SU1280149A1 - Internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

1. INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR containing a combustion chamber divided into. the main and pre-chamber cavities, coo6QteHHbie with each other using at least one nozzle, a carburetor with an air-fuel mixture preparation chamber, an inlet pipe connected to the main cavity using two channels: the air-to-air mixture feed channel and the air feed channel into the zone remote from the nozzle and the spark plug installed in the prechamber cavity, characterized in that, in order to reduce the toxicity of exhaust gases by reducing the possibility of over-depletion of the mixture in the forcamp hydrochloric cavity modes at partial load and no-load (L inlet conduit is further provided with a channel power prechamber cavity connected thereto through a valve 25 SI t f J2 / A April 24;. D

Description

2. The engine according to claim 1, in connection with the fact that the feed channel of the pre-chamber cavity is in communication with the feed channel of the heat / air mixture into the main cavity of the combustion chamber.

3. The engine as claimed in claim 1, in connection with the fact that you are a carburetor: filled with an additional mixing chamber and a forka A feed channel

1280

dimensional cavity connected to ity camera.

A. Engine according to claims 1-3, in which only the inlet ducts are connected to the main cavity through a common inlet valve.

5. The engine according to claim 4, about tl and. That the common inlet valve is provided with a screen element.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to engine building and can be used in gasoline engines for internal combustion with pre-chamber flame. Internal combustion engines are known that contain a combustion chamber, a pre-chamber cavity divided into a main chamber and equipped with spark plugs, a carburetor communicated with at least one nozzle, the cylinder part of which is connected to the main combustion chamber through the main inlet valve and its prechamber chamber with pre-chamber cavity through auxiliary valve ij. When the engine is running, the low fuel in the air mixture coming from the cylinder part, the carburetor, delivers into the main cavity of the combustion chamber, and the mixture from the pre-chamber carburetor is rich in fuel and fuel from the pre-chamber part of the carburetor, fed to the pre-chamber cavity. In the process of intake and compression, a mixture with an air excess factor of 0.4-0.7 should be formed in the chamber cavity shape, the combustion of which is accompanied by the formation of products of incomplete combustion with high chemical activity. By entering from the pre-chamber cavity through the nozzle mainly, chemically active particles initiate in it numerous foci of ignition of the lean mixture and contribute to an increase in the completeness of combustion. However, to obtain a mixture of the optimal composition in the prechamber cavity in all engine operating modes, it is necessary to feed a very rich mixture into it, the composition of which goes beyond the ignition limits. Mixing - in the prechamber cavity of the rich mixture with the lean cylinder mixture in the compression process it is not always possible to obtain a mixture of optimal composition, i.e., in the prechamber cavity. The composition of the mixture can be either re-enriched or re-enriched, which can lead to misfire and increased emissions of hydrocarbons C from the exhaust gases. In addition, combustion in the main cavity during engine operation at high loads is accompanied by a slightly increased formation of nitrogen oxides, since the mixture burns at a relatively high temperature. Also known are internal combustion engines containing a combustion chamber divided into a main and pre-chamber cavities interconnected by means of at least one nozzle, a carburetor with an air-fuel mixture cooking chamber, a flow pipe connected to the main cavity through two channels: an air-flow feed channel the mixture in the zone adjacent to the nozzle, and the air supply channel in the zone remote from the nozzle.

and a spark plug installed in the pre-chamber cavity 2.

During operation of such engines, it is difficult to blow the pre-chamber cavity from gases remaining from the previous cycle, which does not allow to create a mixture of the optimal composition in it at the time of ignition, especially when the engine is operating at partial load and idling, and may lead to misfire. In order to improve the purge of the pre-chamber cavity, the nozzle flow section is usually increased and guide elements are installed, which leads to a decrease in the efficiency of combustion in the main cavity of the combustion chamber, an increase in the release of toxic substances with exhaust gases and a decrease in efficiency.

The purpose of the invention is to create an engine in which, along with good blowing of the pre-chamber cavity and the formation in it of the optimum composition at all engine operating modes, a mixture of a stratified composition can be obtained in the main cavity of the combustion chamber, i.e. pre-chamber cavity nozzles and depleted: down to clean air in the zone opposite to the nozzle core zone .7ОТИ, and also reduction of exhaust gases toxicity by reducing the possibility of over-depletion of the mixture in the pre-chamber chamber awn on modes partial load and idling. I

The goal is achieved by the fact that the inlet pipe is additionally equipped with; The feed channel of the prechamber cavity connected to it through the valve, the feed channel of the prechamber cavity can be communicated either with the feed channel of the fuel-air mixture into the main cavity of the combustion chamber, or connected to an additional 1mixer mixing tube, which can be connected to the inlet pipe the main cavity through a common inlet valve, which can be equipped with a screen element.

Fig. I shows one of the engine variants, a section along. general inlet valve, nozzle, prechamber cavity and its inlet valve; figure 2 is a section aa on

801494

fig.i; Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of the engine.

The internal combustion engine contains a combustion chamber divided into the main cavity I and the pre-chamber cavity 2, communicated with each other using nozzles 3. The main cavity 1 is formed by the cylinder 4 head 5 and the piston 6 at the O position at the top dead center, the pre-chamber cavity 2 is made in the head 4. The engine has a carburetor 7 connected to the air cleaner 8 and equipped with a chamber 9 for preparing the air-fuel mixture and a chamber 10 for metering air. Chambers 9 and 10 are equipped with throttle valves II and 12, respectively, for adjusting the air / fuel ratio in the engine. The valves 11 and 12 can be interlocked with each other and connected to the accelerator pedal (not shown). The chamber 9 through the opening 13 (Fig. 1) is connected to the auxiliary chamber 14. FIG. 3 shows the engine with an additional mixing chamber 15 of the carburetor 7 which is connected to the auxiliary chamber 14. In the additional mixing chamber 15 a throttle valve 16 is placed for adjusting supply to her mixture. The carburetor 7 is connected to the engine through the inlet piping 17, in which the channel 18 for supplying the air-fuel mixture, the channel 19 for supplying air and the channel 20 for feeding the pre-chamber cavity 2 are completed. The channel 18 of the inlet pipe 17 is connected to chamber 9, and channel 19 is to camera IO respectively. Channel 20 is connected to sub-camera 14, which can be communicated either with chamber 9 or

5 with an additional carburetor mixing chamber 15 7.

In the cylinder head 5 there is an inlet 21 for supplying the top 0 Leuvaud mixture to the zone adjacent to the nozzles 3 and an inlet 22 for supplying air to the zone removed from the nozzles 3 of the main cavity 1 of the combustion chamber. Nozzles 21 and 22 times5 are divided by a partition 23 and connected to the main cavity 1 through a common inlet valve 24, but you can also use Two inlet valves for each of the nozzles 21 and 22. Valve 2D can be equipped with a screen element 25 to improve the orientation of the air-fuel mixture in the main cavity 1. Pipe 26, externally in the head 4, is connected to the prechamber cavity 2 via an auxiliary inlet valve 27. For inserting exhaust gases from cylinder 5, the head 4 is equipped with an exhaust valve 28. To ignite the prechamber mixture 2 olosti expedient selected from the following relations Ys 0,03-0, 0,02-0,08; V volume of the prechamber cavity; volume of the main cavity; nozzle cross-sectional area When the engine is operating, the air coming from the air cleaner 8 is fed into the carburetor 7, where it mixes with the fuel in chamber 9. The air-fuel mixture 18 passes the inlet pipe, 21 engines at the intake stroke when the general intake valve 24 is open. Air in the inlet pipe 22 occurs through the chamber 10 and the channel 19. In the mixing chamber 9, the preparation of an enriched fuel / air mixture with a volume of 0.4-0.7. In chamber 10, a lean mixture can be prepared while the engine is operating at high loads. As shown in FIG. 1, the enriched air-fuel mixture from chamber 9 through the opening 13 can enter the auxiliary chamber 14. From chamber 14, through pipe 26 through the open auxiliary inlet valve 27, the enriched air-fuel mixture enters the prechamber cavity 2, displaced through the nozzles 3 gases , remaining from the previous cycle, into the main cavity 1. In the engine variant shown in FIG. 3, the enriched mixture is prepared in the additional mixing chamber 15 of the carburetor 7 and enters the auxiliary chamber 14. The advantage is that Whose engine performance is the possibility of wide regulation of mixtures fed both into the main cavity 1 and into the pre-chamber cavity 2. When compressed, charge overflows from cylinder 6 to the pre-chamber cavity 2. However, since the compositions of the mixtures that are in the pre-chamber cavity 2 and in the zone adjacent to the nozzles 3 are equal, in the prechamber cavity 2, in any engine operation mode, there will be a mixture of the optimal composition with about 0.4-0.7. At the same time, in the main cavity 1 by the end of compression, due to turbulence, charge separation of the cylinder 6 occurs. The enriched mixture of about 0.4 ° C, 7 will be concentrated near the nozzles 3 and gradually become lean (up to clean air) in the opposite direction from the nozzles 3 the zone of the main cavity 1 of the combustion chamber. At the end of the compression, the enriched mixture is ignited in the prechamber cavity 2 from candle 29. The combustion of the enriched mixture in the prechamber cavity 2 will be accompanied by the formation of products of incomplete combustion, which possess: high chemical activity. The torches of chemically active particles flowing from the pre-chamber cavity 2 form numerous vortical foci of inflammation in the zone of the enriched mixture of the main cavity 1. Ignition and combustion of the enriched mixture will occur at low temperatures and with insufficient air, which will reduce the formation of nitrogen oxides during combustion. The subsequent combustion and expansion will take place in a lean mixture up to clean air at temperatures sufficient for the combustion of hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, but not sufficient for the formation of nitrogen oxides. The exhaust valve 28 is opened to exhaust the exhaust gases.

Claims (5)

'' 1. INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, containing a combustion chamber of a chamber cavity communicating with each other by at least one nozzle, a carburetor with a chamber for preparing the air-fuel mixture, an inlet pipe connected to the main cavity by two channels: a channel for supplying the air-fuel mixture into the zone, adjacent to the nozzle, and the air supply duct into a zone remote from the nozzle, and _t spark plug installed in the cavity forkamer- hydrochloric, characterized in that, to reduce the toxicity of the exhaust gases by reducing POSSIBILITY repauperization mixture · a prechamber cavity modes at partial load and idling, the intake pipe is additionally provided with supply channel prechamber cavity connected thereto via SU „1280149 FI.G.1 2. The engine according to π .1, with the fact that the feed chamber of the prechamber cavity is in communication with the feed channel of the hot air mixture into the main cavity of the combustion chamber. '' 3. The engine according to π.1, with respect to the fact that the carburetor is made with an additional mixing chamber and the feed channel of the prechamber cavity is connected to this chamber. 4. The engine according to claims 1 to 3, wherein the channels of the inlet pipe are connected in the main cavity through a common inlet valve. 5. The engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the common intake valve is equipped with a screen element.