CS209763B1 - Mixed synergistic desiccant - Google Patents

Abstract

Mixed synergistic desiccant preparation based on 1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium ion in the form of free ion, dibromide or dibromide monohydrate, consisting of 0.2 to 25 parts by weight of 1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium ion and 75 to 99.8 parts by weight of nitrogen in the form of a eutectic solution of ammonium nitrate and urea or a urea solution alone and optionally 0.01 to 0.4 parts by weight of a wetting agent.

Description

(54) Mixed synergistic desiccant

Mixed synergistic desiccant preparation based on 1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium ion in the form of free ion, dibromide or dibromide monohydrate, consisting of 0.2 to 25 parts by weight of 1,1'-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium ion and 75 to 99.8 parts by weight of nitrogen in the form of a eutectic solution of ammonium nitrate and urea or a urea solution alone and optionally 0.01 to 0.4 parts by weight of a wetting agent.

The subject of the invention is a mixed synergistic desiccant based on the quaternary ammonium compound 1,1-ethylene-2,2'-bipyridylium ion.

It is known that the ripening of many agricultural crops takes place over a longer period of time. Fruits and seeds of plants ripen, e.g. earlier in the lower or first flowering parts and only later in the middle and upper or later flowering parts of the generative organs. Mechanized harvesting of such crops (oilseed rape, date palm seeds, sunflower, legumes, etc.) requires that the majority of seeds and fruits are physiologically mature at the time of harvesting and that individual organs and whole plants have a low water content. This state is reached at different times depending on weather conditions, but always at a time when many seeds and fruits are already overripe, easily fall off the plants themselves or when mechanically touched, and are the cause of losses in the effective harvest. These losses are significant compared to biological harvests and often reach 20 percent or more.

In order to artificially accelerate the ripening process of crops, the so-called desiccation is used in practice, which means the chemical drying of plants. The aim of chemical desiccation is to stop growth at a given stage, by causing accelerated loss of water from the desiccated plants, preparing the growth of the desiccated crop for mechanized harvesting. It is an artificial intervention that prevents crop losses when using modern harvesting technologies.

Chemical desiccation has other reasons in many cases. In seed potatoes, chemical desiccation, by accelerating the drying process, reduces viral diseases and thus improves the health of the tubers, sometimes a higher yield of tubers of suitable planting size, etc. In ware potatoes, desiccation reduces the attack of fungal diseases and prevents tuber rot during storage. Desiccation of sluggish, overgrown and weedy cereal crops saves crops that cannot be harvested mechanically, and in sugar beet seed crops, desiccation increases the quality and quantity of seeds. Forage desiccation is being introduced because high losses are constantly occurring during harvesting and preservation. The desiccated crop is harvested without operations such as turning, pressing and raking, which are the cause of losses. Hot air drying of feed from desiccated stands results in a surprising reduction in fuel consumption.

In short, chemical desiccation enables mechanized crop harvesting, reduces harvest losses, improves crop quality, mitigates the adverse effects of weather on the course of harvesting operations, achieves savings in costs and live labor, and saves significant energy.

For chemical desiccation, a number of contact herbicides can be used in a sufficient overdose compared to the corresponding doses used for selective weed control. The previously used effective desiccants such as sodium chlorate, DNBP, DNOC and others, taking into account many disadvantages, are replaced by quaternary ammonium bases, namely the preparation Regione, which contains diquat /1,1^-ethylene-2,2 -bipyridylium ion/ as an active substance. More recently, the preparation Purível with the content of methoxuron as an active substance /N - /3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl 1/-N*,N ^- -dimethylurea/ has become interesting.

To improve the desiccant effect, surface-active substances, surfactants, are added to spray liquids with desiccant preparations. Common are various derivatives of polyethylene glycol ether /preparations Agral 90, Citowett, Triton 007/, various preparations under the name Monillant-C-7441, Sandovit Conc., mineral oils: /Togastan/ and the like. Increased desiccant effect is achieved by improving the wetting of the surface of plant organs after adding surfactants to spray substances.

The desiccation procedures used include the preparation of spray liquids by diluting the recommended doses of the desiccant in water, possibly with the addition of a wetting agent, and spraying the crop at the appropriate time in volumes usually 50 to 200 l for aerial application and 200 to 600 l per ha for ground application. The dosage of desiccants, or the spray volume, is determined by the instructions for use and is specified in more detail according to the desiccated culture, the state of the crop, the presence of weeds and after 1,

It has now been found that a very good desiccant effect can be achieved with a mixed synergistic desiccant preparation based on 1,1-ethylene-2,2-bipyridylium ion of the formula

used in the form of free ion, dibromide or dibromide monohydrate.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the desiccant composition consists of 0.2 to 25 parts by weight of 1,1-ethylene-2,2-bipyridylium ion in the form of a free ion, dibromide or dibromide monohydrate and 75 to 99.8 parts by weight of nitrogen in the form of a eutectic solution of ammonium nitrate and urea, or of the urea solution itself. A wetting agent is optionally added to the mixture in an amount of 0.01 to 0.4 parts by weight.

The preparation according to the invention achieves a significant increase in the desiccant effect, which is manifested by accelerated loss of water from plant organs, drying of plants and accelerated ripening of seeds and fruits, or the possibility of maintaining the desiccant effect by reducing the dose of the desiccant preparation. Simultaneous application of liquid fertilizer with a desiccant increases the metabolic involvement of the active substance of the desiccant in the mechanism of action, which results in a synergistic effect.

• The preparation according to the invention further brings the advantage that it is expedient to add nutrients, mainly nitrogen, to the organic residues after the harvest of seeds and fruits before their plowing to accelerate the decomposition in the soil. The composition of organic crop residues is characterized by a high content of cellulose, lignin and a very low content of proteins and ash. This results in a relatively very wide ratio of C:N, or C:P 0^. With a relatively high requirement of the soil microflora, mainly for nitrogen, but also phosphorus during the decomposition of plowed organic residues, the content of nutrients in the plowed material is not sufficient. In order to prevent nutrient deficiency during decomposition, or for the subsequent sown crop as a result of biological sorption by microorganisms that decompose the plowed material, industrial fertilizers are commonly spread to the organic crop residues before their plowing. Combining the purpose of desiccation and adding nutrients to straw and organic crop residues in one operation, in the application of a desiccant preparation in liquid fertilizer or in its mixture with water, additionally saves one work operation in the field.

Plowed organic matter treated with the preparation according to the invention is characterized by an increased nutrient content, because by spraying the plants before harvesting, their more uniform distribution is achieved, the organic matter is soaked with nutrients, which ultimately results in faster decomposition in the soil, than when fertilizers are added to the organic matter before plowing.

The advantage of the preparation according to the invention is that the quality of seeds and fruits is not negatively affected after using liquid fertilizers as a medium for diluting desiccants. The possibility of reducing the dose of desiccant preparations also means a reduction in toxicological risk.

- in the event of drift of spray material applied by air or ground

- in case of danger of poisoning of game

- in reducing residues in straw and stalks of desiccated crops used for animal feed.

The following examples illustrate, but do not limit, the subject matter of the invention.

example 1

The winter rapeseed crop on the Paseka farm was treated by air at a time suitable for chemical desiccation with a dose of 4 1 Regione per ha diluted in 70 1 water and the same, respectively. destroyed doses, i.e. 4; 3 and 2 1 of the product per ha, diluted in 70 of the liquid fertilizer DAM-390. In all cases, the wetting agent Citowett was used in a concentration of 0.1 Z. On the 7th day at the time of mechanized harvesting of the crop, the desiccation effect was determined according to the following scale:

= standard treatment with Regione in water + 1 and better than Standard + 2 significantly better than Standard.

In addition, the dry matter of the seed in % and the content of total N in the seed and in the straw were determined. The desiccant effect of Regione by dilution in DAM-390 increased and even in the destroyed doses of the preparation by 1/4, respectively. by 1/2 it did not lag behind in all monitored indicators /tab. 1/ behind the standard 4 1 Regione, diluted in water. The content of N in the plowed straw after Regione alone was 0.66 Z in combination with ' DAM-390 1.43 Z.

Tab. 1 Results of desiccation experiment at JZD Paseka

Dose variant on ha desiccant effect seed dry matter in 2 content N in Z 4 1 Region in 70 1 water 0 81.3 3.96 in 70 1 DAM-390 + 1 81 .2 3.77 3 1 II 0 82.4 3.92 2 1 II 0 82.1 3.90

Example 2

The winter rape crop on the Sedmihorky farm was treated at a time suitable for chemical desiccation with a dose of 4 l of Regione in 100 l of water per ha by air, as well as with the same or destroyed doses of the preparation diluted in the liquid fertilizer DAM-390, also in a volume of 100 l per ha. In all cases, the wetting agent Citowett was added to the spray materials in a concentration of 0.1 Z. On the 8th day at the time of mechanized harvesting of the crop, the desiccation effect, seed dry matter and N content were determined in the same way as in example 1. The desiccation effect /tab. 2/ was significantly better in the same and 1/4 reduced dose of Regione in DAM-390 and in the dose reduced by 1/2 the same as in the standard treatment of 4 l of the preparation in water per ha. The dry matter of the seed varied in balanced values in all variants.

Tab. 2 Results of the desiccation experiment at the Sedmihorky JZD

Variant dose per ha desiccant effect seed dry matter in Z content N in Z 4 1 Region in 100 1 water 0 79.8 3.19 ’’ in 100 1 DAM-390 + 2 78.7 2.89 3 1 + 2 79.5 3.11 2 1 lf 0 79.4 2.78

Example 3

The winter rapeseed crop on the Kolny Agricultural Farm was treated at the time suitable for desiccation with a dose of 2 1 Regione in 80 1 water by air and the same as the destroyed doses of the preparation in 80 1 DAM-390, also by air. On the 5th day after spraying during mechanized harvesting, the desiccation effect, seed dry matter and total N content in seed and straw were determined using the same procedure as in example 1. The desiccation effect of the Regione + DAM-390 mixtures, even with reduced doses of the desiccant preparation by 1/4»resp. by 1/2, was significantly better than in the standard treatment with Regione diluted in water /tab. 3/. The significantly better effect of the mixtures was also reflected in the values of seed dry matter.

Tab. 3 The results of the desiccation experiment at the Kolny Hospital

Variant dose per ha desiccant effect seed dry matter in Z content of the seed N in Z in straw 2 1 Regions in 80 1 water 0 76.06 2.88 0.35 » in 80 1 DAM-390 + 2 84.05 3.20 0.60 1.5 II + 2 84.16 3.05 0.62 1.0 II + 1 82.52 3.13 0.60

Example 4

The winter rapeseed crop on the Otice JZD was treated with a ground sprayer at a time suitable for chemical desiccation, with a dose of 4 1 Regione in a volume of 450 1 water per ha, as well as the same, or destroyed doses of the preparation in a mixture of 150 1 DAM-390 + 300 1 water per ha. In all cases, the wetting agent Citowett was also added to the spray materials in an amount of 0.2 1. On the 8th day after application, before harvesting, the desiccation effect was determined by the same procedure as in example 1 and the seed dry matter. The desiccation effect of the corresponding dose of Regione with the addition of DAM-390 was higher, and both reduced doses of the preparation were the same as in the standard treatment /Regione in water/. The effect of the addition of DAM-390 was clearly manifested /tab. 4/ in increased values of seed dry matter in all variants.

Tab. 4 Results of the desiccation experiment at the Otice Hospital

Variant dose per ha desiccation effect of seed dry matter in Z

1 Region in 4 1 + 3 1

1

450 1 water

150 1 DAM-390 + 300 1 water

II It

II II .

o + 1 o o

83.6

85.5

85.3

85.2

Example 5

Pea crops on the Hvozdíce farm were treated by air at a time suitable for chemical desiccation with a dose of 3 l of Regione in 70 l of water per ha and also with the same and destroyed dose of the preparation, diluted in 70 l of DAM-390 per ha. In all cases, the wetting agent Citowett was also used. The desiccation effect, determined as shown in example 1, showed the following values at harvest, on the 5th day after spraying:

3 1 Region in 70 1 water on ha 3 1 Region in 70 1 DAM-390 on ha 2 1 Region in 70 1 DAM-390 on ha

and was significantly better at the same dose of the preparation diluted in DAM-390 and at a dose reduced by 1/3, equal to the standard Regione treatment in water.

Example 6

The sunflower crop at the Mana Regional Agricultural Reserve was treated by air with graduated doses of Regione in a volume of 100 l of water per ha and also with graduated doses of Regione diluted in 100 l of DAM-390 per ha at a time suitable for chemical desiccation. The desiccation effect was determined by the time interval from the day of application, when the treated crop was suitable for combine harvest and was completely dry /when crushed in the hands, the plant organs crumbled, the seeds in the pod were separated, dried and easily fell out when touched/. The dry matter of the seed was determined both at the time when the crop in the most effective variant was suitable for harvest /8th day after application/ and on the day of harvest of each respective variant. The results were as follows:

Variant dose per ha number of days from application to harvest dry on day 8 seeds in Z on the day collection 6 1 Region in 100 1 water 9 83.9 85.3 3 1 Region in 100 1 water 12 77, 1 87.9 6 1 Region in 100 1 DAM-390 8 86.5 86.5 3 1 Region in 100 1 DAM-390 10 80.3 84.4 1.5 1 Region in 100 1 DAM-390 10 80.6 85.7 0 29 72.1 84.4

Regione in DAM-390 was significantly more effective than when diluted with water. In variants with the same doses of the product in fertilizer, mechanized harvesting could be carried out earlier and the dry matter of the seeds on the 8th day after application was significantly higher. Even so, a low dose of the product as 1.5 l per ha in DAM-390 led to better results in the monitored indicators than 3 l of the product per ha in water.

Claims (1)

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION Mixed synergistic desiccant based on 1,1 * -ethylene-2,2 * -bipyridyl ion in the form of free ion, dibromide or dibromide monohydrate, characterized in that it consists of 0.2 to 25 parts by weight of 1,1-ethylene-2 2'-bipyridium ion and 75 to 99.8 parts by weight of nitrogen in the form of a eutectic ammonium nitrate / urea solution or urea solution alone, and 0.01 to 0.4 parts by weight of a wetting agent, respectively.