CN106642990B - 一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置及方法 - Google Patents

一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置及方法 Download PDF

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CN106642990B
CN106642990B CN201710144432.3A CN201710144432A CN106642990B CN 106642990 B CN106642990 B CN 106642990B CN 201710144432 A CN201710144432 A CN 201710144432A CN 106642990 B CN106642990 B CN 106642990B
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CN106642990A (zh
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蒲黎明
周璇
李龙
李莹珂
王长锋
王科
龙海洋
陈运强
王毅
田静
陆永康
谢顶杉
张雷果
尹奎
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China National Petroleum Corp
China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corp
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置及方法,回收装置包括主换热器、氦气提浓塔和冷媒注入设施,所述主换热器的含氦天然气出口与氦气提浓塔的中部进口连接;氦气提浓塔的顶部氦气产品出口与主换热器的上部氦气产品进口连接;氦气提浓塔的底部甲烷气出口与主换热器的中部甲烷气进口连接;冷媒注入设施与氦气提浓塔塔顶的烃类洗涤液入口连接。本发明针对含氦天然气中烃类和氮气含量小于20mol%的气质条件,本发明可直接利用新注入冷媒的冷量回收氦气,而不需要额外的外部制冷设施,具有投资低和能耗低等优点,使装置具有很高的氦气回收率(天然气中的氦气收率高达99.9%,烃类的脱除率高达99.9%)。

Description

一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置及方法
技术领域
本发明涉及在天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收工艺装置及方法,特别适用含氦天然气中烃类和氮气含量小于20mol%的气质条件,达到氦气分离和提纯的目的。
背景技术
作为所有元素中最不活泼的元素——氦,是一种稀有气体,通常情况下为无色、无味的气体,是唯一不能在标准大气压下固化的物质。氦气的稳定性决定了它的重要用途,氦的应用主要是卫星飞船发射、导弹武器工业、低温超导研究等。
在地球的大气层中,氦的浓度十分低。氦气的制备主要是天然气提取,氦工业主要集中在美国、俄罗斯等氦气资源丰富、氦含量高的极少数国家。中国氦气资源匮乏,开发成本高。市场上氦气供应主要来源于进口,且价格昂贵。
现有的低温提氦方法需要外部制冷循环,且不能适应原料气中氢气含量较大范围内波动。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术的缺点,本发明提供了一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置及方法,具有原料气适应范围广、氦气回收率高、能耗低和投资省的优点。
本发明所采用的技术方案是:一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置,包括主换热器、氦气提浓塔和冷媒注入设施,所述主换热器的含氦天然气出口与氦气提浓塔的中部进口连接;氦气提浓塔的顶部氦气产品出口与主换热器的氦气产品进口连接;氦气提浓塔的底部甲烷气出口与主换热器的甲烷气进口连接;冷媒注入设施与氦气提浓塔塔顶的烃类洗涤液入口连接。
本发明还提供了一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收方法,将含氦天然气分成两股,一股进入主换热器被冷凝,另一股进入氦气提浓塔底蒸发器换热,为氦气提浓塔提供热量后被冷凝,然后两股汇合后直接进入氦气提浓塔进行氦气天然气精馏分离,分离后的氦气从提浓塔顶部返输至主换热器中回收冷量后,输送至下一级处理工序;从提浓塔底部出来的天然气经节流后返输至主换热器中回收冷量后,作为燃料气外输。
与现有技术相比,本发明的积极效果是:针对含氦天然气中烃类和氮气含量小于20mol%的气质条件,本发明可直接利用新注入冷媒的冷量回收氦气,而不需要额外的外部制冷设施,具有投资低和能耗低等优点,使装置具有很高的氦气回收率(天然气中的氦气收率高达99.9%,烃类的脱除率高达99.9%)。
附图说明
本发明将通过例子并参照附图的方式说明,其中:
图1是本回收装置的工艺原理流程图。
具体实施方式
一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置,如图1所示,包括:主换热器1、氦气提浓塔2、氦气提浓塔塔底蒸发器3、冷媒注入设施4等,其中:
所述主换热器1为氦气回收的热量交换场所,主换热器1的含氦天然气出口与氦气提浓塔2的中部进口连接;氦气提浓塔2的顶部氦气产品出口与主换热器1的氦气产品进口连接;氦气提浓塔2的底部甲烷气出口与主换热器1的甲烷气进口连接;氦气提浓塔2分别与氦气提浓塔塔底蒸发器3和冷媒注入设施4连接。
干燥的含氦天然气分为两股,一股与主换热器1相连,经过主换热器预冷后直接进入氦气提浓塔2,另一股与氦气提浓塔塔底蒸发器3相连,为氦气提浓塔塔底蒸发器提供热量后与另一股预冷的粗氦原料汇合后直接进入氦气提浓塔2;外加冷媒通过冷媒注入设施4直接输送至氦气提浓塔顶作为塔顶烃类洗涤液,以达到洗涤脱除烃类的目的;氦气提浓塔顶得到的氦气产品和塔底的甲烷气分别与主换热器相连。氦气提浓塔2底部设有氦气提浓塔塔底蒸发器3为其提供热量。所述部分含氦天然气与氦气提浓塔底蒸发器相连,为氦气提浓塔提供热量,也可以将粗氦天然气部分冷凝;剩余部分粗氦天然气与主换热器相连,将粗氦天然气部分冷凝。
在氦气提浓塔塔底蒸发器3的含氦天然气入口处设置控制阀,通过氦气提浓塔2底部温度给该控制阀信号,调节其开度以改变进入氦气提浓塔塔底蒸发器的含氦天然气流量。在所述主换热器1的甲烷气进口入设置节流调节阀。
本发明还提供了一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收方法,包括如下步骤:
2.7~3.7MPa.g,40℃的含氦天然气(CH4:16mol%,N2:4mol%,He:44mol%,H2:36mol%)一部分(大约为45%~70%)经过主换热器部分冷凝至160~-180℃左右,剩余部分粗氦天然气与氦气提浓塔底蒸发器换热,为氦气提浓塔底提供热量,被部分冷凝后至-140~-145℃,与经过主换热器冷凝的粗氦天然气汇合后直接进入氦气提浓塔进行氦气天然气精馏分离。采用液氮作为冷媒,通过冷媒注入设施中的冷媒注入泵将液氮直接输送至氦气提浓塔塔顶,控制冷媒的注入量来匹配系统所缺的冷量,并且作为氦气提浓塔顶的洗涤液将氦气提浓塔顶的甲烷气等烃类冷凝洗涤,达到将氦气烃类分离的目的。
氦气提浓塔顶部得到的2.5~3.5MPa.g,-190℃~-192℃的氦气产品(氦气收率高达99.9%,烃类的脱除率高达99.9%),返输至主换热器换热中回收冷量后,输送至下一级处理工序。
氦气提浓塔底部得到的2.55~3.55MPa.g,-127~140℃天然气产品,节流至-150℃~-169℃后返输至主换热器换热中回收冷量,提供冷量后的天然气输送至工厂燃料气系统作为工厂燃料气,或者增压后外输。
本发明的原理是:含氦天然气的部分冷凝、氦气提浓塔顶的氦气产品和塔底的天然气的冷量回收均在主换热器1中实现。通过冷剂注入设施中的冷剂注入泵控制冷媒的注入量,来匹配整个精馏过程所需的冷量和氦气提浓塔上的液相回流流量,从而体现出该方法在操作上的灵活性,对原料气的组分变化和气量波动都具有很强的适应性,在整个提氦过程中不需要额外设置外部制冷单元,由于外部制冷单元包括冷剂压缩机,冷凝器、冷剂缓冲罐等,而冷剂注入设施仅需要冷剂储存罐和冷剂注入泵,一次投资较外部制冷单元更省,并且冷剂注入泵的电机功率也远小于外部制冷单元中的冷剂压缩机电机功率,因此能耗也比外部制冷单元小。该方法具有投资省,能耗低,氦气收率高、对工况变化适应性强等特征。

Claims (7)

1.一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置,其特征在于:包括主换热器、氦气提浓塔和冷媒注入设施,所述主换热器的含氦天然气出口与氦气提浓塔的中部进口连接;氦气提浓塔的顶部氦气产品出口与主换热器的氦气产品进口连接;氦气提浓塔的底部甲烷气出口与主换热器的甲烷气进口连接;冷媒注入设施与氦气提浓塔塔顶的烃类洗涤液入口连接;所述氦气提浓塔与氦气提浓塔塔底蒸发器连接;在所述主换热器的中部甲烷气进口入设置节流调节阀。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置,其特征在于:所述氦气提浓塔塔底蒸发器的含氦天然气出口与主换热器的含氦天然气出口汇入氦气提浓塔的中部进口。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收装置,其特征在于:在所述氦气提浓塔塔底蒸发器的含氦天然气入口处设置控制阀。
4.一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收方法,其特征在于:将含氦天然气分成两股,一股进入主换热器被冷凝,另一股进入氦气提浓塔底蒸发器换热,为氦气提浓塔提供热量后被冷凝,然后两股汇合后直接进入氦气提浓塔进行氦气天然气精馏分离,分离后的氦气从提浓塔顶部返输至主换热器中回收冷量后,输送至下一级处理工序;从提浓塔底部出来的天然气经节流后返输至主换热器中回收冷量后,作为燃料气外输;所述氦气天然气精馏分离采用液氮作为冷媒,通过冷媒注入设施中的冷媒注入泵将液氮直接输送至氦气提浓塔塔顶,通过控制冷媒的注入量来匹配系统所缺的冷量,利用液氮作为氦气提浓塔顶的洗涤液将氦气提浓塔顶的甲烷气等烃类冷凝洗涤,从而将氦气和烃类进行分离。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收方法,其特征在于:进入主换热器的含氦天然气的比例为45%~70%,在主换热器中被冷凝至-180℃~-160℃;进入氦气提浓塔底蒸发器的含氦天然气被冷凝至-145℃~-140℃。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收方法,其特征在于:从提浓塔底部出来的天然气为2.55~3.55MPa.g,-140℃~-127℃被节流至-169℃~-150℃后返输至主换热器中回收冷量。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种天然气中洗涤烃类提取氦气的回收方法,其特征在于:从提浓塔顶部分离出的氦气为2.5~3.5MPa.g,-192℃~-190℃。
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