CN87104644A - 广谱杀病毒剂 - Google Patents

广谱杀病毒剂 Download PDF

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CN87104644A
CN87104644A CN198787104644A CN87104644A CN87104644A CN 87104644 A CN87104644 A CN 87104644A CN 198787104644 A CN198787104644 A CN 198787104644A CN 87104644 A CN87104644 A CN 87104644A CN 87104644 A CN87104644 A CN 87104644A
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尤塔·赫夫勒
汉斯-J·埃格尔斯
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Abstract

广谱杀病毒剂含有至少70%(重量)乙醇和/或丙醇以及0.5~5%(重量)短链有机酸。

Description

本发明涉及具有广谱效能的杀病毒剂,特别涉及对各种无膜病毒具有防治效能的杀病毒剂,这些无膜病毒有1型脊髓灰质炎病毒株(马奥尼氏株)、牛痘病毒株(埃尔斯特利株)、SV40病毒株(例为777株)和2型腺病毒株(腺样体病毒株6),它们被认为是特别危险的病毒株。
已知具有脂囊的病毒比较敏感,因此能用迄今所知的杀病毒消毒剂使其灭活。与此相反,对常规消毒剂基本上较为稳定而只对较高浓度的甲醛才会失活的无膜病毒却引起了许多问题。然而由于甲醛的毒性,而不合要求,并且在临床或实验室内都不能进行身体受损部分的消毒。
有关市售可配伍的皮肤消毒剂的消毒和灭活效能的文献颇相矛盾的,有关醇类作用的论述也是不相一致。例如关于异丙醇抗无膜病毒的效能的研究,证明这种醇的作用很弱或者没有作用。这些研究还进一步证明,如果乙醇和甲醇含水量低于30%,则药效很高。在申请人的德国专利说明书OS3430709中,给出防治无膜病毒的杀病毒剂,其含有至少70%甲醇和/或乙醇以及1~10%甘油。这种杀病毒剂还可以含有最高可达5%的蓖麻油。可是,对以甲醇和/或乙醇为主要成份并含有附加成分的甘油和蓖麻油具有广谱抗无膜病毒的这些杀病毒剂进行充分的研究,结果发现这些杀病毒剂对某些难以对付的病毒,例如2型腺病毒(腺样体病毒株6)和SV40病毒(例如777株),并无有效的抗病毒作用。
由德国专利说明书OS3227126号可知,呼吸道病毒的传播可以通过病毒与短链有机酸接触而终止或预防。柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸和苯甲酸以及他们的取代衍生物都是如上所述的最佳有机酸。此外,还必须指出:用表面活性剂可提高效能,最佳表面活性剂则是磺基琥珀酸(sulfo    succinic    acid)的1,4-双(2-乙基己基)酯的钠盐和十二烷基硫酸钠。所述杀病毒剂对常见的呼吸道病毒是有效的,例如鼻病毒、副流感病毒和腺病毒。在制备时,这些酸可任意与湿润剂一起用于纤维织物。其他的用药形式还有鼻用喷雾剂、面油、洗手液和唇膏。
从本文所列实验结果中显然可见,这些含酸的杀病毒剂对5型腺病毒也稍有抗病毒效能,但是在许多情况下,可以看到药效竞减低102或99%,其中部分仅在作用5分钟及和/或在较高浓度时就显示出药效的减低。
德国防治病毒病联合会(Die    Deutsche    fereinigung    zur    Bekampfu    ngzou    firuskrankheiten)和联邦卫生部(Bundesgesundheitsamt)现正在制订新的条例,根据该条例,仅在一段时间内使以下4种病毒株失活而又适宜用于例如在1~2分钟内能消毒手的药剂才能取名为杀病毒剂。所述4种病毒株为:1型脊髓灰质炎病毒(马奥尼氏株)、牛痘病毒株(埃尔斯特利株)、SV40病毒株(例如777病毒株)和2型腺病毒株(腺样体病毒株6)。因此,要求只有那些具有广谱抗病毒药效的药剂才能称为杀病毒剂。
现已令人惊奇地得到含有至少70%(重量)的乙醇和/或丙醇以及1~5%(重量)的短链有机酸的组合物,该组合物是符合上述标准的,因此可以标称其为具有广谱效能的杀病毒剂。
这种结果确实令人难以预料,因为我们自己用短链有机酸进行的研究说明这些酸例如对脊髓灰质炎病毒几乎无抗病毒作用,致使熟悉该领域的专业人员确认为大多数无膜病毒对酸都不敏感。但是,在本发明的组合物中,高百分比的醇和短链有机酸都具有协同的药效。长链有机酸,例如月桂酸,已不再具有所述的药效。根据德国专利公开说明书OS3430709号,将观察到甘油三酯加纯醇却反而具有类似于上述的杀病毒作用。此外,还出乎意料地发现,单一的异丙醇或与醇混合及加酸,具有很高的药效,而根据德国专利公开说明书OS3430709号,异丙醇本身并无药效作用。
然而至此还未说明醇和短链有机酸各自在其中的作用。仅其中之一只对某些病毒株有药效。与此相反,根据本发明的组合物能足以使所有无膜病毒株失活并且无其他副作用之类的问题。
因此,本发明的目的是提供一种具有广谱效能并含有至少70%至高达99.5%(重量)乙醇和/或丙醇以及0.5~5%(重量)短链有机酸的杀病毒剂。最好是在该杀病毒剂中加高达5%(重量)的湿润剂。为使新的药剂对皮肤刺激性较小和更好配伍,可另加高达5%的甘油和高达5%的蓖麻油,而这并不减低新药的药效。
典型的短链有机酸是2~6碳素酸,最佳是可被羟基取代的2~4个碳原子的单羧酸、二羧酸和三羧酸。例如乙醇酸、柠檬酸、乳酸、琥珀酸和苹果酸。适用的酸还有氨基磺酸,例如环己烷氨基磺酸。
本发明的另一个目的是将这些组合物用作杀病毒剂。
是采用乙醇,异丙醇,还是采用正丙醇,或他们的混合物的决定是取决于费用和有关工业用醇的法律条例的可能性。乙醇价格较贵,并且在许多国家要符合专门的法律条文规定,这可能影响其用于制备本发明药剂。乙醇的药效高于异丙醇,因此使用两种醇的混合物就费用和药效而言,都是理然的。
本发明药剂的作用,在一定程度上例如在1~2分钟内,使引起严重问题的病毒株的活性和传染性至少减少104
在实际使用时,本发明的药剂既可用作手的消毒剂,也可借助棉球、织物或类似辅料用于消毒皮肤的感染部分。由于甘油三酯的灭活作用,建议开始使用时,先去除皮肤的油脂,接着用本发明的药剂使其产生作用。甘油或蓖麻油的含量可以防止皮肤不需要的高度干燥并保持皮肤湿润。此外,在使用新的杀病毒剂之后,再用含有甘油三酯的适含的护肤剂处理皮肤也是可以的,因为原先是在没有甘油三酯的情况下进行消毒和灭活的。
通过下述实施例和对照实验可以清楚地了解本发明杀病毒剂的组分和药效。
实施例1
将2份(重量)柠檬酸和2份(重量)胆碱十二烷磺酸盐溶于96份(重量)的80%乙醇。取1份这种混合物与1%蓖麻油和4%甘油混合。
实施例2
将2份(重量)乙醇酸溶于18份水和80份乙醇(均以重量计)。
实施例3
将2份(重量)柠檬酸溶于28份(重量)水和70份(重量)乙醇。
实施例4
将2份(重量)环己氨基磺酸溶于18份(重量)水和80份(重量)乙醇。
实施例5
将2份(重量)乳酸溶于18份(重量)水和80份(重量)乙醇。
实施例6
将2份(重量)柠檬酸溶于18份(重量)水和80份(重量)异丙醇。
在10%胎牛血清存在下,用1型脊髓灰质炎病毒(马奥尼氏株)试验实施例1~6组合物的病毒灭活作用。在处理1分钟和2分钟后,测定病毒滴定度(log 10,PBE/ml)的降低。得到各种情况下病毒滴定度的降低都超过105,只有在实施例6中用异丙醇的组合物,其病毒滴定度在2分钟后仅降低10。
为了对比,测定了80%乙醇、70%乙醇、2%乙醇酸水溶液和2%柠檬酸水溶液。病毒滴定度降低分别为:80%乙醇约102.5,70%乙醇约101.2,而两种酸的水溶液最大降低值为100.5
用实施例1~6的配方,进一步测定对牛痘病毒(埃尔斯特利株)、SV40病毒(例如777株)和2型腺病毒(腺样体病毒株6)的作用。得到各种情况下病毒滴定度在1~2分钟内均至少降低104,单独用乙醇或丙醇,对所述病毒也无足够的药效。

Claims (16)

1、杀病毒剂,其含有70~99.5%(重量)乙醇和/或丙醇以及0.5~5%(重量)的C2~C6短链有机酸。
2、根据权利要求1的杀病毒剂,其中有机酸系被羟基任意取代的C2-4单羧酸、二羧酸或三羧酸。
3、根据权利要求1的杀病毒剂,其中有机酸系环己氨基磺酸。
4、根据权利要求1的杀病毒剂,其特征在于还含有高达5%的湿润剂。
5、根据权利要求2的杀病毒剂,其特征在于有机酸系柠檬酸和/或乙醇酸。
6、根据权利要求4的杀病毒剂,其特征在于有机酸系柠檬酸和/或乙醇酸。
7、根据权利要求4的杀病毒剂,其特征在于含作为湿润剂的胆碱十二烷磺酸盐。
8、根据权利要求1的杀病毒剂,其特征在于还含有高达5%的甘油和高达5%的蓖麻油。
9、根据权利要求2的杀病毒剂,其特征在于还含有高达5%的甘油和高达5%的蓖麻油。
10、根据权利要求3的杀病毒剂,其特征在于还含有高达5%的甘油和高达5%的蓖麻油。
11、根据权利要求4的杀病毒剂,其特征在于还含有高达5%的甘油和高达5%的蓖麻油。
12、根据权利要求5的杀病毒剂,其特征在于还含有高达5%的甘油和高达5%的蓖麻油。
13、根据权利要求7的杀病毒剂,其特征在于还含有高达5%的甘油和高达5%的蓖麻油。
14、对哺乳动物皮肤产生表面杀病毒作用的方法,其是通过涂搽含有70~99.5%(重量)乙醇和/或丙醇以及0.5%~5%(重量)短链有机酸的杀病毒剂的有效杀病毒量。
15、根据权利要求14的方法,其中有机酸系由羟基取代的C2-4单羧、二羧酸或三羧酸。
16、根据权利要求14的方法,其中有机酸系环己氨基磺酸。
CN198787104644A 1986-07-02 1987-07-02 广谱杀病毒剂 Pending CN87104644A (zh)

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DE (2) DE3622089A1 (zh)
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FI872910A (fi) 1988-01-03
US5043357A (en) 1991-08-27
DE3622089A1 (de) 1988-01-07
DK341187D0 (da) 1987-07-02
JPS6314702A (ja) 1988-01-21
GR3005946T3 (zh) 1993-06-07
DK341187A (da) 1988-01-03
EP0251303A3 (en) 1989-09-20
EP0251303B1 (de) 1992-08-26
ATE79748T1 (de) 1992-09-15
ES2052518T3 (es) 1994-07-16
CA1319605C (en) 1993-06-29

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