US2436219A

US2436219A - Textile product and process

Info

Publication number: US2436219A
Application number: US561498A
Authority: US
Inventors: Robert D Maclaurin
Original assignee: Industrial Rayon Corp
Current assignee: Industrial Rayon Corp
Priority date: 1944-11-01
Filing date: 1944-11-01
Publication date: 1948-02-17
Anticipated expiration: 1965-02-17

Description

Patented Feb. 17, 1948 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE- TEXTILE PRODUCT PROCESS Robert D. MacLaurin, Lakewood, Ohio, assignor to Industrial Rayon Corporation, Cievelan Ohio, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application November 1, 194 4,

' Serial No. 561,498

12 Claims. (or. ass-a9) twisting. In performing the twisting operations and in the weaving and hitting steps themselves, it is necessary to pass the yarns over a variety of guides, bobbins and other mechanical devices which ofler frictional resistance to the yarn and which, accordingly, tend to subject the yarn to abrasive action. ,It is of course desirable to eliminate such abrasive wear as completely as possible.

This invention provides a new yarn-treating and conditioning composition which makes possible the production of yarns which ofler a very substantially reduced frictional resistance to the various mechanical devices over which the yarn travels in the course oi twisting. knitting or weaving operations with the result that abrasive wear is kept to a minimum. In addition, yarn which has been treated with the new compositions of this invention has its twist somewhat stabilized or set so that the yarn has less tendency to snarl or become motted in passing over the various yarn guides, etc., incident to its iormation into knitted or woven products; A further advantage of yarns which have been treated with the new tend to clog yarn guides, knitting needles, etc. The new yarn-conditioning composition is chemically and physically stable both in storage and after application to the yarn.

The new yarn-conditioning composition comprises a hydrogenated fish oil and a product formed by reacting an alkylene oxide with a partial polyester of a fatty acid containing at least 12 carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol such as the hexahydric alcohols and their anhydro derivatives. New yarn products are produced in accordance with this invention by treating yam with this yam-conditioning composition.

The hydrogenated fish oils employed in practicing this invention are solid and waxy in nature and advantageously have iodine numbers below' reacting an alkylene oxide wih a partial fatty acid polyester under elevated pressures in the presenc of suitable catalysts such as, for example, alkali metal hydroxides, e. g., sodium and potassium hydroxide, and alkali metal alkoxides such as compositions is that the filaments comprising the yam are protected by the new conditioning composition so that they are less apt to snag during the course of the knitting or weaving operation. The new yarns oi this invention may be used with particular advantage in the production of hosiery.

An important advantage oi the new yarn-conditioning compositions is that they may be readily removed from the yarn alter the yarn has been knitted or woven into a textile product. The yam-conditioning composition may be readily and effectively removed by means of ordinary aqueous washing or detergent compositiom. A further advantage oi the new yarn-conditioning compositions is that the coemcient of friction of the yarn to which the composition is applied is not so low as to permit excessive slippage of the yarn during its'manufacture into a textile product and, consequently, non-uniiormity of the fabric due to this cause is minimized.

The new yarn-conditioning composition is'not corrosive to the various parts oi the textile fabricating devices with" which the yarn comes into contact and, in addition, the composition does not sodium methoxide, etc. Alkylene oxide reaction products which may be used with advantage are those prepared by reacting at least about 20 moles of the alkylene oxide with one mole of the ester. The alkylene oxides employed may include compounds such as ethylene oxide and propylene oxide although the employment of ethylene oxide is preferred The partial fatty acid polyester may be derived from such hexahydric alcohols and their anhydro derivatives as sorbitol, mannitol, dulcitol, sorbitan and mannitan. The fatty acid portion of the ester is advantageously derived from fatty acids containing at least 12 carbon atoms and may include saturated fatty acids such as lauric, myristic, palmitic and stearic, and unsaturated and hydroxy fatty acids such as oleic, ricinolelc, etc. The partial polyesters may advantageously be either predominantly di-esters tri-esters or mixtures thereof. The partial polyesters all contain unesterified portions of the alcoholic residue of the ester which are capable of being reacted with an alkylene oxide.

Among the specific partial polyesters which may be reacted with at least about 20 moles of an alkylene oxide, e. g., ethylene oxide, to produce one of the components of the new yamconditioning composition may be mentioned sorbitan trioleate, mannitan trioleate, sorbitan trilaurate, mannitan trilaurate, etc.

In making up the yarn-treating composition of this invention, the proportions, by weight, may

assume 3 4 advantageously be about 0.82 to 1 parts of hydrogenated fish oil to about 1 part of the alkylene oxide reaction product. These components the composition may advantageously be mixed or blended by beating them until a molten mass is obtained. The presence of small, amounts of water, e. g., from 5 to in the alkylene oxide reaction product facilitates admixture and blending of this component with the hydrogenated fish oil.

Although the composition may be applied to yarn in the molten or undiluted form, it is more advantageously applied in a diluted form, such as a solution or dispension, depending somewhat upon the degree of solubility or dispersibility of the composition in the medium employed. It is particularly advantageous to apply the composition in the form of solutions or dispersions containing about .3% to 5.0%, by weight in the aggregate, of the hydrogenated fish oil and the alkylene oxide reaction product. In making up aqueous dispersions, it is advantageous to use up to about 0.5% (based on the aggregate weight of the hydrogenated fish oil and allwle'ne oxide reaction product) of a suitable alkaline dispersing agent such as an alkylolamine, e. 8-. triethanolamine. Small amounts of tetrachlorphenol may also be added to the dispersion as a stabilfor example, dispersions having light transmissions of at least about 80% by the Fischer Electrophotometer A. C. Model at 1.5%. by weight,

concentrations, and when containing only the I hydrogenated fish oil and alkylene oxide reaction products of the yarn-conditioning composition of this invention.

The composition of this invention'is advantageously applied to the yarn prior to the twisting operations. The treated yarn may, ifdesired, be dried before being subjected to twisting. In the production of textile materials from yarns such as regenerated cellulosic yarns. it s particularly advantageous to treat the yarn before it has been subjected to the first drying stage normally incident to its production. This may be done with especial advantage when viscose rayon, for example, is produced by ,the continuous process as described in Terrence Patent No. 2,284,497 by applying an aqueous dispersion of the yarn-treating composition to the viscose rayon just prior to the delivery of the yarn to the drying reel on which the yarn is continuously dried prior to twisting. The amount of the composition deposited on the yarn may range from about .75 to 10%, by weight, of the yarn and more advantageously from 2%"to about 4%. The invention will be more fully by referdeposit on the yarn of 3 a refractive index at 25 c. of about 1.405, an acidqnumber. or 0.15, and a pH in 4% solution of 8. I y I The hydrogenated fish oil and ethylene oxide reaction product were heated to about to 0. About 207 grams oi triethanolamine were s then added to the liquid mixture and the temperature was thereafter increased to about 85 C. to form a clear solution. Suificient hot water at a temperature between about and C. was then added to the solution to make a 15%. by weight, dispersion. The addition of water was completed within a period of no more than 30 minutes and during the entire period the temperature of thesolution was maintained at a minimum of 75 0., the solution being vigorously stirred during the addition of the water. Thereafter, the dispersion was quickly cooled, within a period of about 30 minutes, to a-temperature or about 20 C. by means of a cooling coil. The operations of adding water and stirring were conducted so as to prevent the sucking in of air. 1700 grams of tetrachlorphenol, dissolved in 10 liters of water were then added to the 15%, by weight, dispersion.

A dispersion of very fine particle size was "obtained. A portion of the 15% dispersion diluted with water to form a 1.5%, by weight, dispersion showed a light transmission of over 80% by the Fischer Electrophotometer A. C. Model. The origsisnal 15% solution had a light transmission of A 1.5% aqueous dispersion was applied to wet, freshly spun and washed 75 denier, 30 filament, untwisted, continuous-filament, viscose rayon yarn .while the yarn was being temporarily stored on a thread-advancing, thread-storing reel, Just prior to the drying stage of a continuous rayon spinning and processing machine as-described. for example, in Torrence Patent No. 2,284,497. The yarn was there treated for about ten to fifteen seconds. The treated yarn was continuously advanced to a succeeding thread-advancing, thread-storage device upon which it was dried and thereafter collectedon bobbins.

Then the yarn was given about 30 to 35 turns I per inch twist and thereafter knitted into hosence to the following example although it is to be understood that the invention is not limited thereto.

Example one mole of sorbitan trioleate. The hydrogenicry. Ether extractions of the hosiery showed a V496 to 3%%, by weight. of the yarn-conditioning composition. The hosiery was easily and quickly scoured free of its yarn-conditioning composition by washing in aqueous detergent compositions. The hosiery was remarkably free from snags, pulls and fits.- ment breakages, had a very uniform construction and was of very desirable quality.

Although the foregoing example illustrates the application of the invention to hosiery type viscose rayon, i. e. regenerated cellulose, yarns as produced by the continuous rayon spinning and processing methods, it is to be understood that the invention is not intended to be limited thereto. The invention may be employed with advantage in producing staple fiber yarns, and

ated fish oil had a melting point of about 50 c., 10

an iodine number of about 30, less than 0.5% free, fatty acid and a saponification number of about 190. The ethylene oxide reaction product is a syrupy liquid containing about 5% water and" having a specific gravity at 25- C. of about 1.022, lo

yarns of any denier useful in the textile field. The yarn-treating'composition of this invention may also be employed with yarns made from nonmetallic, organic filamentary materials such as, for example, cellulose acetate, cotton, nylon, natural and artificial wools. etc. It may be applied to yarns in package form or in skein form as distinguished from the method described in theabov'e example. Such packages or skeins may be immersed with advantage in solutions of the composition ingredients, such as, for example, in

, weight, of about 1 part of said ethylene oxide position comprising hydrogenated fish oil and a product formed by reacting at least about moles of an alkylene oxide with one mole of a partial polyester 01 a fatty acid containing at least twelve carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol selected fromthe group consisting of hexahydric alcohols and the anhydro derivatives of such alcohols; said hydrogenated fish oil and ester reaction product being present in said composition in proportions, by weight, of about 0.82 to 1 parts of said hydrogenated fish oil to 1 part of said ester reaction product; said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting point of between about C. and 60 C.

2. A yarn which has been treated with a composition comprising a hydrogenated fish oil and a reaction product formed by reacting at least about twenty moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of a sorbitan partial polyester 01 a fatty acid containing at least twelve carbon atoms; said composition ingredients being present in proportions, by weight, of about 1 part of said ethylene oxide reaction product to from about .32 to 1 parts of the hydrogenated fish oil; said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting point between 30 C. and 60 C. and an iodine number below about 50, and said yarn having been treated so that in a dry state it contains a total of about to 10.0%, by weight, of said composition ingredients.

3. A yarn which has been treated with a composition comprising a hydrogenated fish oil and a reaction product formed by reacting at least about twenty moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of a partial polyester of a fatty acid containing at least twelve carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of hexahydric alcohols and the anhydro derivatives of such alcohols; said hydrogenated fish oil and ethylene oxide reaction product being present in proportions, by weight, of about 1 part of said ethylene oxide reaction product to from about .82 to 1 parts of the hydrogenated fish oil; said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting point between 30 C. and 60 C. and an iodine number below about 50 and said yarn having been treated so that in a dry state it contains a total of about 175% to 10.0%, by weight, of said ingredients.

4. A regenerated cellulose yarn which has been treated with composition comprising a hydrogenated fish oil and a reaction product formed by reacting at least about twenty moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of sorbitan trioleate; said hydrogenated fish oil and ethylene oxide reaction product being present in said composition in proportions, by weight, of about 1 part of said ethylene oxide reaction product to from about .82 to 1 parts of the hydrogenated fish 011; said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting point between C. and 55 C. and an iodine number I below about said yarn having been treated so that in a dry state it contains a total of about .8% to 4% of said composition ingredients.

5. A regenerated cellulose yarn which has been treated with a composition comprising a hydrogenated fish oil and a reaction product formed by reacting at least about twenty moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of mannitan trioleate; said hydrogenated fish oil and ethylene oxide reaction product being present in proportions. by

reaction product to from about .82 to 1 parts of the hydrogenated fish oil: said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting point between 40' C. and 55 C. and an iodine number below about 45,

said yarn having been treated so that in a dry state it contains a total of about .8% to 4%. by weight, of said ingredients,

6. A composition for the treatment of yarns,

threads, filaments, and the like, comprising a hydrogenated fish oil and a product formed by reacting at least about 20 moles of an alkylene oxide with one mole oi. a partial polyester of a fatty acid containing at least twelve carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of hexahydric alcohols and the anhydro derivatives of such alcohols; said hydrogenated fish oil and ester reaction product being present in said composition in proportions, by weight, of about 0.82 to 1 parts of said hydrogenated fish oil to 1 partof said ester reaction product; said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting point of between about 30 C. and 60 C.

7. A composition for the treatment of yarns, threads, filaments, and the like, comprising a hydrogenated fish oil and a product formed by reacting at least about twenty moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of a partial polyester oi a fatty acid containing at least twelve carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of hexahydric alcohols and the anhydro derivatives oi such alcohols; said hydrogenated fish oil and ester reaction product being present in said composition in proportions, by weight, of about 0.82 to 1 parts oi said hydrogenated fish oil to 1 part of said ester reaction product; said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting point of between about 30 C. and 60 C.

8. A composition for the treatment of yarns, threads, filaments, and the like comprising a hydrogenated fish oil and a product formed by reacting at least about twenty moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of a partial polyester of a fatty acid containing at least twelve carbon atoms and a polyhydric alcohol selected from the group consisting of hexahydric alcohols and the anhydro derivatives of such alcohols; said composition ingredients being present in proportions, by weight, of about 1 part of said ethylene oxide reaction product to from about .82 to 1 parts of the hydrogenated fish oil; said hydrogenated fish oil having a, melting point between 30 C. and 60 C. and an iodine number below about 50.

9. A composition for the treatment of yarns, threads, filaments, and the like, comprising an aqueous dispersion of about .3% to 5.0%, by weight, combined concentration of a hydrogenated fish oil and a product formed by reacting at-least about twenty moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of a sorbitan partial polyester of a fatty acid containing at least twelve carbon atoms; said composition ingredients being present in proportions, by weight, of about 1 part of said ethylene oxide reaction product to from about .82 to 1 parts of the hydrogenated fish oil; said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting point between 30 C. and 60 C..and an iodine number below about 50.

10. A composition for the treatment of regenerated cellulose yarns, threads, filaments, and the like, comprising an aqueous dispersion of about .3% to 5.0%, by weight, combined concentration of a hydrogenated fish oil and a product formed by reacting at least about twenty moles of ethylene oxide with one mole of sorbitan trioleate; said composition ingredients beingpresent in proportions. by weight, of about 1 part oi said ethylene oxide reaction product to from about .82 to 1 parts of the'hydrogenated fish oil: said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting point between 40' C. and 55 C. and an iodine number below about 45. i

11.1 composition for the treatment of regenerated cellulose yarns, threads, filaments, and the like, comprising an aqueous dispersion of about .3% to 5.0%, by weight, combined concentration of a hydrogenated fish oil and a product formed by reacting at least about twenty moles oi ethylene oxide with one mole of mannitan trioleate: said composition ingredients being present in proportions, by weight, of about 1 part of said ethylene oxide reaction product to irom about .82 to 1 parts of the hydrogenated fish oil; ,said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting point between 40 C and 55 C. and an iodine number below about 45.

12. A composition for the treatment of regenera'ted cellulose yarns, threads, filaments, and the like, comprising an aqueous dispersion of about .3% to 5.0%, by weight, combined concentration of a hydrogenated fish oil and a product formed by reacting at least about twenty moles of ethylene-oxide with one mole of sorbitan trilaurate; said composition ingredients being present in proportions, by weight, of about 1 part of said ethylene oxide reaction product to from I about .82 to 1 parts of the hydrogenated fish 011;

said hydrogenated fish oil having a melting'point between 40 C. and 55 C. and an iodine number below about 45.-

ROBERT D. MAcLAURIN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS OTHER REFERENCES 15 "Spans and Tweens, pamphlet published by Atlas Powder 00., Dec. 1943. pa es 2 and 11.