CN88101382A - 泡沫陶瓷过滤器及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种用于过滤熔融金属的改进的泡沫陶瓷过滤器,是由含有碳化硅及一种胶态结合剂的陶瓷泥浆制成。此种过滤器具有至少50%碳化硅和至少3%二氧化硅的固体物含量。
Description
本发明涉及用于过滤熔融金属,特别是过滤铁基合金的一种改进的泡沫陶瓷过滤器,以及制备此种过滤器的方法。更具体讲,本发明是涉及一种具有改进性能的泡沫陶瓷过滤器,特别是对于过滤铁和铁基合金,使其具有快速引动(priming)过滤的作用,而不会在其中发生反应。
在本技术领域中已知可应用多孔性泡沫陶瓷材料来过滤熔融的金属,特别是过滤铝,例如在美国专利第3893917,3947363,3962081,4024056,4024212,4075303,4265659,4342644以及4343704号中所叙述的。制造此类过滤器的材料主要是包括一种具有某些其他添加物的磷酸盐耐火材料,此种耐火材料已在2000°F在左右烧成,以便使此种胶结成熟。虽然此类型耐火材料适用于制铝工业,并能容易地经受一般在1300°F左右铸造大多数的铝合金,但是由于强度低,耐化学品性能差同时高温稳定性也差,所以在许多其他可能发展的用途中无法使用。
于是就迫切需要研制一种材料,既要保留该种泡沫陶瓷材料已具备的有利性质,即高孔隙度,低压力降,大的几何表面积和曲折的流径,还要克服以前在强度、耐化学品性能和耐高温性能方面的不足。此外,还非常需要研制一种制法比较简单,能用于许多用途,特别是高温用途的材料,例如用于过滤黑色金属。
美国专利第4610832号中描述了一种改进的泡沫陶瓷过滤器及其制备的方法,此种过滤器特别适于高温用途,例如铁或钢的过滤;其制造是使用包括一种胶凝水化氧化铝结合剂的触变性陶瓷组分的水泥浆为基础。虽然所述的过滤器确有显著改进,但是已经发现在某些用途中需要用特殊的流道和浇口系统以保证此种过滤器的引动过滤作用。
因此本发明的一个主要目的是提供一种改进的泡沫陶瓷过滤器及其制备方法。
本发明的进一步目的是提供一种如前述的改进的泡沫陶瓷过滤器和制造方法,此种过滤器便宜并且容易使用,而此种方法可制造出符合要求的和确实改进了的性能的过滤器。
本发明还有一个进一步的目的,就是提供一种如前述的改进的过滤器和制造方法,此种过滤器克服了磷酸盐结合剂的缺点,而此种制造方法可提供一种易于引动过滤和具有改进的耐热性能的过滤器。
本发明的再进一步的目的和优点将在下文中叙述。
按照本发明,前述的目的和优点均很容易达到。
本发明提供一种改进的泡沫陶瓷过滤器及其制备方法,其特征在于具有极好的物理性质,特别是高导热性,并且对铁及铁基合金能快速引动过滤,还能避免磷酸盐结合剂的缺点,特别是由于在熔融金属中摄取磷而引起的热/化学不稳定性。
本发明的改进的泡沫陶瓷过滤器是由一种含有碳化硅和一种胶态二氧化硅结合剂的陶瓷泥浆制成,此种过滤器具有开孔泡沫结构,并具有许多由所述陶瓷的网膜包围的互连空隙;所述的过滤器具有至少50%的碳化硅和至少3%的二氧化硅,而最好是3-5%的二氧化硅的固体物含量。其他陶瓷材料,例如氧化铝也可以加入此种泥浆中。
此外,本发明是制备一种用于过滤熔融金属的泡沫陶瓷过滤器的方法,此法包括:提供一种网状结构的有机聚合物泡沫材料;将所述的泡沫材料用一种含有碳化硅和一种胶态二氧化硅结合剂的触变性陶瓷组合物的水泥浆浸渍,所述组合物具有至少50%碳化硅和至少3%二氧化硅,而最好是3-15%二氧化硅的固体物含量;将所述的已浸渍的聚合物泡沫干燥并加热,除掉其中的有机物组分,然后在高温烧成,制得所述的泡沫过滤器。
本发明的方法和过滤器在本技术领域中具有明显优点,特别是用于过滤铁和铁基合金。已发现此种胶态二氧化硅对于铁和铁基合金的最后产物具有润湿效应,因此在过滤熔融铁和铁基合金时可以快速地引动过滤。此种情况对于本技术有很大好处。
此外,本发明的特征在于并不具有使用磷酸盐结合剂的缺点。在过滤铁和铁基合金时,使用磷酸盐结合剂,可在所过滤的熔体中加入不合乎要求的杂质。首先,本发明的胶态二氧化硅结合剂不易溶解于铁和铁基合金的熔融物。其次,铁和铁基合金熔融物对于硅的容受性比对磷来得高。当采用常用方法把废过滤器放在熔融物中来回收金属时,则前述情况是一项特别优点。此外,本发明的过滤器很经济,并具有极好的物理性质,特别是高导热性,此种高导热性可提供良好的抗热冲击性,并可防止该过滤器的热-机械性损坏。
本发明的进一步特征将在下文中叙明。
按照本发明,该种泡沫陶瓷过滤器是由一种开孔泡沫材料,而最好是疏水的软质泡沫材料制成,其中具有许多由所述软质泡沫材料的网膜包围的互连空隙。可以应用的典型材料包括聚合物型泡沫材料,例如最好是聚氨基甲酸乙酯和纤维素的泡沫材料。一般来讲,任何具有弹性和能恢复原来形状的可燃性有机塑性泡沫材料均可以使用。该泡沫材料必须能在低于所用的陶瓷材料的烧成温度即已燃烧或汽化。
所用的水陶瓷泥浆应具有触变性,具有相当高的流动性,并含有所需陶瓷材料的一种水悬浮体。
该种碳化硅组分最好是粒度为325网目筛下物,即小于45微米;但亦可容易地使用粒度为100网目筛下的碳化硅,即150微米或以下。由于能够使用细粒度陶瓷材料,例如10微米或更小的加工细粒,是一项重要优点,特别对于成本是有好处的。该种组合物的固体物含量必须至少含50%碳化硅,而最高可含97%碳化硅。
可以很方便地将另外的陶瓷材料与该种碳化硅组分一起使用。氧化铝是一种有特别好处的添加组分,在使用时应当使用粒度为325网目筛下的材料,即小于45微米。当然,也可以方便地使用其他陶瓷材料,例如氧化锆,氧化铬,堇青石,莫来石等。
本发明的优点在于,按照本发明,已不必需使用一种有害的磷酸盐结合剂。这样就在该过滤器中免用使铁及铁基合金熔融物有增添不利的磷酸盐杂质倾向的有害磷酸盐组分。本发明中的结合剂是一种胶态二氧化硅结合剂,是使用10-50%的水配制的该物质颗粒的水分散体。该胶态分散体是一种稳定、不沉降的悬浮体,粒度为1微米或更小。该胶态二氧化硅组分是作为结合剂,并由于该分散体的胶体特性,而使其具有乎要求的触变性。
当然也可以使用其他的添加材料,来作为一种附加结合剂,或者为了其他有利的原因而使用,例如可以方便地使用蒙脱石、Aquathix-(Tenneco化学公司的一种水溶性多糖的商标)、膨润土、高岭土及其他类似物料。
按照本发明的方法,可提供一种网状结构的有机聚合物泡沫材料,并用该种水泥浆浸渍此泡沫材料。在美国专利第3962081,4075303及4024212号中描述了制造熔融金属过滤器的泡沫陶瓷材料的详细步骤,其公开的内容已作为本说明书的参考资料。
将该种软质泡沫材料用该种水陶瓷材料泥浆浸渍,以便将其纤维状网膜覆盖,并填充其空隙。在一般情况下,最好是简单地将泡沫材料在该泥浆浸泡一段足以保证该泡沫材料接近完全浸渍的短时间,该种聚合物材料的孔隙大小可以是每英寸有三个孔或多于三个孔。从较高的总物料通过量来看,已发现在每英寸中有3-25个孔范围的较大孔隙对于铁及铁基合金的过滤是特别有利的,但是也可以方便地使用较小的孔隙,例如可达每英寸50孔。
然后把已浸渍的泡沫材料压榨,排出一部分泥浆,同时保持纤维状网膜部分仍被覆盖,并且在整个陶瓷体中的各处均具有许多被堵塞的孔,以提高流径的曲折度,即在整个陶瓷体中均匀地分布,而不是聚集在一起。对于要求通过量最大而过滤程度较低的情况,最好采用较粗大的孔尺寸,同时只有非常少的孔被堵塞。例如在连续操作时,可以将已浸渍的泡沫材料通过预调定的辊子以达到从该泡沫材料排出该种泥浆的要求,并且留下需要量的浸渍物。当然也可以用手工来挤压该种软质泡沫材料,达到所要求的程度。在此阶段,该种泡沫材料仍然是软性的,而在需要时可以成型为适于过滤的形状,即成型为弯曲的圆盘,空心圆筒等等。需要用惯用的方法将已成型的泡沫材料保持其形状,直至该种有机物基材分解掉为止。然后将已浸渍泡沫材料用任何适当方法来干燥,例如空气干燥、在100-700℃温度下加速干燥15分钟至6小时,或者采用微波干燥。空气干燥可以在8至24小时完成。在干燥后,将该材料在超过2000°F的升高温度下烧成来形成该种泡沫陶瓷过滤器,而高达3500°F的温度是适宜的。在烧成之后,所得制品的特征是具有如上所述的许多被堵塞的孔隙。在峰值温度或接近峰值温度的烧成时间至少为15分钟,一般为至少1小时,而一般是少于10小时。总的烧成时间,包括加热到峰值温度的时间和从峰值温度冷却的时间,当然,可随着所用的烧成炉的类型而有很大的不同。
所得的制品具有如前所述的特征,并具有如前所论述的显著优点。
当然,可以方便地使用附加的无机添加物,以便得到特别有利的性质,例如烧结助剂,颗粒增长抑制剂或者流变性无机助剂。也可以有利地使用其他有机添加剂,例如暂时结合剂和流变性助剂。
按照本发明,根据对以下资料的研究,可更容易理解其中各具体特征。
实例1
按如下配方制备一种触变性陶瓷泥浆:
78.83磅的碳化硅(约占50.94%)
9.64磅的水(约占6.23%)
28.91磅的氧化铝(约占18.68%)
35.76磅的胶态二氧化硅在水中的分散体(约占23.11%)
1.48磅的蒙脱石(约占0.96%)
0.12磅的Aquathix(约占0.08%)
前述的组合物可提供下列固体物含量:
碳化硅-固体物78.83磅-65.65%
氧化铝-固体物28.91磅-24.08%
胶态二氧化硅-固体物10.73磅-8.94%
蒙脱石-固体物1.48磅-1.23%
Aquathix-固体物0.12磅-0.10%
前述的触变性泥浆是用来浸渍标称每英寸10个孔,尺寸为3×3英寸方形的开孔泡沫软质聚氨基甲酸乙酯泡沫材料,使该种纤维状网膜被覆盖,并填充其空隙。浸渍的方法是将该泡沫材料样品浸渍在该泥浆中,用予先调定的辊子压榨该泡沫材料,并且排出一部分泥浆,而使整个该物体的纤维状网膜仍然被覆盖,以及有许多被堵塞的孔隙,以便增加流径的曲折性。
将所得的已浸渍泡沫材料干燥并且加热,以便从其中除掉有机物组分,然后在约2100°F烧成1小时。所制得的泡沫陶瓷样品的特征是有开孔泡沫结构,并且是有由一种陶瓷网膜围绕的互连的空隙。
实例2
将按照实例1所制备的泡沫陶瓷过滤器样品放在一套铸造设备的流道系统中,用以过滤球墨铸铁。该类样品是3×3英寸方形,并进行了数次试验,每次均用150磅球墨铸铁通过量。在这些试验中,该种合金的温度在2600-2700°F范围内。在全部试验中,铸造时间少于20秒,全部过滤器均快速地引动过滤,并没有明显的流速下降,而所得的铸件与未过滤的铸件相比,实质上没有内眼可见的缺陷。
本发明可以在不脱离其精神实质或其主要特征的情况下,用其他形式来实施,或是用其他方式来进行。因此,本实施方案无论从哪个角度来考虑,都是作为说明性的,而不是限定性的,权利要求书中指出了本发明的范围,并且在其意义和等效性范围内出现的全部变化均包括在本发明中。
Claims (11)
1、一种用于过滤熔融金属的泡沫陶瓷过滤器,是由一种含有碳化硅和一种胶态二氧化硅结合剂的陶瓷泥浆制成,此种过滤器具有开孔泡沫结构,并具有许多由所述陶瓷的网膜所包围的互连空隙;所述的结构具有至少50%的碳化硅和至少3%的二氧化硅的固体物含量。
2、按照权利要求1的过滤器,其中所含的二氧化硅固体物为3-15%。
3、按照权利要求1的过滤器,其中包括氧化铝。
4、制备一种用于过滤熔融金属的泡沫陶瓷过滤器的方法,此法包括:提供一种网状结构的有机聚合物泡沫材料;将所述泡沫材料用一种包括碳化硅和一种胶态二氧化硅结合剂的触变性陶瓷组合物的水泥浆浸渍,所述组合物具有至少含50%碳化硅和至少3%二氧化硅的固体物含量;将所述已浸渍的聚合物泡沫材料干燥并加热,除掉其中的有机物组分;然后在高温烧成,制得所述的泡沫陶瓷过滤器。
5、按照权利要求4的方法,其中的二氧化硅固体物含量为3至15%。
6、按照权利要求4的方法,其中该碳化硅的粒度为100网目筛下物或更小。
7、按照权利要求4的方法,其中所述的陶瓷组合物包括氧化铝。
8、按照权利要求7的方法,其中所述的氧化铝的粒度为325网目筛下物或更小。
9、按照权利要求4的方法,其中所述的泥浆包括10-50%水。
10、按照权利要求4的方法,其中所述的加热阶段是在最高为1250°F的温度下。
11、按照权利要求4的方法,其中所述的聚合物泡沫材料所具的孔隙尺寸为每英寸至少3个孔。
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Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/029,184 US4885263A (en) | 1987-03-23 | 1987-03-23 | Ceramic foam filter and process for preparing same |
US029,184 | 1993-03-10 |
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CN88101382A true CN88101382A (zh) | 1988-10-05 |
CN1028510C CN1028510C (zh) | 1995-05-24 |
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CN88101382A Expired - Lifetime CN1028510C (zh) | 1987-03-23 | 1988-03-23 | 泡沫陶瓷过滤器及其制备方法 |
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US (1) | US4885263A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0305455B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH0675660B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1028510C (zh) |
AR (1) | AR240787A1 (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE79783T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU607985B2 (zh) |
BR (1) | BR8806991A (zh) |
CA (1) | CA1293520C (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3874054D1 (zh) |
DK (1) | DK649688A (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2009556A6 (zh) |
IN (1) | IN170871B (zh) |
NO (1) | NO172966C (zh) |
WO (1) | WO1988007403A1 (zh) |
ZA (1) | ZA883684B (zh) |
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CN112851396A (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-05-28 | 哈尔滨化兴软控科技有限公司 | 一种多孔碳化硅陶瓷片及其制备方法 |
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- 1988-03-01 ES ES8800599A patent/ES2009556A6/es not_active Expired
- 1988-03-16 IN IN169/MAS/88A patent/IN170871B/en unknown
- 1988-03-18 AR AR310353A patent/AR240787A1/es active
- 1988-03-21 AT AT88902377T patent/ATE79783T1/de active
- 1988-03-21 WO PCT/CH1988/000062 patent/WO1988007403A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1988-03-21 AU AU14228/88A patent/AU607985B2/en not_active Expired
- 1988-03-21 CA CA000561981A patent/CA1293520C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-21 JP JP63502384A patent/JPH0675660B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-21 BR BR888806991A patent/BR8806991A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1988-03-21 EP EP88902377A patent/EP0305455B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-21 DE DE8888902377T patent/DE3874054D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-23 CN CN88101382A patent/CN1028510C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-05-24 ZA ZA883684A patent/ZA883684B/xx unknown
- 1988-11-22 DK DK649688A patent/DK649688A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN1052467C (zh) * | 1994-04-04 | 2000-05-17 | 唐山市硅质耐火材料厂 | 硅石-碳化硅砖 |
CN1901989B (zh) * | 2003-12-31 | 2011-04-13 | 康宁股份有限公司 | 具有疏水涂层的陶瓷结构 |
CN100343491C (zh) * | 2004-06-02 | 2007-10-17 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | 一种汽车尾气电直热三效净化的装置 |
CN112851396A (zh) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-05-28 | 哈尔滨化兴软控科技有限公司 | 一种多孔碳化硅陶瓷片及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0305455A1 (de) | 1989-03-08 |
ATE79783T1 (de) | 1992-09-15 |
DK649688D0 (da) | 1988-11-22 |
DK649688A (da) | 1988-11-22 |
NO885215D0 (no) | 1988-11-23 |
NO172966C (no) | 1993-10-06 |
AU1422888A (en) | 1988-11-02 |
CA1293520C (en) | 1991-12-24 |
AR240787A2 (es) | 1991-02-28 |
BR8806991A (pt) | 1989-10-31 |
CN1028510C (zh) | 1995-05-24 |
JPH01500887A (ja) | 1989-03-30 |
ZA883684B (en) | 1989-02-22 |
AU607985B2 (en) | 1991-03-21 |
NO172966B (no) | 1993-06-28 |
NO885215L (no) | 1988-11-23 |
EP0305455B1 (de) | 1992-08-26 |
DE3874054D1 (de) | 1992-10-01 |
AR240787A1 (es) | 1991-02-28 |
WO1988007403A1 (en) | 1988-10-06 |
IN170871B (zh) | 1992-06-06 |
ES2009556A6 (es) | 1989-10-01 |
JPH0675660B2 (ja) | 1994-09-28 |
US4885263A (en) | 1989-12-05 |
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