CS205756B1

CS205756B1 - Motor with inner combustion of non-homogenous mixture

Info

Publication number: CS205756B1
Application number: CS171178A
Authority: CS
Inventors: Jozef Graus
Original assignee: Jozef Graus
Priority date: 1978-03-17
Filing date: 1978-03-17
Publication date: 1981-05-29

Description

.Vynález rieši motor s vnútorným spalováním nehomogénnej zmesi paliva a Vzduchu plněný kanálmi na .přívod vzduchu, či 'zmesi vzduchu s palUvom, oidlklrývulnýani ivalcoim, alebo šúpatfcom, u kterého Isa. diošahlulje melhomoigeiniiía plnenia Sposobom Usporiadania plniacich kanálov.The present invention provides an internal combustion engine of an inhomogeneous fuel-air mixture filled with air supply ducts or air-fuel mixtures, an aircoat, or a slider in which Isa. diošahlulje melhomoigeiniiaa prazenie Sposobom Arrangement of filling channels.

Plnenie súičasných Spalovacích motorov homogénnou zmesou vyžaduje s OhTadom na možnosti zapálenia a nedetonaičného horenia stlačenej zmesi používat taký poměr paliva 'ku vzduchu, pri ktorom počas ekpanzie nOd&jde k dokonalému okysličeniu všeťkého paliva, oo má negativny dopad ako na hospodárnost prevádzky, tak aj na tvorbu nežladiúcich exhalátov. Používanie zmesi ,s dostatočným 'prelbytkom vzduchu k paliviu, t. ij. značné icihtaidolbnefl Kmete i ,a tým potí aěenie vyššie spomínaných negativných vplyvov umožňuje plne.nla motora néhomogénnou zmesou tak, že v mieste zapálenia zmési sa nachádza dohře zápalná bohatá, zmes, ktorá zaistí bezpečné· zapálenie okolitej chudolbneij zmesi a jej nedetonačné horenie. Na vytváranie nehomogénnej ,zmes'i sa pouižívaíjlú najmá systémy sa vstrekovaním paliva či už 'do komQrky v hlavě valca a piesta, alebo systémy poulžívajíúce samostatného isaclielho ivfentjlia rna (pilnehie Ikomarky v hlavě valca bohatou zmesou. V oboch pripadoch sa motor stává zlotžltejší, či ulž o vysokotlaké vstrekovacle čerpialdloi 'pre ísaimolstatné 'vlstrefeovamie .do každého valca, .alebo o samostatný sací ventil .bohatej zmesi p.re každý válec a příslušného ventilového rozvodu, so všetkými sprlevodnými znakmi, t. ij najmá zvýšením ceny a znížením spolehlivosti.Filling current internal combustion engines with a homogeneous mixture requires, with OhTad, the possibility of igniting and non-detonating combustion of the pressurized mixture to use a fuel-to-air ratio which during exhaustion does not lead to perfect oxygenation of all fuel. exhalation. Use of a mixture with sufficient excess air to fuel, i. ij. A considerable icihtaidolbnefl sweep, thus eliminating the above-mentioned negative effects, allows the engine to be fully non-homogeneous, so that at the ignition point of the mixture there is a highly flammable, rich mixture which ensures safe ignition of the surrounding poor mixture and its non-detonation. For the formation of a non-homogeneous mixture, the most fuel-intensive fuel injection systems are used, either in the cylinder head and piston head, or systems using separate isaclielho ivfentjlia rna (diligent Ikomarky in the cylinder head rich mixture. In both cases, the engine becomes fuzzy. In addition to the high pressure injectors, the pump has been pumped into each cylinder for each cylinder, or a separate intake valve for the rich mixture for each cylinder and associated valve manifold, with all the associated features, i.e., in particular, cost increase and reduced reliability.

U spalovacieho motora podl'a vynálezu sa dosahuje plnenie nehomagénnou zmesou jednoduchším spffsobom, 'vhodným pre dvoj taktně motory s vnútorným spalováním, u ktorého sa do valca privádza počas sania prvým sacím kanálom čistý ivzldiuclh ia zároveň Idruhým sacím kanálom, vyúsťUjiúcim do valca po'd dolnou úvraťou piesta, sa privádza cez teleso piesta v tíolňej Úvrati do komorky v pieste a do jej okolia bohatá zmes paliva so vzduchom. Pri kompresi! sa časť tejto bohatej zmesi roZptýli po válci, kde vytvoří s přítomným vzduchom značné chudobná zrneš, izaltialičo iv konnarke ipieista ostane dobře zápalná bohatá zmes, 'ktorá 'sa v blízkosti hornej úvratě zapálí svrejčkou, zasahUjiúcou pri hornej .úvrati do oblasti s bohatou zmesou. Napřed sa zapálí od iskry táto bohatá zme's a v dalšom jelj pomocou aj okolitá chudobná zmes. Tým sa dosiahne nedetonačný priebeh horenia a zároveň dokonalé zhorenie paliva v přebytku vzduchu.In an internal combustion engine according to the invention, filling with a non-homogeneous mixture is achieved in a simpler manner, suitable for two-stroke internal combustion engines, in which the cylinder is fed cleanly through the first intake duct and simultaneously through the second intake duct leading to the cylinder. through the lower dead center of the piston, a rich mixture of fuel and air is fed through the piston body at the throat dead center into the piston chamber and into its surroundings. When compressing! a portion of this rich mixture is dispersed throughout the cylinder, whereby it forms a considerable lean grain with the air present, and is still well combustible rich in the Konnark, which is ignited near the top dead center by a vane intervening at the top dead center. First, the rich sparkle is ignited by the spark, and in the next one, the surrounding poor mixture is also used. This achieves a non-detonating combustion process and at the same time a perfect fuel burn in excess air.

Použitie spaíovacleho motora podía vynálezu umožní zachoval výhody dvojtaktného motora, ako je výrobná jednoduchost, nižšía poruchovost, iniižšia iválna, mižšla cena, iza Isrúčalsného zníženia jeho spotřeby a zníženia tvorby exhalácií na úroveň blízku štvortáktnému motoru so spalováním nehomogénnej zmesi.The use of an internal combustion engine according to the invention allows to maintain the advantages of a two-stroke engine, such as manufacturing simplicity, lower failure rate, more vital, lower cost, whilst reducing its consumption and reducing the generation of inhalation to near four-stroke engines with inhomogeneous combustion.

Aby bolo možné plné využiť výhody riešenia a] v oblasti zníženia a priaznivej izmeny zloženia exbalátov, >je nutné použit dvojtaktný motor s odděleným mazaním a pod valcami stláčať len nasávaný vzduch bez paliva, res'p. v případe použitia dúchádla poháňaného turbínou na výfukové plyny vypdstiť aj stláčanle vzduchu pod valcami. V oboch prípadoch prechádza stlačený vzduch sacím hrdlom prvého sacieho kanála so škrtiacou klapkou, alebo kariburátorom nastaveným na enormně chuldobinú 'zimeis, do tahigeinciálneho vyústenia nad piest v dolnej úvrati a zároveň jeho druhá, menšla časť prechádza karburátorem nastaveným na bohatá zmes do druhého sacieho kanála, ktorý vyúsťuje do valca pod dělnou úvratou piesta a ďalej pokračuje telesom piesta alž do komůrky v pieste, z hornej časti piesta ůťvoirieinej. ,V poilolhie jpiieiste v (blízkosti dolnej úvratě vchá^ldza do valca týmito kánálmi vzduch, či zmes vzduchu a paliva súčasne s vyfukováním spalin z předešlého cyklu cez tangeciálne umiestnený výfukový kanál, vyústěný nad dělnou úvratou piesta. ,Po skončení výfuku a sania ea válec pohybuje k hornej úvrati, pričom slúčasne s komprešiou sa časť bohatej •zmesi z okolta komůrky rozptýlí po celom priestore medzi 'hlavou valca a piestom. Zhytok bohatej zmesi v komůrke piesta sa zapáli svieč•kou, ktorá v blízkosti hornej úvratě zasiahne ďo tohoto priestoru. Od 'hoťiacej bohateij zmesi sa zapáli aj zbyto'k chudobnej zmesi, pričom v přebytku vzduchu nedetonačne zhorí všetko palivo.In order to take full advantage of the solution a) in the field of reduction and favorable variation of the composition of the packs, it is necessary to use a two-stroke engine with separate lubrication and to compress only intake air without fuel, res'p. in the case of a blower driven by an exhaust gas turbine, also blow the air under the cylinders. In both cases, the compressed air passes through the intake port of the first intake duct with the throttle or cariburator set to enormously cold winter, into the tahigeinial outlet above the piston at the bottom dead center, and at the same time its second, smaller portion passes through the rich carburettor into the second intake duct. which opens into a cylinder below the split dead center of the piston and continues through the piston body to the chamber in the piston, from the top of the piston. , In poilolhie jpiieiste in (near the bottom dead center VCHA ^l dza the cylinder following said air or fuel mixture at the same time by blowing the exhaust gas from the previous cycle through the tangeciálne arranged exhaust ports, the mouth of the in part dead center of the piston. When the exhaust and intake ea roller It moves to the top dead center, while at the same time with the complex, a portion of the rich mixture from the chamber surrounding is dispersed throughout the space between the cylinder head and the piston. The residual lean mixture is also ignited from the burning richer mixture, and all the fuel burns non-detonatively in excess air.

Na oibr. 1 je znázorněný válec motora s príslušenstvom v usporiadaní využívajlúcom na stláčanie vzduchu priestor pod piestom v polohe piesta pri horné]' úvrati, na obr. 2 je znázorněný Válec toho istého motora v polohe piesta pri dolnej úvrati. Na obr. 3 je znázorněný válec motora s piestom pri dolnej úvrati v usporiadaní využívajúcom na stláčanle vzduchu dúchaďlo poháňané výfukovými plynmi.Na oibr. 1 shows an engine cylinder with accessories in an arrangement that uses the space below the piston to compress the air in the piston position at the top dead center; FIG. 2 shows the cylinder of the same engine in the piston position at the bottom dead center. In FIG. 3 shows a cylinder of a piston at bottom dead center in an arrangement using a blower driven by an exhaust gas to compress the air.

Na o Ur. l isa avřečkou 1 izapaííuije bohatá (zmes v priestore komůrky 2 v pieste 4 a .od nej chudobná zmes medzi hlavou valca 3 a piestom 4, čím dochádza k expanzii. (Zároveň je v tejto polohe otvorený sací kanál 5, ktorým sa dostává čerstvý vzduch pod plést. Vplyvom expanzié sa piest za konanla užitočnej práce presúva db dolnej úvrati, v ktorej je znázorněný na. obr. 2, kde je sací kanál 5 uzatvorený telesom piesta 4 a všetky ostatné kanály sú otvorené. Tým nastáva vyiíukovanle spalin výfukovým kanálom 6 za súčasného privádzania čerstvého vzduchu, alebo chudobnej zmesi prvým sacím kanálom 7 do priestoru nad piest a bohatej zmesi druhým sacím kanálom 8 do komůrky 2 v pie'ste. Množstvo vzduchu, připadne chudobnej zmesi vzduchu a paliva, privádzanej prvým 'sacím kanálom 7 sa reguluje škrtiácou klapkou 9, množstvo bohatej zmesi privádzanej druhým sacím kanálom 8 sa reguluje škrtiaoou klapkou 10. Vzduch ku škrtiacim klapkám sa privádza z priestoru pod piestom prepúšťacím kanálom 11. (Zároveň ,sa do druhého sacieho kanála 8, resp. do.oboch privádza palivo v smere (šipky 12. Na Obr. 3 je znázorněné usporiadanie motora s dúchadlom. Na vytvoireinle přetlaku čerstvého vzduchu před škrtidcou klapkou 9 vzduchu čl chudobnej zmesi a škrtiacou klapkou 10 bohatej zmesi je použité dúchadlo 13 poháňané výfukovými plynmi turbínou 14.Na o Ur. The mixture in chamber 2 in the piston 4 and the lean mixture between the cylinder head 3 and the piston 4 thereby expanding. (At the same time, the intake duct 5 is opened in this position, which receives fresh air As a result of the expansion, the piston moves to the bottom dead center shown in Fig. 2, where the suction channel 5 is closed by the piston body 4 and all other channels are open. simultaneous supply of fresh air or lean mixture through the first intake duct 7 to the space above the piston and rich mixture through the second intake duct 8 to the chamber 2 in the piston 2. The amount of air or lean air / fuel mixture supplied by the first intake duct 7 is controlled by throttling. flap 9, the amount of rich mixture supplied by the second intake passage 8 is controlled by the throttle 10. The air to the throttles and is fed from the space below the piston through a passage channel 11. (At the same time, the second suction channel 8, respectively. The engine arrangement with the blower is shown in Fig. 3. In order to create a fresh air overpressure in front of the throttle valve 9 of the lean mixture and the throttle valve 10 of the rich mixture, a blower 13 driven by the exhaust gas of the turbine 14 is used. .

Motor podía vynálezu možno použit namieteto teraz používaných dvoj- a štvortaktných motorov s vnútorným spalováním, 's ohíadom na zníženie exhálácií zvlášť výhodné pre pohon motorových vozidiel.The engine according to the invention can be used in opposition to the two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines now in use, with a view to reducing exhaust emissions, particularly advantageous for driving motor vehicles.

Claims

2 In order to take full advantage of the solution in the field of reducing and favoring the strains of composite materials, it is necessary to use a two-stroke engine with separate lubrication and press only the fuel-free air inlet or below the rollers. in the case of the use of a blower driven by an exhaust gas turbine, the compressing of the air by the lowers can also be avoided. In both cases, the compressed air passes through the intake port of the first intake duct with a throttle, or a burner set to an enormously pliable shape, in the low-dead center, and at the same time the second, smaller portion of the thrust blower goes to the rich burner. a mixture into a second suction channel which opens into the cylinder under the lower piston head and continues through the piston body into the piston chamber from the upper part of the piston rod. In the position near the bottom dead center, air or a mixture of air and fuel is blown into the cylinder by blowing the exhaust gas from the previous cycle through an exhaust channel located above the bottom dead center. When the exhaust and suction are finished, the cylinder moves to the top dead center while part of the rich mixture is dispersed around the chamber between the cylinder head and the piston along with the compressor. The residual mixture in the piston chamber is ignited by the candle, which reaches this space near the top dead center. Also, from the burning rich blend, the residual of the poor mixture is burned, and all fuel is burned off by the excess air. Na oibr. 1 shows a cylinder of an engine with an accessory in the arrangement for compressing the air, the space under the piston in the position at the top dead center; FIG. 2 shows the cylinder of the same engine in the position of the dead center piston. FIG. 3 shows a piston cylinder of a piston at a bottom dead center in use for blowing exhaust gas driven air. Na oUr. In FIG. 1, the rich isomer compartment of chamber 2 in the piston 4 and the poor mixture between the cylinder head 3 and the piston 4 coalesce, thereby expanding. At the same time, the suction port 5 is opened in this position, whereby the fresh air under the piston is received. As a result of the expansion of the sapiites, in the course of working as a laborer, he moves to the bottom dead center in which he is depicted. FIG. 2, when the suction channel 5 is closed by the piston body 4, and in any case the channels are open. Thereby, the exhaust gas is exhausted through the exhaust duct 6 while supplying fresh air or the poor mixture through the first intake duct 7 of the space above the piston and the rich mixture with the second intake duct 8 into the piston chamber 2. The amount of air, possibly the poor mixture of air and fuel supplied by the first suction channel 7, is regulated by the throttle flap 9, the amount of rich mixture supplied by the second intake duct 8 is regulated by the throttle flap 10. Air to the throttle flap is fed from the space below the passage channel 11 (At the same time, the second suction channel 8 or both is fed in the direction (arrows 12). In FIG. 3, the arrangement of the motor with the blower is shown. the exhaust mixer 13 is used to drive the poor mix and the rich mixer 10 is driven by the exhaust gas turbine 14. The engine of the present invention can be used in the two-way and four-stroke internal combustion engines used in the present invention, with a view to reducing the exotherms separately advantageous for propulsion of motor vehicles OBJECTS Internal combustion engine non-homogeneous fuel / air mixture provided with at least a double channel for supplying air, or a mixture of air with fuel and equipped with a candle for igniting the mixture in the cylinder head, characterized in that the first suction of Ikainil (7), .muin & - pure air, or poor fuel mixture EXTRACTED by excess air, empties into cylinder (3) overwhelmed with braided> (4), while second suction channel ί (β) opens into cylinder (3J below lower back [plesita i (4) and continues through the body of the chamber (4) of the chamber (2) which is cut off (upper side of the housing 1 (4)).