GB2189587A - Separating gases into their components by means of a rectifying column - Google Patents

Separating gases into their components by means of a rectifying column Download PDF

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Publication number
GB2189587A
GB2189587A GB08707253A GB8707253A GB2189587A GB 2189587 A GB2189587 A GB 2189587A GB 08707253 A GB08707253 A GB 08707253A GB 8707253 A GB8707253 A GB 8707253A GB 2189587 A GB2189587 A GB 2189587A
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United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
column
columns
pressure
rectifying
heat exchanger
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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GB08707253A
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GB8707253D0 (en
Inventor
Karl Faltejsek
Christian Buttinger
Rainer Wawrina
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Voestalpine AG
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Voestalpine AG
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Publication of GB8707253D0 publication Critical patent/GB8707253D0/en
Publication of GB2189587A publication Critical patent/GB2189587A/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04963—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipment within or downstream of the fractionation unit(s)
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D3/00—Distillation or related exchange processes in which liquids are contacted with gaseous media, e.g. stripping
    • B01D3/14—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column
    • B01D3/143—Fractional distillation or use of a fractionation or rectification column by two or more of a fractionation, separation or rectification step
    • B01D3/146—Multiple effect distillation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/0429—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of feed air, e.g. used as waste or product air or expanded into an auxiliary column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04284—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04309—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using internal refrigeration by open-loop gas work expansion, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of nitrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
    • F25J3/04478—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for controlling purposes, e.g. start-up or back-up procedures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04769—Operation, control and regulation of the process; Instrumentation within the process
    • F25J3/04812—Different modes, i.e. "runs" of operation
    • F25J3/04836—Variable air feed, i.e. "load" or product demand during specified periods, e.g. during periods with high respectively low power costs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04872—Vertical layout of cold equipments within in the cold box, e.g. columns, heat exchangers etc.
    • F25J3/04884—Arrangement of reboiler-condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04896—Details of columns, e.g. internals, inlet/outlet devices
    • F25J3/04933—Partitioning walls or sheets
    • F25J3/04939—Vertical, e.g. dividing wall columns
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04957—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipments upstream of the fractionation unit (s), i.e. at the "front-end"
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
    • F25J2215/40—Air or oxygen enriched air, i.e. generally less than 30mol% of O2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/24—Multiple compressors or compressor stages in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/40—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2245/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams
    • F25J2245/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for recycling of process streams the recycled stream being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2250/00—Details related to the use of reboiler-condensers
    • F25J2250/20—Boiler-condenser with multiple exchanger cores in parallel or with multiple re-boiling or condensing streams
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/12—Particular process parameters like pressure, temperature, ratios
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank

Description

GB2189587A 1 SPECIFICATION nominal load is enclosed results in an energet
ically considerable advantage, because the in Apparatus for separating gases into their ner column then contributes via its outer wall components means of rectifying columns for cooling the main column and thus for being coaxially arranged one within the 70 keeping ready for use the outer column. Start other up time for attaining full load is, in this man ner, substantially reduced, because the outer The invention refers to an apparatus for separ- column is already maintained at comparatively ating gases, in particular air, into their compo- low temperatures. Simultaneously, the outer nents by means of rectifying columns being 75 column provides an effective insulation of the coaxially arranged one within the other, said inner column in those cases, in which only is apparatus comprising at least one compressor operated the inner column. In this case, the and a rectifying column. The gas supplied to arrangement is advantageously selected such such rectifying columns with interposition of a that each column is subdivided by partitions compressor and of heat exchangers may, for 80 into a pressure column and a pressureless col the purpose of achieving an at least partial umn. The expansion from a pressure column separation, be passed via molecular sieves into a pressureless column may result in fur and it is known that the main process product ther cooling which gives rise to the condensa produced by means of such rectifying columns tion of liquid oxygen, which can be removed is liquid oxygen. If such rectifying columns are 85 as a process product. Nitrogen can be re operated together with great consumers it is moved from the pressure columns under pro desired to control the production process such cess pressure and from the head of the pres that only that amount of oxygen is produced sureless column and can be utilized for cooling which is instantaneously required. Intermediate heat exchangers arranged upstream in series.
storage requires expensive insulated contain- 90 A particularly simple construction results if ers, and an apparatus for separating gases the arrangement is selected such, that the into their components and being suitable for pressure columns have a common sump and being adaptable within short to the demand in separate head condensers. In this case and product for the production process would re- when operating only the first column, the pro- sult in a considerable energy saving. It is charcedure can advantageously be such that the acteristic for known rectifying columns that head products of the pressure column of the they are only designed for a definite through- first column are supplied to a further conden put or load, respectively, and that operation at ser, in particular to the head condenser of the a lower load than nominal load becomes enerpressure column of the outer column or col getically ineconomic. 100 umns. In such an arrangement one can do In DE-OS 21 49 155 there is described a with one single discharge pump for discharg rectifying column consisting of a column man- ing the liquid oxygen. In this case, the indivi tle and of a concentric core tube, between dual columns can be shut down by means of which are located annular rectifying bottoms suitable shutoff devices, so that the just exist of circular shape. 105 ing demand can be taken into consideration.
The invention now aims at providing an The head condensers, which are at least sepa apparatus of the initially mentioned type, by rated one from the other at the nitrogen side, means of which the nominal load as well as of the pressure columns of the individual col the peak load can be met in an economic umns allow, in this case, an unobjectionable manner. For solving this task, the invention 110 and independent operation of each column and consists essentially in that at least two rectify- thus a good adaptation to the just existing ing colomns are connected one with the demand.
other, noting that a first rectifying column is, For the purpose of improving the thermal over at least part of its outer wall, enclosed insulation of an inner column and of accellerat by an outer column and in that the first col- 115 ing start of operation of the outer columns, umn can be operated independent of the outer the arrangement is advantageously selected column or columns. Because there are pro- such that the inner column is totally jacketed vided in total at least two rectifying columns, by an outer column.
one of this both columns can be designed in For the purpose of taking in consideration correspondence to the nominal load, for 120 different throughputs in a particularly favour example in correspondence to approximately able manner, the plant layout is advantage percent of the air throughput, noting that ously selected such,that the inner column has the main column at least partially enclosing a smaller throughput volume than the outer the rectifying column designed in correspon- column or columns and is in particular de- dence to the nominal load can then be, if 125 signed for less than 30 percent of the required, additionally operated for producing throughput volume of the outer column or col the amount of product corresponding to peak umns. In this case, the individual columns can load. By arranging the main column in such a advantageously be coaxially arranged one manner that at least part of the first rectifying within the other, noting that each individual column designed in correspondence to the 130 column can be subdivided into the pressure 2 GB2189587A 2 column and the pressureless column, respec- In the following, the invention is still further tively, by means of partitions intersecting the explained with reference to an example of em axis. bodiment schematically shown in the drawing.
On account of the particularly advantageous In the drawing, there are omitted for better arrangement, according to which the pressure 70 clarity the usually provided adsorber circuits columns have a common sump and separate for purifying the liquids from hydrocarbons as head condensers, individual columns or all col- well as the heat exchangers between head umns can be put into operation in a particu- products and rising liquids and the tempera larly rapid manner. For the purpose of reduc- ture control upstream the expansion turbines.
ing the energy consumption when operating 75 An air compressor 1 is supplying into the only some of the columns and thus in case of common sump 3 of the two columns coaxially partial load operation, there is provided a arranged one within the other via a main heat number of compressors corresponding to the exchanger 2 and via a prepurification stage, number of columns. Each of these compres- not shown, operated with a mulecular sieve.
sors is, in this case, adapted with respect to 80 A partial stream of the compressed air is its drive means to the required amount of passed through a super-critical oxygen evapo throughput, so that the compressors need not rator 4 and is controlled by means of a valve be operated in an unfavourable range of 5 such, that the exit temperature of the oxy power consumption also in case of partial gen flowing out of the oxygen evaporator is load operation. A further improvement of the 85 just below the entry temperature of the air.
energy balance results if the condensers for A first, smaller column designed for the cooling the column heads are arranged as nominal load is composed of a condenser 6, sump boilers for the associated pressureless of a pressure column 7 and of a pressureless column. column 8. The condenser 6 located between For the purpose of providing the possibility 90 the pressure column 7 and the pressureless to utilize the gas component, in particular the column 8 liquifies nitrogen, which is partially pressurized nitrogen or, respectively, the pres- used as a wash liquid in the pressure column sureless nitrogen, not required as a process 7 or is supplied, respectively, via a conduit 9 product for further objects intended for imas a wash liquid into the pressureless column proving the energy balance, the arrangement 95 8. The condenser 6 heats with its heat of is advantageously such that the head products condensation to boiling the sump of the pres of the pressureless columns of the columns sureless column 8. Remaining residual liquid can separately be discharged. By means of oxygen is passed into the main condenser 12 such an arrangement it is in a particularly sim- via a product conduit 10. Liquid from the ple manner possible to select the procedure 100 sump 3 (liquified air) flows as a preliminary such, that at least a partial amount of the product into the pressureless column 8 via the pressurized gas extracted from the pressure conduit 11.
column or columns is supplied to a compres- A second, outer column designed for the sor via a heat exchanger and is, after again peak load is composed of a condenser 12, of being cooled within this heat exchanger, sup- 105 a pressure column 13 and of a pressureless plied to an expansion turbine coupled to the column 14 and functions in the same manner compressor as a driving engine and is, in the as the column designed for the nominal load.
expanded condition and in a condition located Nitrogen serving as a wash liquid arrives at just above the condensation level, again the head of the pressureless column 14 via a passed through the heat exchanger. In this 110 conduit 15 and liquidfied air coming from the case, the utilization of energy can still further common sump 3 of said both columns arrives be increased by means of the expansion tur- at the head of the pressureless column 14 via bine being coupled to the compressor as a a conduit 16.
driving engine. A high pressure pump 17 is sucking from For the purpose of facilitating and accelerat- 115 the main condenser 12 and is pressing super ing start-up of a shut-down outer column, the critical liquid into the evaporator 4. The thus arrangement is advantageously selected such generated pressurized gas is temporarily that any condensate formed in case of a shut- stored within a high pressure storage recepta down outer column can be supplied to an in- cle 18 and is expanded down to the pressure termediate storage receptacle, which can be 120 of the consumer network 20 in a pressure emptied into the common sump of the presreducing stage 19. A pressure control means sure columns of the columns when putting in 21 maintains the super- critical pressure, for operation the respective outer column or col- example 160 bar within the evyporator 4 inde umns. pendent of the storage conditions prevailing The essential advantage of such an arrange- 125 within the high pressure storage receptacle ment resides, in this case, above all in that 18.
the just shut-down columns are kept cold by For the purpose of compensating cold heat exchange with the still operated columns, losses resulting from heat radiation and from so that on account of this feature start-up to temperature spreading in the heat exchangers the amount of full load is accelerated. 130 2 and 4, pressurized nitrogen gas coming 3 GB2189587A 3 from the head of the main pressure column umn 13 is stopped, the amount of nitrogen 13 is heated to ambient temperature within coming from the pressure column 7 alone the main heat exchanger 2, is still more com- would be too low for the expansion power pressed within a secondary compressor 22 required by the turbine 23. For this reason, a and is again cooled down to the entry tem- 70 valve 32 interconnected into the conduit be perature of the turbine 23 within the main tween the main condenser 12 and the turbine heat exchanger 2, so that behind this turbine 23 is closed and, in place thereof, air coming a temperature is attained which lies just above from the compressor 26 is, after having been the volatilization temperature of pressureless compressed within the compressor 22, exnitrogen. Subsequently, the nitrogen gas is 75 panded in a cold-producing manner within the again heated up to ambient temperature within turbine 23, and this via a valve 33. Supply of the heat exchanger 2 and is discharged as a pressurized nitrogen from the pressure column side product via an exhaust conduit 24. The 7 is prevented by a check valve 34.
turbine 23 propells the compressor 22 and In this circuit arrangement, the column de has a nozzle adjusting means 25. If pure pres- 80 signed for nominal load can be operated over surized nitrogen is used as the product, said an arbitrarily long time interval. Because the turbine circuit can, for example, also be oper- high pressure pump 17 can not be adapted to ated with air from the pressure column 13. the low amount of liquid oxygen produced The head products, impure nitrogen, of the within the condenser 6 by adjusting the num- p ressureless columns 8 and 14 are separately 85 ber of revolutions or the stroke, the amount discharged via the main heat exchanger 2. of liquid conveyed in excess is recirculated via In those cases in which only a minor a valve 35.
amount of gas shall be separated into its By heat exchange through the outer wall of components, only the column designed for the the column designed for nominal load, the nominal load is operated while the main col- 90 temperature profile of the column designed for umn is shut down. The shut-down main col- nominal load is approximately transmitted to umn is, in this case, kept cold by heat ex- the main column, thereby collecting subse change with the still operating column for quently condensing liquid within the sumps of nominal load, thus making possible a rapid the columns.
start-up of the main column. 95 If the throughput of the plant shall again be If only the column 7, 8 for nominal load is increased, the main column can again be operated, a smaller compressor 26 supplies started up, noting that the favourable operat air into the common sump 3 via the main heat ing temperature maintained by heat exchange exchanger 2 and the oxygen evaporator 4. between the columns makes possible a very For the purpose of putting out of operation 100 short start-up time.
the main column, there is closed a valve 27 When again starting-up the main column, supplying pressurized nitrogen from the head the liquid rich in nitrogen and resting on the of the pressure column 13 to the main conretaining bottom of the pressureless column denser 12, a valve 28 supplying liquid oxygen 14 is discharged via a valve 36 into an interfrom the bottom of the pressureless column 105 mediate storage receptacle 37 and subse 14 to the main condenser 12 and a valve 29 quently the valve 36 is again closed by means interconnected into the connection of the gaof a timing relay.
seous phases between the main condenser 12 In the next step, the air compressor 1 is and the pressurized column 14. For the pur- again started up and the valve 27 is opened, pose of interrupting further supply of wash 110 so that gas more enriched in nitrogen may nitrogen from the pressure column 13 and of condense at the head of the pressure column liquified air from the sump 3 into the pressu- in heat exchange with liquid oxygen within the reless column 14, there is closed a valve 30 main condenser 12 and the resulting wash in the conduit 15 and a valve 31 in the con- liquid flows into the column 13. Approxi- duit 16. 115 mately simultaneously, also the liquid rich in In consequence, there become emptied nitrogen and stored within the intermediate both, the bottoms of the pressure column 13 storage receptacle 37 is allowed to flow into as well as the bottoms of the pressureless the common sump 3, for which purpose is column 14. There results a higher nitrogen opened the valve 38 for discharging the liquid content of the liquified air contained within the 120 into the sump 3 and the valve 39 for the common sump 3, which is, however, not a equalization of pressure.
disadvantage when supplying liquified air into After few minutes, wash liquid consisting of the pressureless column 8. Liquid equally more pure N2 is formed within the main condenser enriched in nitrogen will arrive at the bottom 12, so that there can be supplied into the of the column 14, because the pure oxygen 125 pressureless column 14 liquid nitrogen via the has already been discharged into the main valve 30 in the conduit 15 and some liquified condenser 12 without any substantial residual air enriched in nitrogen from the sump via the amount. valve 31 in conduit 16, whereupon the rectifi Because in this case, the production of cation is rapidly started up in this column.
pressurized nitrogen within the pressure col- 130 Pressureless nitrogen from the head of the 4 GB2189587A 4 column 14 leaves this column via the main lar to the head condenser (12) of the pressure heat exchanger 2. Liquid of increasing purity column (13) of the outer column or columns accumulates on the lower bottom of the col- (13, 14).
umn 14 and is discharged via the valve 36 5. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 into the intermediate storage receptacle 37 for 70 to 4, characterized in that the inner column (7, a time interval which is sufficient long for ob- 8) is totally jacketed by an outer column (13, taining sufficient purity of the product. Subse- 14).
quently, the liquid now being rich in oxygen is 6. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 discharged from the intermediate storage re- to 5, characterized in that the inner column (7, ceptacle 37 into the sump 3. If sufficient pu- 75 8) has a smaller throuput volume than the rity of the product is made sure, there are outer column or columns (13, 14) and is in also opened the valves 28 and 29, whereupon particular designed for less than 30 percent of liquid oxygen flows into the main condenser the throughput volume of the outer column or 12. columns (13, 14).
After having opened the valve 32 and hav- 80 7. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 ing closed the valve 33, nitrogen is again sup- to 6, characterized in that the columns are plied into the expansion turbine 23 for shutt- coaxially arranged.
ing down the normal operation, thereby op- 8. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 tionally shutting down the compressor 26. to 7, characterized in that there is provided a The valve 30 in the conduit 15 for the 85 number of compressors (1, 22) corresponding wash nitrogen of the main column and also a to the number of columns.
valve 40 in the conduit 9 are controlled via 9. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 manual adjusting means 41 and 42, respec- to 8, characterized in that the condensers (6, tively, equipped with an indicating device. 12) for cooling the column heads are arranged For the purpose of maintaining a definite 90 as sump boilers for the associated pressure- liquid level within the main condenser 12 dur- less column (8, 14).
ing nominal load operation, control of the 10. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 valve 35 within the recirculation circuit is ef- to 9, characterized in that the head products fected by a level control means comprising an of the pressureless columns (8, 14) of the indicating device 43. In an analogous manner, 95 columns can separately be discharged.
there are controlled the valve 31 in conduit 16 11. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 and a valve 44 in conduit 11 by a level con- to 10, characterized in that any condensate trol means comprising an indicating device 45 formed in case of a shut- down outer column and 46, respectively, so that there is obtained (13, 14) can be supplied to an intermediate a constant liquid level within the common 100 storage receptacle (37), which can be emptied sump 3. into the common sump (3) of the pressure The valve 5, through which is passed a par- columns (7, 13) of the columns when putting tial stream of the compressed air, is controlled in operation the respective outer column or by a temperature control means comprising an columns (13, 14).
indicating device 47. 105 12. Apparatus as claimed in any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that at least a partial

Claims (4)

CLAIMS amount of the pressurized gas discharged
1. Apparatus for separating gases, in parti- from the pressure column or columns (7, 13) cular air, comprising at least one compressor is supplied via a heat exchanger (2) to a com and at least one rectifying column, character- 110 pressor (22) and is, after having again been ized in that at least two rectifying columns are cooled within this heat exchanger (2), supplied connected one with the other, noting that a to an expansion turbine (23) coupled with the first rectifying column (7, 8) is, over at least compressor as a drive means and is, in an part of its outer wall, enclosed by an outer expanded condition and in a condition located column (13, 14) and in that the first column 115 just above the condensation level, again (7, 8) is operable independent from the outer passed through the heat exchanger (2).
column or columns (13, 14). 13. Apparatus for separating gases into
2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, charac- their components, substantially as hereinbefore terized in that each column is subdivided by described with reference to the drawing.
partitions into a pressure column (7, 13) and a Printed for Her Majesty's Stationery Office pressureless column (8, 14). by Burgess & Son (Abingdon) Lid, Dd 8991685, 1987.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, Published at The Patent Office, 25 Southampton Buildings, characterized in that the pressure columns (7, London, WC2A lAY, from which copies may be obtained.
13) have a common sump (3) and separate head condensers (6, 12).
4. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that, when operating only the first column (7, 8), the head products of the pressure column (7) of the first column (7, 8) are supplied to a further condenser, in particu-
GB08707253A 1986-04-02 1987-03-26 Separating gases into their components by means of a rectifying column Withdrawn GB2189587A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0086186A AT386279B (en) 1986-04-02 1986-04-02 DEVICE FOR THE DISASSEMBLY OF GASES BY MEANS OF COAXIAL INTERLECTED RECTIFICATION COLONES

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GB8707253D0 GB8707253D0 (en) 1987-04-29
GB2189587A true GB2189587A (en) 1987-10-28

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DE (1) DE3709588A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2596667A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2189587A (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2596667A1 (en) 1987-10-09
GB8707253D0 (en) 1987-04-29
AT386279B (en) 1988-07-25
DE3709588C2 (en) 1988-11-17
DE3709588A1 (en) 1987-10-08
ATA86186A (en) 1987-12-15

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