CS195883B1 - Process for anionic heterogeneous polymerisation - Google Patents
Process for anionic heterogeneous polymerisation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CS195883B1 CS195883B1 CS763884A CS388476A CS195883B1 CS 195883 B1 CS195883 B1 CS 195883B1 CS 763884 A CS763884 A CS 763884A CS 388476 A CS388476 A CS 388476A CS 195883 B1 CS195883 B1 CS 195883B1
- Authority
- CS
- Czechoslovakia
- Prior art keywords
- graphite
- lithium
- polymerization
- solvent
- binary
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 37
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012429 reaction media Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012674 dispersion polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000002897 diene group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 24
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000010539 anionic addition polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 abstract 4
- ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylbuta-1,3-diene;styrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 ROGIWVXWXZRRMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 28
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 22
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 21
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 17
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 15
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000001993 dienes Chemical group 0.000 description 9
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 239000002798 polar solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 5
- XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1 XDTMQSROBMDMFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Butyllithium Chemical compound [Li]CCCC MZRVEZGGRBJDDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003849 aromatic solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- -1 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl butane Natural products CCCC(C)C AFABGHUZZDYHJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002641 lithium Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyclopentane Chemical compound C1CCCC1 RGSFGYAAUTVSQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pentane Chemical compound CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC3=CC=CC=C3C=C21 MWPLVEDNUUSJAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N benzene-d6 Chemical compound [2H]C1=C([2H])C([2H])=C([2H])C([2H])=C1[2H] UHOVQNZJYSORNB-MZWXYZOWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopentane Chemical compound CCC(C)C QWTDNUCVQCZILF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229920003052 natural elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001194 natural rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001052 transient effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 description 2
- YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-Diphenylbenzene Chemical group C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 YJTKZCDBKVTVBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylethenylbenzene Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZMYIIHDQURVDRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IYDMICQAKLQHLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylnaphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 IYDMICQAKLQHLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isooctane Chemical compound CC(C)CC(C)(C)C NHTMVDHEPJAVLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004996 alkyl benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004455 differential thermal analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl-hexane Natural products CCCCCC(C)C JVSWJIKNEAIKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010528 free radical solution polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007792 gaseous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptamethylene Natural products C1CCCCCC1 DMEGYFMYUHOHGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- KXUHSQYYJYAXGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutylbenzene Chemical compound CC(C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 KXUHSQYYJYAXGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002923 metal particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013365 molecular weight analysis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000655 nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000053 physical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical compound [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003051 synthetic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005061 synthetic rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002411 thermogravimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/20—Carbon compounds
- B01J27/22—Carbides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
- B01J23/04—Alkali metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F36/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/02—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C08F36/04—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, at least one having two or more carbon-to-carbon double bonds the radical having only two carbon-to-carbon double bonds conjugated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/913—Vapor phase polymerization in absence of transition metal containing catalyst
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Polymerization Catalysts (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| BG7500030292A BG24575A1 (en) | 1975-06-14 | 1975-06-14 | Compounds for including alkali metals in hydroca bon with graphite structure,method of obtaining and usi g same |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CS195883B1 true CS195883B1 (en) | 1980-02-29 |
Family
ID=3901361
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CS763884A CS195883B1 (en) | 1975-06-14 | 1976-06-11 | Process for anionic heterogeneous polymerisation |
Country Status (16)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4035562A (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS528088A (de) |
| AT (1) | AT360750B (de) |
| BE (1) | BE842879A (de) |
| BG (1) | BG24575A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1083297A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH610913A5 (de) |
| CS (1) | CS195883B1 (de) |
| DD (1) | DD125219A5 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE2626551A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2314201A1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1557239A (de) |
| IT (1) | IT1066166B (de) |
| NL (1) | NL7606324A (de) |
| PL (1) | PL110955B1 (de) |
| SU (1) | SU707928A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4097660A (en) * | 1975-06-14 | 1978-06-27 | Agence Nationale De Valorisation De La Recherche (Anvar) | Heterogeneous anionic polymerization process |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2965624A (en) * | 1957-11-21 | 1960-12-20 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Carbon-alkali metal compounds as polymerization catalyst |
| FR1402947A (fr) * | 1964-04-24 | 1965-06-18 | Charbonnages De France | Procédé de fabrication des composés d'insertion des métaux alcalins dans le graphite et composés obtenus |
| US3479300A (en) * | 1965-10-22 | 1969-11-18 | Cabot Corp | Carbonaceous products |
-
1975
- 1975-06-14 BG BG7500030292A patent/BG24575A1/xx unknown
-
1976
- 1976-06-11 IT IT49907/76A patent/IT1066166B/it active
- 1976-06-11 BE BE167866A patent/BE842879A/xx unknown
- 1976-06-11 NL NL7606324A patent/NL7606324A/xx not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1976-06-11 FR FR7618731A patent/FR2314201A1/fr active Granted
- 1976-06-11 CA CA254,626A patent/CA1083297A/en not_active Expired
- 1976-06-11 CS CS763884A patent/CS195883B1/cs unknown
- 1976-06-14 SU SU762371855A patent/SU707928A1/ru active
- 1976-06-14 US US05/695,837 patent/US4035562A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1976-06-14 DE DE19762626551 patent/DE2626551A1/de not_active Ceased
- 1976-06-14 DD DD193357A patent/DD125219A5/xx unknown
- 1976-06-14 CH CH754076A patent/CH610913A5/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-06-14 AT AT432876A patent/AT360750B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-06-14 JP JP51068839A patent/JPS528088A/ja active Pending
- 1976-06-14 PL PL1976190428A patent/PL110955B1/pl unknown
- 1976-06-14 GB GB24602/76A patent/GB1557239A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2626551A1 (de) | 1977-01-13 |
| PL110955B1 (en) | 1980-08-30 |
| FR2314201A1 (fr) | 1977-01-07 |
| BG24575A1 (en) | 1978-04-12 |
| US4035562A (en) | 1977-07-12 |
| NL7606324A (nl) | 1976-12-16 |
| DD125219A5 (de) | 1977-04-06 |
| GB1557239A (en) | 1979-12-05 |
| AT360750B (de) | 1981-01-26 |
| JPS528088A (en) | 1977-01-21 |
| PL190428A1 (pl) | 1978-10-23 |
| SU707928A1 (ru) | 1980-01-05 |
| ATA432876A (de) | 1980-06-15 |
| CA1083297A (en) | 1980-08-05 |
| CH610913A5 (de) | 1979-05-15 |
| IT1066166B (it) | 1985-03-04 |
| BE842879A (fr) | 1976-12-13 |
| FR2314201B1 (de) | 1978-09-01 |
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