CS207339B2 - Method of conserving the fodder,mixed fodder and silages - Google Patents

Abstract

The preservatives are used alone or mixed. Because of their bactericidal and fungicidal properties, they inhibit undesirable processes such as the formation of butyric acid. The growth of microorganisms which produce lactic acid in the fermentation necessary in ensilation, on the other hand, is not suppressed.

Description

(54) Method of preserving feed, mixed feed and silage

The present invention relates to preservatives for feed, mixed feed and silage against the undesirable effects of microorganisms, bacteria, yeasts and molds.

The growth and efficacy of microorganisms are generally promoted by the more and the storability of the feed and mixed feed is the lower the higher their moisture content. Micro-organisms usually do not attack those feed and compound feed with a water content of less than 12%. Feed and mixed foods with a water content of up to 16% are possibly stored for a limited period of time, while others with a higher moisture content are perishable. It is therefore a longer time to increase the feed and mixed feed to dry. Drying can only take place to a certain extent and is not feasible in all cases. Moreover, natural drying is weather dependent, and artificial drying is uneconomical due to high energy consumption.

In the case of silage preservation must not remove all microorganisms. It should only suppress the growth of those organisms that cause unwanted processes, such as butyric acid production, but not those that are a prerequisite for lactic acid formation.

Preservation of feed, mixed feed and silage by the addition of chemicals with bactericidal, resp. fungicidal action is also known. Examples of such preservatives are formaldehyde and hexamethylenetetramine. Organic acids such as formic, propionic, lactic, sorbic, benzoic, salicylic, tartaric, citric and sulphicyl-acylic acids, optionally in the form of their esters or salts, are also used. The known preservatives have only a partial effect on certain types of undesirable microorganisms or have a low effect.

It has now been found that acrylic acid and methacrylic acid and the esters and salts of these acids are well suited as preservatives for feed, mixed feed and silage. These simple unsaturated acids exhibit unexpected significant bactericidal and fungicidal activity. Although these acids differ in structure and acidity from the preservatives used so far, their efficacy is much higher.

Acrylic and methacrylic acids as well as esters and salts of these acids or mixtures thereof are used as preservatives according to the invention. Suitable esters are, in particular, those compounds in which the alcohol component is ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, glycerol or a monovalent, straight or branched chain aliphatic alkanol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in particular ethyl alcohol. . The basic salt component is either an organic base, in particular a nitrogen base such as hexamethylenetetamine, or a metal, preferably an alkali metal or an alkaline earth metal, in particular sodium, potassium or calcium. The acids or esters or salts may optionally be up to 50% in polymeric form.

Accordingly, the present invention is based on the use of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and / or esters and / or salts thereof for preserving feedstuffs, for example mixed feeds and silages.

The feed, for example a mixed feed or silage, or a preservative for the preparation of such feed, according to the invention comprises acrylic and / or methacrylic acid, or esters and / or salts thereof.

Preferably, the ester used is an ester whose alcohol component is ethylene glycol or an ester whose alcohol component is 1,2-propylene glycol, or an ester whose alcohol component is glycerol or an ester whose alcohol component is ethanol.

According to the invention, preferably the salt used is a salt whose basic component is hexamethylenetetramine or an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, in particular sodium, potassium or calcium.

In the feed, for example the mixed feed or the silage according to the invention, the abovementioned acids, esters and / or salts may be present partly as polymers.

The feed, for example the compound feed or the silage according to the invention preferably contains 0.01 to 2.0%, in a particularly preferred embodiment 0.0-2 to 0.03% by weight. % of the aforementioned acids, esters and / or salts.

The preservatives according to the invention are suitable for. all feed, compound feed and plant or animal silages. These include: grain, maize · and wheat; · Oil cakes, waste · In obtaining oil from · Oil fruits and seeds such as soybeans, rape; root crops such as potatoes and beets; fish and meat meal; silage, including maize and beet; mixtures of such compositions, in particular compound feeds such as those commonly used on; market, inter alia for poultry, pigs and ruminants.

The preservative compounds of the invention may be administered in any form. For example, they can be added to the feed, · mixed, feed and · silage in solid form or as a liquid spray. In some cases, it may be appropriate to use these compounds in the form of solutions.

Water is particularly suitable for dissolving acids and salts. Preferred solvents for esters are alkanols such as 1,2-propyleinglycol or glycerol or an ester such as 1,2-propylene glycol dipropionate or triacetate, or mixtures thereof. It may furthermore be expedient to add to the substances, whether in the solid or liquid phase inert solids such as silicic acid, kieselguhr, talc or acrylic and methacrylic acid polymers or their esters or salts thereof. The addition of such materials may optionally serve to convert the liquid form of the compound into a solid. In the preparation of mixed feeds, the preservative may be added with any of the ingredients of the mixed feed, for example, the usual mineral component.

The amount in which the preservative is to be · composition of the invention used depends essentially on the type of feed or ¹ · · mixed feed to be conserved, especially 'on their moisture content or the type of silage. Typically, it is expedient to add to the feed, blend feed or silage an amount of preservative such that its content is 0.01 to 2.0% by weight, preferably about 0.02 to 0.08% by weight.

Example 1 and d · 1

300 g samples were tested from commercial wheat meal:

Sample 1 without any addition, moisture content 10 ·%.

Sample 2 with addition of water, humidity 18%. Sample 3 with addition of water, humidity · 18% and with addition

(a) 0,2% by mass,. propionic bj 0.4 wt.% propionic acid

Sample 4 with addition of water, humidity of 18%, and addition of 0.02% by weight of acid. Acrylic bj · 0.08 wt.% Acrylic acid

Sample 5 · with · addition of water, · humidity of 17% and with addition.

a] 0.1 wt.% ethyl acrylate bj 0.1 wt.% calcium acrylate

The samples were stored at normal temperature and tested for microorganisms at time intervals. The following results were obtained:

Sample 4 days Number of bacteria after 4 days Number of mushrooms after 12 -. days 24 days 12 days 24 days 1 460 390 440 3.6 • 3.8 2.9 2 480 970 31 400 3.9 41.0 10- 800 3a 390 280 21.0 3.0 2.1 1.9 3b 160 90 60 2.9 2.4 1.3 4a 380 240 210 3.4 2.7 1.7 4b 1-10 18 15 Dec 0.9 0.1 0.1 5a 320 57 21 • 2,3 0.7 0.3 5b 410 74 30 3.0 1.1 1,2

The number of bacteria and fungi is given in thousands per gram.

Example 1 a d 2

The procedure was the same as in Example 1, but feed for laying hens was used. This mixed feed had the following composition:

% corn% wheat% soybean meal (45 ° / o protein)% - fish meal ° / o meat meal ^Ό / ο ground green alfalfa% feed fat% acidic · calcium carbonate% calcium phosphate% blend- vitamins

The moisture was adjusted to 18% by adding water to the appropriate samples. The following results were obtained:

Sample 4 Number of bacteria after Number of mushrooms after 12 24 4 12 24 days days days days days days

1 550 410 360 26 20 May 17 2 490 980 14 000 27 Mar: 29 000 87 000 3a 340 190 110 1.7 0.9 0, -6 B 3b 170 80 40 1,8 0.4 0, '20 4a 210 170 73 4.8 1.0 0.80 4b 80 13 5 1.1 0.1 0.1 5a 110 42 28 1,2 0.20 0.1 5b 150 80 40 1.5 0.40 0.20

The number of bacteria and fungi is given in thousands per gram.

Example 3

The alfalfa samples were ensiled in airtight glass containers. A total of 50 samples were used in 5 groups of 10 samples each:

Group 1 without any addition

Group 2 with the addition of 0.4% by weight of propionic acid

Group 3 with the addition of 0.0-8% acrylic acid

Group 4 with the addition of 0.1% by weight of ethyl acrylate

Group 5 with the addition of 0.1% by weight of calcium acrylate

The quality of the samples was determined according to Flieg / Brockhaus, ABC der Landwirtischaft, VEB Brockhaus-Verlag, Leipzig, 2nd edition (1962).

Claims (1)

Use of acrylic acid and / or methacrylic acid and / or esters and / or salts of these acids for the preservation of feedstuffs, for example compound feeds and silages.