DE2357128A1 - METHODS FOR IMPROVING PLANT GROWTH AND SACCHARIDE CONTENT IN THE HARVEST OBTAINED THEREOF - Google Patents

Description

DR. ING. E. HOFFMANN · DIPL ·. ING. W. EITLE · DK. HER. NAT. K. HOFFMANN

PATENT LAWYERS D-8000 MÖNCHEN 81 ■ ARABELLASTRASSE 4 · TELEPHONE (0811) 911087

EISAI CO., LTD., Tokyo / Japan

Process for improving plant growth and saccharide content in the crops obtained therefrom

The invention relates to a method for improvement plant growth by fertilizing with a water-soluble salt of condensed phosphoric acid. In the inventive Procedures are sprayed the leaf surfaces or under the bark or in the texture of the trunk of the The agent is injected into plants. The plants thus take up larger amounts of phosphoric acid components than they do would only absorb through the roots' This implies that the growth of the plants is better and takes place at the same time an enrichment of the saccharide content in the fruits and vegetables that are harvested, i.e. "in the yield of the plants, "instead of β

The invention relates to an improvement in the cultivation of plants and the fruits harvested from the plants. The invention relates particularly to a method to improve the stability of the growing plants to cold weather, plant diseases and freezing or freezing, and a method, which are harvested from the cultured plants are the saccharide content of the fruit and vegetables _8, anzureichernβ

Plants and vegetables typically grow ₉ by taking in nutrients through their roots. Recently it was »

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shows that plants and vegetables also contain a remarkable amount of nitrogen through the surfaces of their leaves Compounds like urea and other compounds like phosphoric acid, potassium and small amounts of other elements how boron, manganese, iron, zinc can absorb elements, which are believed to be essential for the life and growth of plants.

It is believed that the phosphoric acid present in plants and vegetables has biological effects such as photosynthesis the saccharides, the metabolism of the texture and the breathing of the plants.

At present, the phosphoric acid for cultivation or breeding is mainly used in the soil in the form of a phosphate fertilizer supplied, which contains water-soluble o-phosphoric acid salts. However, as part of the phosphoric acid salts used in this way forms possibly water-insoluble phosphates of iron, aluminum and other metals, which for example usually present in the soil, and as the resulting water-insoluble metal salts of phosphoric acid are difficult to be absorbed by the plants through their roots, one obtains at a certain amount Phosphoric acid does not have the expected fertilizing effect.

In order to circumvent the aforementioned difficulty, various Possible to fertilize the plants with phosphoric acid through their leaf surfaces, and some suggested by they were put into practice. However, since only a small amount of phosphoric acid compared with that used for the Desired biological effects are required, as previously mentioned, from the plants through their leaves can be included, no method has yet been found that can be used satisfactorily.

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You would get an amount of phosphoric acid that is sufficient for that To meet the biological requirements that plants can supply through their leaf surfaces would be a quick one and effective fertilization with phosphoric acid is achieved without wasting the fertilized phosphoric acid.

The applicant has surprisingly found that water-soluble salts of condensed phosphoric acid easily from can be absorbed by the plants through their leaf surfaces or their stems, stems or stalks.

The phenomenon described above is surprising since it is inconceivable that the condensed phosphoric acids that have a higher molecular weight than ο-phosphoric acid themselves, are easily absorbed by the leaves or stems or stems or stems of the plants in an amount, which is sufficient for practical use, and since in the literature, as far as the applicant is known, no There are indications that one can apply condensed phosphoric acid to the leaves or stems of the plants has a positive effect.

If the condensed phosphoric acid is sprayed onto the surfaces of the leaves of the plants, in accordance with an inventive method Embodiment, you can check the resistance of plants to cold weather, plant diseases, Freeze, etc. improve or intensify, and this results in an improvement in the economic state of the agricultural plant,

Applicant does not wish to be limited to any mechanism which concerns the beneficial effect achieved according to the invention, but it can be convincingly postulated will show that the success of the present invention is related to the accumulation of a certain complex phosphate compound is related to that as a high energy source in

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Leaves and / or the stems of the plants is used. The plants are so resistant to attack from undesirable environmental conditions such as cold weather, frost, long rain and Plant diseases are less sensitive and, on the other hand, the saccharide content of the plants and that of the plants becomes less sensitive obtained yields such as fruits and vegetables increased.

As examples of condensed phosphoric acids used in the can be used in the present invention, there can be mentioned those containing the phosphoric acid component in an amount in the Range from about 73 to about 86 wt.%, Calculated as PpOj- »contain or one can mention the corresponding salts, including the partially neutralized compounds thereof.

Condensed phosphoric acids can be prepared by many known methods and any of the known methods can equally well be used in the present invention will.

In one embodiment of the invention, which is explained below, a condensed phosphoric acid is used, which is obtained by mixing o-phosphoric acid (Η, ΡΟλ) and phosphoric anhydride, ie phosphorus pentoxide (PpOc) _f , and heating the resulting mixture.

The chemical analysis of the condensed phosphoric acid containing 83% by weight of P ₂ O ₅ is as follows

ο-phosphoric acid 6 {%)

Pyrophosphoric acid 19

Tripolyphosphoric acid 18

T e trap οlypho sphor acid 15

other polyphosphoric acids higher than pentapolyphosphoric acid including the latter 42

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About 85% of the total free hydroxyl groups of the condensed Phosphoric acid mixture are neutralized with an aqueous solution of KOH, the resulting product becomes Preparation of a condensed phosphoric acid concentrate (A) of the following composition is used

P ₂ 0 ₅ content 15% by weight

K ₂ 0 content ■ 14% by weight

H ₂ 0 content 71% by weight

When applied to the leaf surfaces, a dilute aqueous solution, usually about 0.05 to 1 wt.% of condensed phosphoric acid, calculated as P? ° 5 » used and which is prepared by adding the aforementioned aqueous concentrate (A) with an appropriate amount of Tap water diluted. However, one can use higher concentrations or more dilute concentrations, depending partly on the desired amount of active ingredients in the solution applied to the leaves should, and in part depending on the physical nature of the leaf surfaces of the plants to be treated. In addition, certain well-known water-soluble or water-compatible adhesives or adhesives such as Sugar ester, Tween-80, a trade name for a complex mixture of polyoxyethylene ethers of mixed partial oleic acid esters of sorbitol anhydride, etc., are added to the solution in an amount of approximately 0.1 to 0.2% by weight, to improve the adhesion of the formulation to the leaves of the plants after spraying.

According to the invention, the dilute, aqueous solution of condensed phosphoric acid described in the previous sections can be sprayed directly onto the leaves of various growing vegetables such as eggplants, tomatoes, strawberries, spinach, beets, cabbage _s sweet potatoes ₉ melons, watermelon corn, pumpkin, carrots or yellow beets, radish ^ sugar cane, beets, pineapples and bananas, on the

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Leaves of various fruit trees such as on grape vines, tangerine trees, Apple trees, pear trees, grapefruit trees, mulberry trees, plum trees, apricot trees, medlar trees, Tea trees, date trees, chestnut trees as well as the plant and tree nurseries thereof can be applied. Instead of that the solution of the condensed phosphoric acid is sprayed, you can also according to a further invention Feature Inject the solution into the stalks, trunks or stems or bark of the fruit trees »

As a result of treatment with the condensed phosphoric acid solution according to the present invention, the plants are not only affected by damage such as powdery mildew or Pest infestation of the branches of the mulberry trees caused by late frost in spring by freezing the buds of vines and protected from meltau and root rot of plants and vegetables, but the plants also become more resistant to cold weather and frost, and also the saccharide content in the harvested ones Fruits and vegetables, i.e. in yields, increased.

The following examples illustrate the invention without restricting it.

example 1 Effect of the condensed phosphate on the mulberry tree

It is known that the resistance properties of mulberry trees to cold weather and frost during Bud shoots in spring, the quality of the harvested leaves strongly depends on the amount of nutrients, which the tree takes up and keeps in the season towards the end of autumn.

The following tests were carried out to determine what influences one receives and how the behavior of the

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Preserved nutrients that remain in the mulberry tree is affected when using condensed phosphoric acid or Apply polyphosphoric acid to the plants beforehand by spraying the leaves with it.

(a) Spraying or spreading method

Two plots A and B with planted mulberry trees, whereby the leaves of the young trunks were 1 to 1.5 m high, were selected, plot A being used for comparison and plot B being used for the trial.

Two aqueous solutions a ^! and b ¹ produced. Solution a ^f was used for the above comparison plot A and contained potassium o-phosphate with a calculated concentration of 0.75% P ₂ ⁰ C and 0.7% KpO. Solution b ¹ was intended for the above-mentioned test plot B and contained the potassium salt of condensed phosphoric acid with a concentration ^{corresponding to 0.75% p} ? ° 5 ^^ ° »^ KpO.

Solutions a ¹ and b ¹ were applied separately twice on August 20 and September 18, 1972 by spraying on all the leaves of the plants in the two plots an amount sufficient to completely wet both sides of the leaves.

The plants in plots A and B, which had been treated in this way, were weathered under normal field conditions exposed.

(b) Observation of the condition of the grown leaves

The first frost occurred on October 31 of the year. The next During the day, the leaves were photographed to determine their shape and condition.

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A comparison of the photographs shows that most of the plant leaves in plot A were dark in color and almost dead, while the leaves of the plants of the Lot B suffered only a little from the frost and most of the leaves were undamaged.

(c) Observing the condition of the stems of the branches

Towards the end of November of the same year, after all the leaves of the plants in plots A and B had fallen off Cut 20 free terminal stems of the branches 10 cm in length from the corresponding plants in the plots. The rate of growth and the content of the nutrients thereof were determined. It should be noted that all cut stems had grown fresh in the time after the application of the phosphoric acid solution and accordingly, the surfaces thereof were not contaminated by the condensed phosphoric acid used.

The average values of the results obtained are in the Table I below.

Table I. Parcel A Parcel B

Stem diameter (mm) 2.94 4.11

(Value, converted for comparison) (100) (140) Weight of the stem (g) without drying 19.2 22.9 (Value, calculated for comparison) (100) (119) Weight of the stem (g) with complete Drying 7.15 11.05 (value, converted for comparison) (100) (155)

Phosphoric acid content (mg) 42 74

(Value, converted for comparison) (100) (176) reducing saccharide (mg) 84 115 (Value, converted for comparison) (100) (137) non-reducing saccharide

(mg) 405,621

(Value, converted for comparison) (100 J (140)

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From the above results it can be seen that the growth and nutrient retention of the branches obtained from the Plants from plot B obtained are much better than those from the plants from plot A.

(d) Investigation of whether the branches are infested with pests or rot ____->_> ____-___ ^ _____ ™ _.___ ^ _ »« ___ ™ _ _t __ _- _____

The investigation was carried out in April 1971 with each stem longer than 30 cm and approximately 60% of the total length of the Stiels corresponds «, one examined for putrefaction or for powdery mildew. It was found that 39.5% of the total leaves of the Plants in plot A were infested with rot and of the plants in plot B only 8.8% showed pest infestation .

It was found again that the condensed phosphoric acid has excellent activity in protecting the leaves from attack by branch rot.

In the analysis it was found that in the branches of the plants of plots A and B 0.006% and 0.01% of the 80% Ethyl alcohol-soluble phosphoric acid compound were found «,

Example 2

Attempt to protect grape buds from frost. Two aqueous solutions were prepared _e one contained

0.15% Pp ^Ot 5 " ¹¹ ^ ^- ^ ^s ^ ^ ^ 2® ^ ⁿ F ° ^{rm of} Potassium Polyphosphate and

O _{9 contained} 15% Tween-80 as an adhesive and the other solution

0.15% P ₂ O ₅ and O ₅ 14% K ₂ O as potassium phosphate and 0.15% Tween-80 _β

These solutions were separated on the leaves for 10 years old grapes of the Delaware kind applied in two plots, which were sprayed 5 times every 15 days »each par»

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cell contained 10 plants. Spraying began on August 15, 1971.

In early December 1971 the soil of the plant plots was fertilized with a mixed fertilizer containing 15 kg of N,

15 kg P ₂ O ₅ and 15 kg K ₂ O per 10 ares, ie per 1000 m ² .

On April 30, 1972 the state of 10 branches by taken from each plant. The results of the observations are shown in Table II below.

Table II

Parcel that was sprayed with parcel that was sprayed with o-phosphate polyphosphate

dead buttons (%) 38.4 15.2

no buds (%) 9.6 3.5

Buds (%) 52.0 81.3

It is particularly evident from the figures in Table II that the percentage of dead buds in the plants that are sprayed with polyphosphate is significantly lower than that of the plants that are sprayed with o-phosphate.

Upon further observation, it was found that the rate of V growth and the strength of the buds treated with polyphosphate were better than those of the plants treated with o-phosphate were treated.

Example 3

Young tomato plants, the 10 same leaves, two branches with flowers and six green fruit had and bred cm in a clay pot with a diameter of 30 _s were divided into two groups. One group was used for the experiment and the other for comparison

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An aqueous solution of potassium o-phosphate with a concentration of 0.075% P ₂ ° 5 ^and ° »° 7 # ^K 2 ° w ¹¹¹ ^ S ¹ ^ ^{sprayed onto the} leaves of the plants in the comparison group, while an aqueous solution of potassium polyphosphate with a concentration of 0.075% P ₂ O ₅ and 0.7% K ₂ O was sprayed onto the leaves of the plants in the test group. The clay pots of the two groups were placed in a greenhouse and kept there for 2 months. During these times, each of the aforementioned aqueous solutions was repeatedly sprayed onto the plants of each group every 4 days in such an amount that the leaf surfaces were well moistened.

The base in each clay pot was originally 1.5 g of N, 1.5 g PpOc: and 1.5 g KpO have been fertilized and during the No further fertilization was used for growth.

At the end of the two month growing season, the plants were examined and the results are as follows Table III listed.

Table III

Comparison group, experimental group, treated with treated with ο-phosphate polyphosphate

average weight (g)

of 60 harvested fruits 112.1 141.8 (value calculation "comparison) (100) (126) average weight (g) d.total

grown plants with

Roots, undried 470.2 501.5

(Value, converted for comparison) (100) (107)

Average weight (g) of total plants grown with
Roots, dried 54.9-69.8

(Value, converted to comparison) (100) (127)

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It can be seen from these values that a significantly better yield of harvested ripe fruits is obtained in the test group than the peer group received. If one leaves the average weight of the total grown, Except for non-dried plants, it can be seen from the values in Table III that the dry weight of the treated plants is higher than that of the untreated plants, resulting in better growth of the treated Indicating plants.

Example 4 Effect of polyphosphoric acid on tangerine oranges

Tangerine trees belonging to the precocious species of "Unchu Mandarin "belonging to and standing in an orchard were divided into two groups, each group having ten trees were each ten years old. One of the groups or plots was used as an experiment and the other as a comparison used.

The plants of the comparison group were treated several times with an aqueous solution of potassium o-phosphate, which contained 0.075% ^E> 2 ° 5 ¹ ^ ° »° 7 ° ^K p °, by being applied to the leaf surface 4 times every four days the solution sprayed and started 30 days after harvest. The experimental group was treated several times with an aqueous solution of potassium polyphosphate containing 0.075% ^ o ^ ^ ¹ ^ 0.07% K ₂ O in the same way as the control plants.

20 ripe mandanrins were harvested from each tree of the two groups and the acids and saccharide contents the juices obtained from each of the 20 fruits of each group were determined. The results are listed in the table below.

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Table IV Experimental group,
treated with
Polyphosphate Peer group,
treated with
ο-phosphate 9.2
1.25 Saccharide content
Acidity 8.4
1.34

Sweetness ratio (saccharide

content: acidity) 6.27 7.52

From the fourths of Table IV it can be seen that the fruits the test group had a higher sweetness ratio, due to the higher saccharide content, and a lower acidity than the reference plants.

Example 5 Effect of condensed phosphoate acid on strawberries

Two groups of young strawberry plants of the Donner species were made grown in a greenhouse. Each group contained 20 plants, one group was for the trial and the other for the Used comparison. Each of the two groups was divided into two subgroups. The plants of one subgroup were covered with pieces of a No. 600 Victoria batiste cloth to regulate the projection or the incidence of sunlight.

In the season, bloomed as the plants, an aqueous solution of potassium ο-phosphate, 0.1% ^Ρρ Ο 5 ⁰ ^ ° "° ^ 9 K ₂ O was contained, 10 times every 2 days to the leaves of the two Sprayed on subgroups of the comparison group. _{An aqueous solution of potassium polyphosphate containing 0.1% P 2} O ₅ and 0.09% K ₂ O was applied to the leaves of the two subgroups of the test group in the same way as in the comparison group.

Independent of the above uses of the phosphate solutions were total per plant during the growing season

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1 g N, 3 g ^P 2 ° 5 ¹ ^ ¹ * ^{1 2 g K} 2 ° ^on Spracht, whereby the soil of the groups was fertilized. More specifically, a total of 3 g of P ₂ Oc was applied to the soil at the start of growth, while 60% of each of the total 1gN and total 2 g of K ₂ O was applied to the soil at the start of growth and the remainder, ie 40% of the The sum of the two components was applied twice to the soil during the growth.

The yield of harvested ripe fruit and the saccharide content of which were determined. The values obtained are given in Table V below.

Table V

Comparison group, behan
delt with o-phosphate Covering with cover
kiss 126 Experimental group, be
acts with polyphosphate with
cover without 205 860 without
cover 152 Number of harvested
ripe fruits 1450 47 221 1180 Weight of harvest, (g) 61 9.1 1740 58 % Of fruits with
superior quality 12.6 73 11.8 average saccharide
content (degree) 13.8

From the values in Table V above it can be seen that the yield, quality and saccharide content of the fruits, obtained with the test group is better than with the fruits of the comparison group. In particular, the increase is in the saccharide content of the fruits of the test subgroup, which was covered with a cloth, considerable.

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Claims (4)

- 15 claims Methods of treating growing plants, characterized in that an aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt of condensed phosphoric acid which optionally contains an adhesive or adhesive, sprays onto the leaf surfaces or under the bark or into the Texture of the plants injected to protect the treated plants against the attack of cold weather, frost and plant diseases to make them less sensitive and at the same time to reduce the saccharide content in the fruits and vegetables, that one harvested from the plants to increase. 2. Aqueous concentrate containing a water-soluble salt of condensed phosphoric acid, the concentrate after dilution with water to a concentration in the range from about 0.01 to 1% by weight of acidic component, calculated as P ₂ Oc »for fertilizing growing Plants is used by spraying it on the leaf surfaces or injecting it under the bark or into the texture of the plants - 3. Aqueous concentrate according to claim 2, characterized in that the condensed phosphoric acid component in the water-soluble salt thereof contains about 73% by weight to about 86% by weight, calculated as P ₂ ^O S '. 4. Aqueous concentrate according to claim 2, characterized in that the agent further comprises an appropriate amount of one Contains adhesive or adhesive. 40982 1/1154