CN87105607A - 经氮洗涤净化气流的方法 - Google Patents

经氮洗涤净化气流的方法 Download PDF

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CN87105607A
CN87105607A CN87105607.0A CN87105607A CN87105607A CN 87105607 A CN87105607 A CN 87105607A CN 87105607 A CN87105607 A CN 87105607A CN 87105607 A CN87105607 A CN 87105607A
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海因茨·鲍尔
汉斯·贝克尔
瓦尔特·朔尔茨
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Abstract

本发明提出一种高压下经氮洗涤净化气流的方法。将待净化的气流和氮冷却到低温，然后气流用液氮洗涤，经净化的气流与进一步冷却的处于高压下的氮混合形成混合物，其中氮部分呈液状混合。此时形成的混合物最终再加热，以蒸发其中所含的液氮。待冷却氮气流本身或者氮气流的部分气流或者其他过程中的气流在作为氮洗涤的工作压力的低压下至少部分地被冷凝，然后泵到高压。

Description

本发明涉及一种在高压下经氮洗涤以净化气流的方法，本方法将气流和氮冷却到低温，然后使气流用液氮洗涤，经净化的气体，在用待冷却的气流和待冷却的氮进行热交换再加热之前，和进一步冷却的高压氮混合形成混合物，其中部分氮呈液状。
特别是生产氨合成气时进行用氮洗涤，此时在粗氢气流中仍含有少量诸如在氨合成中起干扰作用，或者以不希望有的无用物出现的一氧化碳、甲烷、氩和其他组分，将粗氢气流用液氮洗涤。以产生经净化的氢气流，其基本上仍只载有部分洗涤氮。因为洗涤时氢所接受的氮量不够，为了把氮与氢调节到氨合成所必需的化学计算的比例，按公知的方法，把自洗涤塔排出的冷气流与进一步的冷氮混合，然后重新加热所说的混合物（DE-PS1963297）。
在这种方法中，氢和氮以常规方式在基本相同的压力下被冷却，例如在10-150巴的压力下，特别是在20-80巴的压力下。氮在冷却时被冷凝或者视压力水平被超临界地冷却。当它供入洗涤塔时或者当与经净化的气体混合时，则又形成一种在任何情况中均为低于临界点的混合物，呈液态富氮相。
公知方法的不足之处在于在该方法的冷端区，那就是说在经氮洗涤后串联进入的热交换器的最冷部分出现大的温差，由此限制了混合气中所含的液态氮部分在其相当低的分压力下和相应于此在很低温下蒸发。
当处于较高压（分压力）的待冷却的氮在较高的温度下冷凝及被超临界地冷却时，这可由图1中Q-T曲线定性地看出。在氮冷却曲线中，在冷凝温度下出现尖锐的转折点，而在氮的超临界的状态下转折点接近平坦，只要不转向很高的压力，此时并不会在定性上起决定性的变化。相反，混合物中的氮的蒸发和在滑动的温度下加热和按此在加热曲线较平坦的部分发生，因而在加热和冷却曲线之间的温度必然出现大的差距。热交换器的冷端区存在的温差局部达20℃以上，因而能量损耗大。
本发明的目的旨在对本文开头的已有技术的方法进行改进，以致使热交换器的冷端区的温差减小，从而使那里发生的有用能量损耗降低。
本发明的目的是这样实现的：混合物中所含的液氮通过与待冷却气流和待冷却的氮的热交换而得到蒸发，此时待冷却氮气流本身或者氮气流中的部分气流或者其他过程气流在比氮洗涤的工作压力低的压力下至少部分冷凝，随后泵到较高压力。
为此，本发明对常规工艺方法提出补充，将混合物中所包含的蒸发热，通过降低压力到混合物中液氮的分压力，用于冷凝低压过程气流，此时首先在于选择适合的低压气流有很大的自由。通过本发明的方法，使热交换器的冷端区的温差达到尽可能的小是可能的，在这儿有用能量节约了，此外这种能量再可加以利用，以减少总设备的能量需求量或者容许热交换器的热端有较大的温差。最后，有可能性导致十分小的热交换器。当然，为了达到经济上的最佳状态，可以仅仅部分地利用两者相互相对地运行的可能性。
本发明的第一种优选的实施例中，附加的冷凝步骤可采用低压氮。此外，使氮气流在低压下冷却和冷凝，然后借助于泵达到为氮洗涤所接近的氮的压力并且在其冷却之后与该氮混合。这种方法实施的优点在于由此可减少接近高压下的氮气流，从而降低为冷凝高压氮所需的能量。并且可以动能学上许多有利于实现冷凝低压氮的输送，如借助达到高压氮的泵，代替昂贵的气体冷凝。
本发明的另一种优选的实施例中，由高压氮中部分气流进行分流，并在工作线路上降低到低压，然后按本发明冷凝。这样分流出部分的液氮同样也可再借助于达到高压氮的压力的泵输送此时产生的液氮并且在氮洗涤之前与其混合。当本方法实施时，首先必须冷凝处于高压的全部氮气流，但是当分流的部分气流在工作线路上降低压力时会产生附加的能量和冷量。
本发明的第三种优选的实施例中，根本不需冷凝包括氮洗涤的高过程压力的氮气流。对本实施例来说，首先在工作线路上使在低的中间压下提供使用的氮气流以降低压力，然后按本发明冷凝，其后将此时产生的液氮泵到要求的高压。
本发明的又一种优选的实施例中，本发明的低压过程气流的冷凝系在循环接通下产生，在循环系统中工作介质在高压下蒸发，其后在工作线路上降低压力，然后在低压下冷凝，最后再泵到高压。此时，氮或者在氮洗涤时洗涤塔的槽中产生的剩余气体作为工作介质特别合适。工作介质不仅可以处于闭合的循环中，而且可以处于敞开的循环中。若工作介质处于敞开的循环中，则氮洗涤的剩余气体作为工作介质特别合适。在洗涤槽中产生的剩余气体此时首先在压力下以有利的方式被蒸发，其后在工作线路上降低压力并且部分冷凝。之后，此时所形成的液相要再借助于泵泵到剩余气体压力并在敞开的循环中运行。还必须从循环中提取相应于精制剩余气体输入的数量，以有利的方式连接到工作线路上降压来实现。在该实施方法中，在高压下蒸发循环介质之后，使循环介质与剩余气体混合仍是有利的。
以下，将结合附图中所叙的实施例对本发明作更详细的说明。
附图说明：
图1为具有气流（原料气）和高压氮的冷却曲线以及自氮洗涤塔排出的混合物和剩余气体（按照技术发展的水平）的加热曲线的QT总图;
图2为本发明方法的第一种实施形式;
图3为本发明方法的另一种实施形式;
图4为本发明方法的又一种实施形式;
图5为具有闭合循环的本发明方法的另一种实施形式;
图6为具有敞开循环的发明的又一种实施形式。
在图2所示的本发明的实施例中，待净化的原料气经管道1输送，首先在热交换器2，之后在热交换器3冷却到低温，然后输入到氮洗涤塔4的底部。此外，由管道5平行地将压力几乎与管道1中原料气相同的高压氮输入，在热交换器2和3中冷却之后，经管道6输送到氮洗涤塔4的顶部，在此一部分高压氮作为洗液加入。在很多情况下，当以原料气供入氮洗涤塔4中时和超临界氮会形成低临界混合物，此时形成富氮液相。该洗液与向上的混合气以相对的流向流经洗涤塔并洗涤混合气中干扰组分，例如一氧化碳、甲烷、氩或者其他来自氢气流中的杂质。经净化的混合气由氮洗涤塔4的顶部的管道7排出并与经管道6输出的冷却高压氮的另一部分气流混合，例如在氢净化后制备氨的合成气下，要把氢和氮的比例调节到氨合成所需的化学计算的比例。在混合时，经管道6输出的氮同样也与塔的上部产物形成低临界混合物，由此再形成基本含氮的洗液。两相混合气以与待冷气流反向进入热交换器3和2被加热，此时处于热交换器3的底部，也即过程的冷端区内的液体部分被蒸发。经加热的混合气最后经管道8作产品气流排出。
在氮洗涤塔4的槽内产生带有经洗涤的组分的洗涤氮，经管道9排出，在热交换器3中被加热蒸发以及在热交换器2再加热之后，最后作为剩余气体经管道10排出。
对图2中所示的实施形式的上述部分，它与常规的氮洗涤相符，本发明还补充输送经管道11输入的低压氮气流并在热交换器2和3中冷却或者冷凝。冷凝物被收集在容器12中并经泵13把压力提高到管道5中高压氮气流的压力。紧接着它经管道15的管道14供入至冷的高压氮气流中，以便与高压氮气流共同经氮洗涤的管道6输送。
本发明的图3中所示的实施形式与图2所示的区别在于提供没有分开的低压氮气流，而是由管道5中的高压氮气流在热交换器2中预冷却之后分流出部分气流16并在减压透平17中以工作线路上降压。此时产生的冷低压气体经管道18输送到热交换器3的冷部分和在其中冷凝。此时形成的冷凝液再如按图2实施形式那样进一步处理。
在本发明图4所示的实施形式中，中压氮气流经管道19输送，在热交换器2中冷却之后全部在减压透平20中减压。此时产生的冷低压气体再在热交换器3冷凝，经容器21输到22中并经管道23向氮洗涤4输送之前把压力泵到氮洗涤的压力。
在按图5的实施形式中，系在热交换器3冷端进行闭合循环，在该循环中在管道24中处于压力下的工作介质在热交换器3中蒸发，之后经管道25输送到膨胀透平26并在其中于工作路线上减压。然后，经减压的低压工作介质在热交换器3的冷端部分冷凝，经容器27通过泵28再达到高压，经管道24重新进行循环。
本发明图6所示的实施形式与图5所示的区别在于形成敞开式循环，把自氮洗涤塔4经管道9排出的剩余气体作为工作介质。经管道9排出的剩余气体此时首先在热交换器3中蒸发，然后经29进入循环。在由循环气体和剩余气体组成的混合气在工作路线上减压之后，过剩部分经管道30分流并且与在热交换器3中冷凝时未呈液状的气体和从容器27中分出来的经管道31排出的组分混合。混合气经管道32排出，在热交换器2和3中加热，最后经管道33以剩余气体形式排出。

Claims (10)

1、一种在高压下经氮洗涤净化气流的方法，本方法将气流和氮冷却到低温，然后将气流经液氮洗涤，经净化的气流，在通过与待冷却的气流和待冷却的氮进行热交换再加热之前，与进一步冷却的且处于高压下的氮混合，形成混合物，其中氮部分呈液状，其特征在于混合物中所含的液氮通过与待冷却的气流和待冷却的氮的热交换而得到蒸发，此时或者是待冷却的氮气流本身或者氮气流的部分气流或者比在氮洗涤的工作压力低的压力下的其他过程的气流至少部分被冷凝，随后泵到较高压力。
2、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于把处于比氮洗涤的工作压力低的压力的氮气流在其冷凝之后用泵泵到用氮洗涤时的工作压力并且与第二种处于氮洗涤的工作压力的氮气流混合或者就这样被应用。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于通过处于N2洗涤的工作压力的N气流的部分气流在工作线路上减压以形成处于比N2洗涤的工作压力低的压力的氮气流。
4、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于在处于氮洗涤的压力下的压力时输送氮并首先部分地被冷却，之后在工作线路上减压，通过进一步与混合气热交换冷凝，然后泵到氮洗涤的压力。
5、根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于循环中的工作介质在高压下蒸发，在工作线路上减压，在减压下冷凝以及再泵到高压，此时在与待加热或者待冷却的过程气流发生热交换使在热交换器中的工作介质蒸发和冷凝。
6、根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于循环被闭合并把含有的氮或者氮洗涤的槽中以剩余气体出现的混合物作为工作介质。
7、根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于自氮洗涤中来的剩余气体用作敞开循环中的工作介质。
8、根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于使氮洗涤的剩余气体蒸发，之后在工作线路上减压，部分冷凝并且将此时形成的液相用泵泵到剩余气体压力，再与剩余气体混合。
9、根据权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于液相在混合之前被蒸发。
10、根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其特征在于多余的剩余气体在工作线路上减压之后自循环中排出。
CN87105607A 1986-08-13 1987-08-12 经氮洗涤净化气流的方法 Expired CN1016894B (zh)

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CN106642990A (zh) * 2017-03-13 2017-05-10 中国石油集团工程设计有限责任公司 一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置及方法
CN111306892A (zh) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-19 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于纯化富含氢的气体的方法和设备

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CN103641069B (zh) * 2013-11-25 2015-07-01 张周卫 低温污氮用闪蒸气液分离器
CN106642990A (zh) * 2017-03-13 2017-05-10 中国石油集团工程设计有限责任公司 一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置及方法
CN106642990B (zh) * 2017-03-13 2023-03-28 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置及方法
CN111306892A (zh) * 2018-12-11 2020-06-19 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于纯化富含氢的气体的方法和设备
CN111306892B (zh) * 2018-12-11 2023-05-02 乔治洛德方法研究和开发液化空气有限公司 用于纯化富含氢的气体的方法和设备

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CN1016894B (zh) 1992-06-03
IN170063B (zh) 1992-02-01

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