1 - Spinning preparation for winding, cutting, shaping and final processing of polypropylene and polyamide fibers - Google Patents

Abstract

Spinning preparation for polypropylene and polyamide fibers, which improves winding, straightening, shaping and further textile processing in the form of an aqueous dispersion of 1 to 25% by weight of the active substance, which is a technical product of olein with 10 to 30 mol of ethylene oxide.

Description

The invention relates to a softening preparation for winding, drawing, shaping and final treatment, in particular of continuous polypropylene and polyamide fibres, of a single fineness of 1 to 30 dtex: The preparation is applied to the fibre using preparation discs or nozzles in the form of an aqueous dispersion containing 1 to 25% by weight of the active substance during spinning under spinning nozzles before winding the fibre onto bobbins in a discontinuous process for producing polypropylene and polyamide fibres, or in a continuous process for producing polypropylene and polyamide fibres, the fibre with the preparation goes directly to the drawing or shaping machine.

This spinning preparation is also a preparation for processing into the final product during further textile processing, such as knitting, weaving, carding, drawing, spinning, spindleless spinning, tearing, needling, cutting, tufting into carpets - and others.

The production of synthetic fibers from melt requires the use of suitable preparation agents, the use of which is necessary in the production process itself, as well as in the subsequent processing in the textile industry. For this purpose, in the spinning preparations for synthetic fibers, emphasis is placed on the affinity for the fiber, which prevents migration of the preparation when winding several kilogram spools of undirected fiber, which prevents the preparation aqueous dispersion from being removed from the fiber during its formation ^{by the} underspinning nozzles, which prevents the preparation dispersion from flowing from the upper layers of the spun and stored tow in the vats to the lower layers, which results in an uneven distribution of the preparation in the layers, and thus also in the final product, which results in poor processability in textile operations. The emphasis is also placed on the cohesive properties of the preparation, which are a prerequisite for the subsequent construction of undirected fiber windings during its production, as well as windings of the final fiber intended for further textile processing. The emphasis is also placed on the stability and uniformity of the aqueous dispersion, which guarantees a uniform application of the preparation to the fiber. The emphasis is also placed on the thermostability of the preparation, on biodegradability, on antistatic properties, on friction properties in the fiber/fiber, fiber/metal, fiber/sinter corundum and fiber/other solid surface systems, in which the fiber rubs during textile processing on various textile machines.

A preparation agent according to Czech Patent Application No. AO 207 066 is known, which is used for synthetic fibers as a single-component preparation in the form of an aqueous dispersion containing 1 to 20% by weight of ethoxylated castor oil. This does not guarantee good disintegrability of synthetic fibers because it has a relatively high friction in the fiber/solid surface system.

Also known is the a-weighting agent according to AO 178 544, which is a mixture of -alkylamides of saturated -and ^! unsaturated fatty acids, ethoxylated, a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, a hydrocarbon fraction formed by alkylbenzene. This 'shows good digitality, but insufficient cohesive. properties. Further known are Czechoslovak Patents. AΘ 168 941, 168 194, 185 368, all of which contain various silicone oils, which' are: difficult to biodegrade and, therefore, unsuitable from an ecological point of view, to which it also adds. · disadvantageous economy.

Also known are polyglycol addition products according to US Pat. 1,852,612, which are advantageous for polyesters: According to Pat. CH 538,554, a preparation is recommended for synthetic fibers, the components of which are amino acids of alpha-sulfofatty acid ester, according to Pat. DE 2,447,41.0, a condensation product of fatty acid with amino is suitable for the preparation of staple fibers, Czech Pat. 151,973 suggests a preparation based on alkanoaminoalkylphenol-polyethylene glycol phosphate, sulfonated vegetable oil and a condensation product of aliphatic fatty acids for the spinning of staple fibers.

Preparations for polyacrylic fibers are also known, as reported in Deutche Textiltechnik 21 (1971) Heft 5 p. 318 by Scher, R.: Friedel, H.: Textilhilfsmittel aus der Produktům der DDR, where the basis of the preparation in the commercial products of VEB Fettchemie are oxyethylated fatty acids with varying degrees of oxyethylation and different lengths of the alkyl chain.

Commercial products are also known that are at a very advanced technical level, but they try to achieve optimal friction properties by adding silicone components, which has a negative impact not only on the economy and ecology, but at the same time, these additives reduce cohesive properties, which has a significant impact on the structure of the windings, especially the undirected fiber in the fiber production process with an impact on processability.

These shortcomings are eliminated by the spinning preparation according to the present invention, which is applied to polypropylene and polyamide fibers from an aqueous dispersion containing 1 to 25% by weight of the active substance, which is a common technical product of olein with 10 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide, prepared by catalyzed addition of ethylene oxide to olein.

The spinning preparation is applied under the spinning nozzles when winding the undirected fiber, or when placing the undirected fiber in a can as a directing, shaping and at the same time as a final preparation. The effect of this preparation significantly improves the uniformity of the structure of the undirected fiber and the cohesion of the fiber ribbon, and thus the entire processability in other technological nodes of the production process, which is most evident in the quality of the final fiber product.

The spinning preparation guarantees good processing properties in textile operations, such as knitting, weaving, carding, drawing, spinning, spindleless spinning, tearing, cutting, needling, shearing, tufting into carpets, etc. The fibrous material produced using this spinning preparation exhibits good friction properties in the fiber/metal, fiber/sinter corundum, fiber/forming body system and other mechanical-physical and dynamic properties.

These properties are achieved when the spinning preparation is applied to the fibrous material so that the content of the active substance is 0.3 to 2.2% by weight on the fiber.

The following examples show the characteristic properties of surface treatments using a spinning preparation for polypropylene and polyamide fibers in the form of aqueous dispersions according to the present invention, the processability in the production process, and compare these properties with the properties and processability achieved by surface treatments using other preparations.

Uncoated fiber windings are evaluated according to the following standard:

1st grade — flawless winding without any fibrils or fiber bundles falling over the winding faces. Straight winding faces (undistorted).

2nd level — small overhangs 0.5 — hem over the ends of the windings. Ends straight without deformation.

Grade 3 — 1-3 cm overhangs over the ends of the windings, but not over individual fibrils. Ends straight with little or no deformation.

4th degree —- overflows 3 — 5 cm without the front of the winding. One forehead without overlapping individual fibrils. Faces with major deformations, or without deformations.

5th degree — overhangs 5 — 8 cm without a winding front. One front without overhanging individual fibrils. Fronts with larger deformations, or without deformation.

6th degree — overhangs 5 — 10 cm with overhanging individual fibrils or the entire fiber bundle. Fronts with larger deformations, or even without deformation. Overhangs through both fronts, both individual fibrils and entire fiber bundles.

Example

In the production of hot-air shaped polyamide tow, unit fineness 19 dtex and total fineness 4,000 dtex, a 25% aqueous dispersion of a technical polyoxyethylene product of olein with 30 moles of ethylene oxide, prepared by addition of ethylene oxide to olein at a temperature of 150 to 160 degrees Celsius and a pressure of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa, using granulated KOH as a catalyst, was used.

The cable prepared with this preparation (preparation no. 1) showed good operational reliability of winding, stretching — shaping, curling and tufting, good softening and shrinkage values, good friction and cohesive properties and other mechanical-physical properties.

For comparison, in the production of this same cable, a mixed preparation (preparation no. 2) based on triglycerides of higher fatty acids with oxyethylated alkylamides was used and the following results were achieved;

. No. 1 preparation No. 2

Fiber content in °/o wt. 2.0 2.1 Precipitation in % 15.0 13.0 Evaluation of untwisted fiber windings according to the standard lie 2 2 to 3 Friction coefficient (f _m ) fiber/metal 0.26 0.29 Friction coefficient (f _c ) fiber/sintered corundum 0.25 0.27 Cohesion of the ribbon of an unshielded cable in % 93 82 Qualitative assessment of the final fiber of the request: 1st quality class in % 94.0 90.0 2nd quality class in % 6.0 10.0

26.0758

Example 1 2

In the production of an endless polypropylene tow shaped by blowing air, with a unit fineness of 27 dtex and a total fineness of 1,330 dtex, a 5% aqueous dispersion of a technical polyoxyethylene product of olein with 10 moles of ethylene oxide, prepared by the addition of ethylene oxide to olein at a temperature of 150 to 160 ^° C and a pressure of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa, using granulated KOH as a catalyst, was used.

The cable treated with this preparation (preparation no. 3) showed good operational reliability in winding, routing, skiving and textile processing, good values of bulking, shrinkage, good friction and cohesive properties and other mechanical and physical properties.

For comparison, in the production of the same endless polyester film, a mixed preparation [preparation No. 4) with the following composition was used:

parts by weight of ethylene oxide adduct of tin oil, parts by weight of dimethyl silicone oil and the following results were obtained:

preparation no. 3 preparation no. The content of the preparation on the fiber in % by mass. 0.7 Oj7 Softening in ^c /o 20.5 16.0 Shrinkage in % 4.5 4.5 Evaluation of undirected fiber windings according to the standard 1 to 2 3 to 4 Friction coefficient (f,„) fiber/metal 0.30 0.30 Friction coefficient (f,.j fiber/blue corundum 0.27 0.29 Cohesion of the ribbon of an unshielded cable in % 90 74 Qualitative assessment of the final fiber after spinning: 1st quality class in '% 90.0 86.0 2nd quality class in % 8.0 12)0

Example 3

In the production of continuous polypropylene filament formed by false twist, with a fineness of 84/25 dtex, a 15% aqueous dispersion of a technical polyoxyethylene product of olein with 20 moles of ethylene oxide, prepared by the addition of ethylene oxide to olein at a temperature of 150 to 160 °C and a pressure of 0.2 to 0.3 MPa, using granular KOH as a catalyst, was used.

Polypropylene silk prepared with this preparation (preparation no. 5) showed good operational reliability in winding, shaping, warping, braiding, good friction properties and other mechanical-physical properties.

For comparison, in the production of the same polypropylene silk, a mixed preparation (preparation no. 6) was used, which is a commercial product of the Henkol company with the designation LW-850, which is a mixture of ester oils, emulsifiers based on ethylene oxides and the addition of silicone oil. The following results were achieved:

200758

IQ

preparation no. 5 preparation no. 6 The content of the preparation on the fiber in % by mass. 1.2 1.2 Evaluation of unborrowed fiber windings according to the standard. 1 to 2 2 to 4 Friction coefficient (f _m ) fiber/metal 0.34 0.38 Friction coefficient (f _c j fiber/sinter corundum 0.32 0.35 Friction coefficient (f,) fiber/forming spindle 0.28 0.31 Cohesion of a ribbon of unshaped silk in % 83 70 Qualitative assessment of the final or thread: 1st quality class in % 93.0 88.0 2nd quality class in % 7.0 12.0

PRSDMST

Spinning preparation for winding, drawing, shaping and final processing of polypropylene and polyamide fibers in the form of an aqueous dispersion with a content of 1 to 25

Claims (1)

200758 9 IQ prepar. No. 5 prepar. No. 6 Preparation content of fiber in% wt. 1,2 1,2 Rating of unwound fiber according to standard. 1 to 2 2 to 4 Coefficient of friction (fm) fiber / metal 0.34 0.38 Coefficient of friction (fcjv / no corundum 0.32 0.35 Coefficient of friction (f,) fiber / shaping spindle 0.28 0.31 Cohesiveness of Ribbon in .targeted silk in% 83 70 Qualitative evaluation of final fiber: 1. Quality class in% 93.0 88.0 2nd quality class in% 7.0 12.0 PJtSDMST Spinning, rewinding, shaping and finally treating the polypropylene and polyamide fibers in an aqueous dispersion containing from 1 to 25% by weight of the active ingredient, wherein the active ingredient is a technical polyoxyethylene product of an olein having from 10 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide.