DE2520122A1 - ACTIVE INGREDIENTS FOR AGRICULTURE AND HORTICULTURE AND THEIR APPLICATION - Google Patents

Description

DR. BERG DIPL.-ING. STAPF

MUNICH 86, POST BOX 860245

Dr. Berg Dipl.-Ing. Stapf, 8 Munich 86, P. O. Box 86 0245

Your symbol Our symbol 8 MONKS

Your ref. Our ref. Mauerkircherstraße 45 fl | Mn I 1Q79

Lawyer file 26 006
Be / Ro

1. Walter Wolfgang Schwabe, "Audlea", Bilting, Near Ashford, Kent, England

2. Gerald Kilgour Goldwin "Milland", Stone Hill, Sellindge, Kent, England

"Active ingredients for agriculture and horticulture and

their application "

This invention relates to active ingredients for agriculture and Horticulture, process for the treatment of fruit trees or other vegetative forms of fruit-bearing plants for Increase in fruit formation, and in particular mixtures of plant growth hormones, as well as treatment methods of the

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S098A8 / 1072

"(0811) 988272" Telegrams: BERGSTAPFPATENT Munich Banks: Bayerische Vereinsbank Munich "3100

987043 TELEX 0524560 BERGd Hypo-Bank Munich 3892623

33 ig postal check Munich 653

Apples and stone fruits with these hormones »

The production of apples and stone fruits, in order to be economical, depends on a number of factors, which cannot be controlled by the producer. For example, a serious reason for a bad harvest, namely for a deficient fruit set, the ineffective pollination, for example by disadvantageous Weather conditions or by reducing the activity of the insects.

A treatment has now been developed that uses a special combination of plant growth hormones provides, whereby it is possible to achieve significantly increased apple and stone fruit harvests.

The present invention therefore relates in one respect to a method for increasing fruit production in fruit trees or other vegetative forms of an apple or stone fruit plant, for which purpose effective amounts of an auxin, G -ibberellins and a substituted urea of the formula R ¹ NHCONHR ² , where in the formula R ^{1 is} a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group or a substituted

2nd or unsubstituted heterocyclic group and R

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a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group is.

The term "stone fruit", as it is used here, includes fruits of the genus Prunus and furthermore, for example, cherries, plums (including pure claws and damask plums), apricots, peaches and Understand nectarines.

Only a relatively small amount of auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea needs to be applied to the plant to increase fruiting so that generally sufficient amounts can be applied thereby nen that the plants are sprayed as a whole in order to apply the liquid preparation containing 10 to 500 ppm gibberellin, Contains 10 to 250 ppm auxin and 10 to 1000 ppm substituted urea.

Although auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea can be applied successively to the plants intended for treatment, it is most expedient to apply them to be applied simultaneously, i.e. in the form of a preparation, which contains all three substances as active ingredients.

The present invention therefore further comprises a preparation for increasing fruit production as active ingredients Auxin, gibberellin and a substituted urinary

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25 2 012

contains substance of the formula R NHCONHR, where in the formula R is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted one Hydrocarbon group or a substituted one

2 or unsubstituted heterocyclic group and R

is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group.

Auxins and gibberellins are plant growth regulators, and numerous forms of them are known.

Auxins, a large number of which are used industrially as herbicides, can be defined as substances that promote cell expansion. A large number of the synthetic auxins mimick the effects of the natural occurring auxins, the indolylacetic acid and these synthetic compounds are advantageous used in the method of this invention. In general, substances with auxin-like effectiveness can through the wheat coleoptil or the pea hypocotyl test.

Examples of auxins which are useful according to the present invention are the naphthyl derivatives, for example 1-naphthylacetic acid and 2-naphthoxyacetic acid. To further Examples include: phenoxyalkanoic acids including phenoxyacetic acids such as 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA), 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) and

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2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T); Phenoxypropionic acid, for example 2- (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) propionic acid (CMPP or Mecoprop) and 2- (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid (2,4DP or dichloroprop) and phenoxybutyric acids, for example 4- (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) butyric acid (2,4-DB) and 4- (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) butyric acid (MCPB). Another class of auxins are the substituted ones Benzoic acids such as 2,4,5-trichlorobenzoic acid (TBA); 3,5-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid (dicamba)} 2,3 »5-trichloro-6-methoxybenzoic acid (Tricamba) and 3 ~ amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (Amiben). All of the acids given above are in the form of their salts and esters, for example in the form their sodium, potassium, ammonium, dirnethylamine and Ethanolamine salts and their methyl, ethyl, propyl and Butyl ester effective. In the form of such salts and esters they are generally used and are preferably used in the practice of the present invention.

The Gribberelline belong to a group of plant growth regulators which are initially technically derived from cultures of the fungus Gibberella Fujikori. These Substances that promote cell expansion, the majority of which contain the G-ibban ring, are described by J.F. G-rove in "The Gibberellins", Quarterly Reviews, 1961, 15, -56-71, published by the Chemical Society (London). Gibberellins include, for example, gibberellin A ,,

also known as gibberellic acid, described in US Pat

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British Patent No. 783,611 and Gibberellin A-. Another example described in U.S. Patent No. 914,893 is gibberellin Αγ. In the patents cited above, the preparation of the ammonium, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salts of gibberellins A ^ and A _{7 is} described. Gibberellin A ₇ is obtained on an industrial scale as a mixture with an equal proportion of gibberellin A ,, it being used in this form for plant growth regulation. purposes is used.

As already described, in the present

Invention, substituted ureas used the general

12 1

my formula R NHOONHR, where R is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted one heterocyclic group and R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. The ones represented by R. Hydrocarbon groups can be aliphatic or aromatic, but are preferably aryl groups.

Suitable aliphatic groups include both straight and branched alkyl groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, η-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, amyl, hexyl, Heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl and dodecyl groups j Alkenyl and alkaryl groups with 1 to 12 carbon atoms and cycloalkyl groups, such as cyclohexyl

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⁷ '252-122

groups. The preferred aryl group is phenyl, but 1 or 2 naphthyl groups are also used can. Examples of suitable heterocyclic groups include pyridyl, pyrrolyl, quinolyl, indolyl, morpholyl and furyl groups. The hydrocarbon and heterocyclic groups represented by R and those represented by

2
Phenyl groups represented by R are optionally substituted with one or more of a large number of substituents, in particular, for example, alkyl, alkoxy, haloalkyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, cyano, amino and nitro groups, and with halogens (F, CL, Br and J). Examples of useful compounds include:

Connection no. . R ¹ R ² 1 ^C 6 ^H 5 ^C 6 ^H 5 2 ^C 6 ^H 5 pF.CgH ₄ 3 H P-Br.CgH ₄ 4th 4-pyridyl ^C 6 ^H 5 5 ^C 6 ^H 5 NO ₀ - ¹ I ,. C, -H,
2 3 ο 3 6th H 3, ¹ ICL ₂ .CgH ₃ 7th CH ₃ 6 ^H 5 8th m-CH .CgH ₄ mF.CgH ₄

In the present invention, the use of diphenylurea is particularly preferred, since this compound Has activity, ease of manufacture and obviously favorable toxicological and environmental properties combined,

509848/10 7 2

The substituted ureas used in the present invention are known chemical compounds (with few exceptions) and they can be made by a variety of well-known processes. To this include, for example, the hydrolysis of isocyanates and the reaction of isocyanates with amines.

The proportions of the three compounds present in the formulations of the present invention are not critical. A weight ratio of substituted is preferred Urea to gibberellin in the range from 0.2: 1 to 20: 1, particularly 0.5 * 1 to 20: 1 and preferably 1: 1 until 15: 1. The weight ratio of auxin to gibberellin is preferably in the range from 1: 100 to 10: 1, in particular 1:20 to 5: 1 and especially 1:10 to 5s1 »Da Gibberellin is made by an expensive fermentation process, it is the most expensive component of the mixture and it is therefore desirable to be the least effective Amount to use.

The preparations of the invention generally contain the active ingredients mixed with extenders or carriers » The preparations preferably also contain a surface-active agent in order to prevent the preparations from spreading on the surface of the plants to which they are applied.

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The preparations of the invention can be solid or liquid, and they comprise both dilute preparations which are ready for immediate use and concentrated preparations which have to be diluted before use. Preferably, the compositions comprise a total amount of 0.01 to 90 wt. ° f> agents. Diluted formulations ready for use preferably contain a total of 0.01 to 2% active ingredients, while concentrated formulations can contain a total of 10 to 90% active ingredients, although 10 to 50 % are usually preferred.

Solid preparations can be in the form of a powder in which the active ingredients are mixed with a powdered solid Extenders are mixed. Suitable solid extenders include, for example, Fuller's earth, powdered Kaolin, plaster of paris, lime and gravel clock. Such solid preparations can be applied cleanly as a leaf or diluted with water, applied as a spray.

Another form of the solid preparation contains the active ingredients in finely divided form together with a distribution agent, e.g., a mixture of citric acid and an alkali metal bicarbonate. Such a preparation can deformed into tablets which, when added to water, rapidly form sprayable suspensions

disintegrate.

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Liquid preparations can be solutions or dispersions of the active ingredients in water, which optionally contain a surfactant, or they can be solutions or dispersions of the active ingredients in an organic Be diluents, which may optionally contain a surface-active agent. Another The liquid preparation is formed by a solution of the active ingredients in a water-immiscible one organic solvent dispersed as drops in water.

For examples of surfactants that can be used in the formulations of this invention, include the condensation products of ethylene oxide with alkyl-substituted phenols such as octylphenol and nonylphenol, with sorbitan monolaurate, oleyl alcohol and propylene oxide polymer. Other satisfactory surfactants include calcium dodecyl benzene sulphonate and the calcium, sodium and ammonium lignosulphonates.

In one form of the concentrated preparation, the active ingredients are finely divided and in water in the presence of one surfactant and a suspending agent dispersed. Preferred suspending agents include those which impart thixotropic properties to the concentrate and increase its viscosity. For examples, prefer

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Preferred suspending agents include hydrated colloidal ones Mineral silicates such as montmorillonite, beidellite, nontronite, Hextorite, saponite and sauoorite, with bentonite being particularly preferred. To other suspending agents include cellulose derivatives and polyvinyl alcohol.

In preparing the concentrated formulations according to the present invention, in order to prepare them for storage, to make suitable for transport and sale, avoiding the presence of water as much as possible. This is because most of the gibberellin derivatives are not stable for a long time in the presence of water. Farther The substituted ureas used in the present invention are generally very high in water insoluble, to be most effective, they must be in finely divided form when applied to the plants should be.

In practicing the method of the present invention, apples can be used to induce fruiting the active ingredients of the present invention, auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea, preferably as already described, brought in the form of a preparation, one or more times on the flowering or withered plants, preferably after which the petals have started falling off, and desirably not more than 15 days after

509848/1072

completed petal fall. However, it was found that the use of the active ingredients Auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea, at a later stage, for example up to 5 weeks after the 50 $ petal waste, higher yields of apples delivers, probably through a reduction in the phenomenon known as the "June litter", being one such Application leads to an enlargement of the fruit. The present invention includes such treatment.

In the case of stone fruit, the active ingredients, auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea, preferably in Form one of the preparations described above on the plants one or more times, preferably during the process the rupture of the flower buds until about 5 to 6 weeks after the petals fall off.

As is clear from the results of the experiments described in the examples, the treatment leads according to the method of the invention for initiating or increasing fruit set and fruit retention and continue to promote fruit enlargement. Allows hence the present invention a surprisingly enlarged harvest, which in the case of stone fruit is a twenty-fold Can represent an increase in the number of fruits.

In the case of apples, the application of the active ingredients

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Auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea, in addition to an increased fruit harvest, have the unexpected effect that the non-fertilized flowers are stimulated to parthenogenic fruit formation.

The method of this invention is therefore equally particularly useful in the years when the bloom is through late frosts are damaged or fertilization is reduced by low insect activity. The procedure The invention also enables the fruiting of apples and stone fruit in areas that were previously due to the risk of frost considered unsuitable. The method of the invention also offers an alternative to the previous one Practice keeping specialty pollen producing varieties with varieties that are difficult to fertilize.

The preparations of the invention are equally suitable for other uses for treating other types of fruit suitable as apples and stone fruit.

The invention will now be described in detail in the following examples.

example 1

This example illustrates a preparation of the invention «

Three basic approaches were made as follows:

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The batch solution A of 2 χ 1Ο ~ ⁵ Μ (404 ppm) of 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (NOXA) is prepared that 0.404 g loxa in ethanol triggers (10 ml), "Tween 20" (Trade Mark) wetting agent (1 mL) is added and make up to 1 liter of distilled water.

The batch solution B of 3 × 10 " ⁵ M '(1029 ppm) gibberellic acid (GA ₅ ) solution was prepared by dissolving 1.029 g of GA in ethanol (30 ml), 1%" Tween 20 "solution (1 ml) and make up to 1 liter of distilled water,

The batch solution C of 4 x 10 " ⁵ M (848 ppm) OT'-diphenylurea (DPU) was prepared by dissolving 0.848 g of DPU in ether (20 ml), 1 $" Tween 20 "solution (1 ml) added and made up to 1 liter with distilled water.

The preparation according to the invention was prepared by taking batch solution A (10 ml), adding batch solution B (33 ml) and batch solution C (50 ml) and making up the whole to 100 ml with distilled water. This preparation contains 2 χ 10 ~ ^ M (40.4 ppm) UOXA, 10 " ⁵ M (343 ppm) GA ₅ , 2 χ 10" ⁵ M (424 ppm) DPU, 1.1 $ ethanol, 1.0% Ether and 0.00093% "Tween 20". "Tween 20" is a surfactant and contains polyoxyethylene sorbitan monododecanoate.

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Example 2

This example illustrates a further preparation of the invention that emerges from the batch formulations of Example 1 is made.

A preparation according to the invention was prepared by using solution A from Example 1 (10 ml), this solution using batch solution B from Example 1 (3.3 ml) and then using batch solution C from Example 1 (50 ml), adds and brings the whole to 100 ml with distilled water. This formulation contains 2 × 10 M (40.4 ppm) NOXA, 10 " ⁴ M (34.3 ppm) GA ₅ , 2 × 10 ~ ⁵ M (424 ppm) DPU, $ 0.2 ethanol, 1 # ether and $ 0.00063 "Tween 20".

Example 3

This example illustrates another preparation of the

Invention.

A solution of DPU in dimethylformamide (DMF) is prepared by dissolving DPU (10 g) in DMF (50 ml) and bring the whole thing to 100 ml with DMF. This solution (0.75 ml) is added to warm glycerol (10 ml) with vigorous stirring. This creates a suspension. One solves GA, (0.075 g) and NOXA (0.01 g) in about 200 ml of water and add the DPU suspension to DMF and glycerine while stirring vigorously to. A further 2.5 ml amount of glycerine is used

509848/1072

to transfer the entire DPU suspension into water _o Finally, add 1 ml V / o "Iween 20" solution and bring the mixture to 250 ml with distilled water »

This formulation contains 300 ppm GA ,, 40 ppm FOXA, DPU 300 ppm, 5 ° 1 glycerol, 0.3 $ DMF and 0.004 $ "Tween 20 ¹ O

Example 4

This example illustrates another preparation of the invention.

Dissolve DPU (30 g) in dimethylformamide (250 ml) and NOXA (4 g) in ethanol (50 ml). 11 "Berelex" (trademark) tablets (9.9 g GA,) are dissolved in 15 liters of water and added the NOXA solution and 1% "Tween 20" solution (100 ml). Finally, the DPU solution is given while shaking vigorously to form a suspension and bring the mixture to 25 l with water.

Example 5

This example illustrates the treatment of sterilized apple blossoms by the method of the invention in Kent, England, spring 1972.

■ The preparations used according to the present invention were those of Examples 1 and 2. Each preparation was sprayed onto 100 flowers without further dilution, the previous by removing the scar and

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the anthers a week after the $ 50 petal drop have been sterilized. The 100 flowers were in groups of 20 on five branches on apple trees of the variety Cox Orangerenetten (Cox Orange Pippin) classified. Two unsprayed controls were used, one of sterilized flowers and the other with fertilized flowers.

The results obtained with the autumn harvest are given in Table I below.

Table I.

Treatment number of fruits average s-

at harvest as the weight of the

Percentage of fruit (g) flowers

Preparation of Example 1 6.0 79.8

Preparation of Example 2 5.0 63.7

Sterilized control 0.8 69.9

Fertilized control 14.6 76.5

These results indicate that a substantial degree of fruiting can be obtained with the formulations of the invention under conditions where fertilization is impossible. The preparation of Example 1 is more effective than that of Example 2.

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Example 6

This example further describes the treatment of sterilized apple blossoms according to the method of the invention explained in Kent, England, in the spring of 1972.

200 flowers in groups of twenty on 10 branches on 5 apple trees of the variety "Grenadier" were at full Flower sprayed with the preparation of Example 3 (undiluted). The flowers were previously removed the scar and the anthers are sterilized. As in Example 5, there were two controls that were not sprayed used, one sterilized and one fertilized.

When the fruits were harvested in autumn, the results given in Table II below were obtained.

Table II - see page 19 -

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Table II

treatment

Preparation of Example 3

Sterilized control

Fertilized control

Number of fruits at harvest as the average weight of the flowers Fruit e (g)

through parthenogenesis through pollen Overall through partheno- formed through pollen fertilized genesis formed fertilized

15th

1 16 52.30 53.11 1 2 31.10 46.99 49 51 43.15 58.57

ro

cn

ho

IV) O

- 20 - · 2 5 2.Π122

Example 7

This example illustrates a larger scale treatment of apple trees according to the method of this invention. The trial was carried out in Kent, England in 1973 under good pollen pollination conditions.

A rectangular 0.405 hectare parcel with Cox orangerenettes in a mixed fruit stand, the Cox orangerenettes, "Worcester Pearmain" and "Lord Lambourne" varieties in a regular arrangement was made for the Attempt used. The plot was divided into 4 equal rectangular areas, surrounded by two rows of protective trees are separated, which are at right angles in the center cross the line. Three of the areas had 32 trees, the fourth 31 trees.

The preparation of Example 4, diluted to 100 l with water, was applied to the trees in two of the four areas Ratio of 450 l / ha applied one week after the 50 $ drop in petals. The application was on opposite sides of each tree by means of a commercially available tractor-powered one Spray device made. The two treated areas were diagonally opposite in the plot »

The Cox apples were made between September 30th and United States

3 »October picked and the local fruit grower =

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handed over for storage and evaluation. The results obtained (after making a correction, since one of the treated areas only contained 31 trees) were: total weight of the fruits from the treated trees 6,603 kg, total weight of the fruits from the untreated trees 6,013 kgj increase in weight 9.3 γί>. This increase was primarily an increase in the number of fruits, which were smaller but still marketable sizes. The number of large size fruits was essentially the same for the treated and control fruits.

Example 8

In this experiment two possibilities were investigated. The aftereffect of hormone spraying on the formation of Fruit and flower buds and the effect of Sprühhena on attached (hazelnut-sized fruits) to increase their Final height on trees that had been given hormone sprays in the previous season.

Six trees were treated during the 1973 growing season by first sterilizing all of the flowers and then only one spray preparation at a time on the branches of one half of each tree.

When tested in the spring of 1974 it was found that there was no difference in the number of flower buds

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2 B ? Π Ι 2 2

for a given branch length on the sprayed half of each tree compared to the unsprayed half. It was also found that the
Flowers on these particular trees were vigorous and abundant.

The same trees were five weeks after the 1974
A spray applied to waste of the petals »
In 1974 the 50 $ petal drop occurred around May 13th and on June 18th a spray was mixed containing about 500 ppm G-ibberellic acid (GA ^), 300 ppm NN'-diphenylurea (DPU) and 50 ppm 2-naphthoxyacetic acid ( UOXA), applied to one half (v / arbitrarily selected) of each tree in such a way that the. young fruit sets (hazelnut-sized fruits) were well wetted. The other half of the tree was not sprayed.

The spray can be prepared as follows
G-ibberellic acid (0.127 g) and 2-naphthoxyacetic acid
(0.0126 g) is dissolved in ethanol (5 ml) and the resulting solution is added to water (200 ml). You give a $ 1
"Tween 20" solution (1 ml) and $ 10 diphenylurea in
Dimethylformamide (0.75 ml) . the solution with stirring to form a suspension. After the solution has been brought to 250 ml with water, the mixture contains the
following components!

509843/1072

- tJ - Gibberellic acid 508 ppm 2520122 2-laphthoxyacetic acid 50.4 NK'-diphenylurea 300 ppm Ethanol 2 io ppm DimethyIfο rmamid $ 0.3> "Tween 20" 0.004 $

The fruits were on September 9th and 13th, several days Taken in front of the other trees in the orchard. Details regarding the number of accepted Fruits, the weights of the fruits and their lengths: Avg ratio can be found in the following table III:

Table III - - see page 24 -

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Table III

Total number and weight (in brackets, kg) of fruits taken from each part of the tree Average apple weight (g) and L / D ratio (in brackets) ^Λ

Tree sprayed

control

Difference sprinkles

control

ο
to
co

-P-OO

ABCDE Έ

164 (11.92) 72 (4.29) 162 (12.79) 188 (13.37) 139 (11.27) 162 (13.31)

92 (7.63)

-26 (-0.58)

91 (7.67)

48 (3.60)

46 (3.45) 116 (9.86)

H9 (13.39) 104 (8.61) 45 (4.79)

211 (16.90) 129 (9.10) 82 (7.79)

72.6 (0.81)
78.9 (0.78)
80.9 (0.80)

82.1 (0.80)

90.2 (0.80)
80.0 (0.79)

59.4 (0.82 71.1 (0.79) 74.8 (0.80) 74.6 (0.80) 82.6 (0.79)

70.5 (0.80)

Mean 165 ^X (13.26) 98 ^X (7.07) 67+

(6.19 "" + 3.87) 80.4 ^XXX (0.80)

x The numerical values are statistically clearly different with the probability P = 0.05 xx 0.01

xxx P> ⁰⁰¹

cn

■ CD K)

From Table III it can be seen that the sprayed halves of the trees bore significantly more fruit than that not sprayed halves. Furthermore, the total weight was of the fruit on the sprayed halves were significantly larger and the fruit on the sprayed halves were significant greater. In addition, the sprayed fruits had the same shape as the unsprayed fruits.

Example 9

A spray formulation is prepared as follows * Gibberellic acid (0.299 g) and 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (0.040 g) are dissolved in ethanol (10 ml) and the resulting solution is added to water (500 ml). Add 1 $> "Tween 20" solution (5 ml) and a solution of NN'-diphenylurea (0.310 g) dissolved in dimethylformamide (10 ml) to the solution with stirring to form a suspension. The mixture is then brought to 1 liter so that it contains the following proportions of the ingredients:

Gibberellic acid 299 ppm

2-naphthoxyacetic acid 40 ppm

NN ¹ -diphenylurea 310 ppm

Ethanol 1 <fi

Dimethylformamide $ 1

"Tween 20" 0.005 #

Seven trees of the Cox Orange Pippin variety in a commercial orchard near Wye, Kent, were selected to be expediently four branches per tree with .100 sterilized flowers

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" ²⁶ " 2 5? η 1 2

were available per branch. A branch on each tree was chosen at random and followed by the one described above Hormone mixture sprayed at the point when the trees around it had a $ 50 petal drop had achieved. Another branch on each tree was chosen at random and with the same mixture for 5 days later and finally a third branch was sprayed 10 days later after the $ 50 petal drop. Of the fourth branch on each tree remained as an unsprayed control.

The fruits on these branches were picked a few days before the harvest, and the results were as follows obtain:

Average percentage of the sterilized Flowers that formed ripe apples

Flowers sprayed on one

50 $ petal drop 4.0

Flowers, sprayed 5 days later. 0.4 flowers, sprayed 10 days later 0.4 control (unsprayed flowers) 0.9 ^X

x The numerical values are statistically clearly different with the probability P = 0.05

From the values it can be seen that only the flowers sprayed with the 50 $ flower waste were significantly more Deliver fruit as the controls not sprayed.

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252-122

Example 10

This example explains the application of the method according to the invention to cherry trees.

Prepare a spray formulation in the following manner.

Dissolve 3 Berelex tablets (each containing 0.9 g of gibberellic acid) in distilled water (4 l) and add a solution of 2-naphthoxyacetic acid (0.25 g) in ethanol (10 ml). Then a 1% "Iween 20" solution (10 ml) is added, followed by a solution of M ^! - Diphenylurea (1.5 g) in dimethylformamide (50 ml) too. The mixture is shaken vigorously to form a suspension. Then further distilled water is added to make up the mixture to 5 liters.

The preparation thus formed contains 540 ppm gibberellic acid, 50 ppm 2-naphthoxyacetic acid, 300 ppm diphenylurea, $ 0.5 dimethylformamide, $ 0.002 "Tween 20" and $ 0.2 ethanol.

Eight large cherry trees of the "Early River" variety in the experimental garden the East Mailing Research Station, were used for the experiment. Four branches with a circumference of about 7.5 cm were selected per tree at a height of about 1.5-2.0 m. Two branches were chosen at random per tree and sprayed with the preparation described above in such a way that

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25? Nι 22

that the flowers and leaves were wetted. The mixture was applied on May 6th, when the blooms received a $ 50 had reached some petal drop. About 0.25 liters of spray was used per branch. The remaining two Branches on each tree were used as unsprayed controls. On June 7th after the abscission was done a count is made of the remaining fruit on each branch} the results are given in Table IV below specified.

Table IV: -29-

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hormone
hormone
control
control Table IV 25? N- 172 hormone
hormone
control
control number of
Fruit buds
(A) Final number of
Fruit set
(B) AWAY Tree treatment hormone
hormone
control
control 359
985
596
1076 543
1035
67
51 1.513
1.051
0.112
0.047 a hormone
hormone
control
control 927
- 921.
619
611 1018
1000
6th
13th 1.098
1.086
0.010
0.021 b hormone
hormone
control
control 706
483
688
1014 508
512
8th
80 0.720
1.060
0.012
0.079 C. hormone
hormone
control
control 486
729
680
373 445
842
19th
5 0.916
1.155
0.028
0.013 d hormone
hormone
control
control 400
574
433
641 279
407
* 6
9 0.698
0.709
0.014
0.014 e hormone
hormone
control
control 638
652
691
557 819
480
63
62 1.284
0.736
0.091
0.111 f 762
506
625
674 548
440
8th
10 0.719
0.870
0.013
0.015 G 782
574
463
1036 581
592
1
76 0.743
1.031
0.002
0.073 H Overall mean
Hormone 655 628 O, 962 ^x 30th 0.041 ^X Average
Control 673

xxx The numerical values are statistically significantly different with the probability P = 0.001

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There was no further waste until harvest.

At harvest the fruits were removed and the,
which were not lost by bird feeding were used for evaluation. A sample of approximately 90 cherries per branch were given the standard EEG ratings for Early
Subject to Cherries (early church worship). The average rating for the sixteen branches that were sprayed was:

Extra (20mm and above) 53.4 # Class 1 (15-19.9mm) $ 43.4 Class III (under 15 mm) 3.2 ^

Because of the small number of fruits on the branches that were not sprayed, no comparison could be made.

From the results it can be seen that a twenty-three fruit set on the sprinkled branches
compared to the branches that have not been sprayed
could. Furthermore, a large proportion of the fruits obtained had a high and therefore particularly marketable quality.

Patent claims: -31-

509848/1072

Claims (42)

Patent claims: 1. Preparation for increasing the fruit production, characterized in that it contains as active ingredients auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea of the formula R NHOONHR ² , where in the formula R is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group or a substituted one 2 or unsubstituted heterocyclic group and R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. 2. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxin is a naphthyl derivative is. 3. Preparation according to claim 2, characterized in that the auxin is 1-naphthylacetic acid, 2-naphthoxyacetic acid, a salt and / or ester of these acids. 4. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxin is a phenoxyalkanoic acid, is a salt and / or ester of this acid. 5. Preparation according to claim 4, characterized that the auxin 4-chloro-2-methyl- 509848/1072 - 52 - 2 5? Π 1? 2 phenoxyacetic acid, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-triohlophenoxyacetic acid, 2- (4-chloro ~ 2-methylphenoxy) propionic acid, 2- (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) propionic acid, 4- (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) butyric acid, Salts and / or esters of this acid. 6. Preparation according to claim 1, characterized in that the auxin is a substituted one Benzoic acid, a salt and / or ester of these acids. 7. Preparation according to claim 6, characterized in that the auxin 3,5-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid, 2,4,5-trichlorobenzoic acid, 3,5-dichloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid, 2,5,5-trichloro-ö-methoxybenzoic acid, 3-amino-2,5-dichlorobenzoic acid, salts and / or esters thereof Acids is. 8. Preparation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the gibberellin is gibberellin A ^, gibberellin A. and / or gibberellin A _{7 e} 9. Preparation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that R a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, alkenyl or alkaryl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or a substituted or unsubstituted one 509848/1072 Is cycloalkyl group. 10. Preparation according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that R is a substituted or unsubstituted pyridyl, pyrrolyl, quinolyl, indolyl, morpholyl or furyl group. 11 β preparation according to one of claims 1 to 8, there- 1 characterized in that R is a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group. 12. Preparation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the by R represented hydrocarbon or heterocyclic groups and / or the phenyl group represented by R by one or more substituents, namely alkyl, Alkoxy, haloalkyl, carboxy, oxyalkyl, cyano, amino, nitro groups and / or halogen atoms substituted are. 13. Preparation according to one of claims 1-8, characterized in that the substituted Urea is diphenylurea. 14. Preparation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Weight ratio of substituted urea to gibberellin is in the range from 0.5 * 1 to 20ti. -34- 509848/1072 -34- 252Π122 15. Preparation according to claim 14 »characterized characterized in that the weight ratio substituted urea to gibberellin in the range of. 5 * 1 "to 15: 1. 16. Preparation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the weight ratio auxin to gibberellin is in the range of 1: 100 to 10: 1. 17. Preparation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Weight ratio auxin to gibberellin in the range of 1:10 to 5: 1. 18. Preparation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it in the form of a solution or dispersion of the active ingredients in Water or an organic diluent is present, 19. Preparation according to claim 18, characterized in that it also has a contains surfactant. 20 «preparation according to claim 20, characterized in that the surface-active Medium calcium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, calcium, urodium 509848/10 72 or ammonium lignosulphonai; and / or a condensation product of ethylene oxide with alkyl-substituted phenol, Sorbitan monolaurate, oleyl alcohol or a propylene oxide polymer contain 21. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it is in the form a powder in which the active ingredients are mixed with a powdered solid extender. 22. Preparation according to claim 21, characterized in that the extender contains Fuller ¹ S soil, powdered kaolin, gypsum, lime and / or kieselguhr. 23 · Preparation according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it Contains a total of 0.01 to 2% by weight of active ingredients. 24. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that it is in the form a tablet containing the active ingredients and a. or contains more than one tablet-dissolving agent. 25. Preparation according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it is in the form a concentrate is present, the total of 10 to 90 wt. $ Contains active ingredients. 50 9 848/1072 - ³⁶ - 2 5? Π 1? 2 26. Preparation according to claim 25, characterized that the active ingredients in finely divided form or dispersed in water in the presence of a surfactant and a suspending agent. 27. A method for increasing the production of apples on trees or other vegetative apple forms, characterized in that one of the Provide effective amounts of potential apple formation on the plant prior to and / or during development of the apples Auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea of the general 1 2
Common formula R ETHCONHR applies, where in the formula R is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group and R ^ is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. 28.Methods of increasing the production of apples on trees or other vegetative, withered apple plants, characterized in that at the points of potential apple formation on the plant effective amounts after the start of petal drop and no more than 15 days after petal drop has ceased Auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea of the general 1 ρ
common formula R FHCONHR applies, being in the formula -37-50984 8/1072 R represents a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon group or a substituted one or unsubstituted heterocyclic group ρ
and R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl - group is. 29. The method according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the auxin, gibberellin and the substituted urea is one of Claims 2 to 13. 30. The method according to claim 27 or 28, characterized characterized in that one auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea simultaneously in the form of a Preparation as defined in any one of claims 1 to 23, applies. 31. The method according to claim 30, characterized that you can use auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea in the form of an aqueous spray Spray all over the plant until it drips off. 32. The method according to claim 30 'or 31, characterized characterized in that a preparation is used which contains 10 to 500 ppm gibberellin, 10 to 250 ppm Contains auxin and 10 to 1000 ppm substituted urea. -38-509848 / 1072 33. methods of increasing the production of fruit on trees or other vegetative forms of stone fruit, characterized in that at the points of potential fruiting on the plant before and / or during the development of the fruit, effective amounts of auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea 1 2 general formula R NHCONHR applies, where in the formula R is a hydrogen atom, a substituted one or not substituted hydrocarbon group or a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group and R is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group. 34. A method according to claim 331 characterized by n ~ en GEK that one auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea during the time of breaking of flower buds applies to 6 weeks after flower petal drop ₀ 35. The method according to claim 33 or 34, characterized characterized in that one uses auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea, as in one of the claims 2-13 is used. 36. The method according to claim 33 or 34, characterized characterized in that auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea are used at the same time in the form of an additive 509848/10 7 2 ORjQlNAL INSPECTED Preparation as defined in one of claims 1-23 applies ο 37. The method according to claim 36, characterized that one auxin, gibberellin and substituted urea in the form of an aqueous spray Spray all over the plant until it drips off. 33. The method according to claim 36 or 37, characterized in that there is a preparation used containing 10 to 500 ppm gibberellin, 10 to 250 ppm auxin and 10 to 1000 ppm substituted urea. 39. Preparation according to claim 1, essentially as described above and in one of Examples 1 explained to 4 « 40o preparation, essentially as described above and in Examples 1 to 4 as a specific embodiment of the preparation defined in claim 1 41. Process for increasing the production of apples, im essential as described here » 42. Process for increasing stone fruit production, essentially as described here » 509848/10 7 2 /