CN87102311A - 具有改进的介电强度的断路器 - Google Patents

具有改进的介电强度的断路器 Download PDF

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CN87102311A
CN87102311A CN87102311.3A CN87102311A CN87102311A CN 87102311 A CN87102311 A CN 87102311A CN 87102311 A CN87102311 A CN 87102311A CN 87102311 A CN87102311 A CN 87102311A
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CN1014371B (zh
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索布尔·雷蒙德
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Schneider Electric SE
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Merlin Gerin SA
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/88Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts
    • H01H33/90Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism
    • H01H33/91Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid the flow of arc-extinguishing fluid being produced or increased by movement of pistons or other pressure-producing parts this movement being effected by or in conjunction with the contact-operating mechanism the arc-extinguishing fluid being air or gas
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/52Cooling of switch parts
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/24Means for preventing discharge to non-current-carrying parts, e.g. using corona ring
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/52Cooling of switch parts
    • H01H2009/526Cooling of switch parts of the high voltage switches
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01HELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02Details
    • H01H33/04Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/12Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
    • H01H33/121Load break switches
    • H01H33/122Load break switches both breaker and sectionaliser being enclosed, e.g. in SF6-filled container

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Abstract

充气式断路器由绝缘材料铸成的箱体内所充的SF6绝缘气体来绝缘。该断路器包括一个触头系统;通过沿箱体纵轴垂直方向穿过箱壁的衬套与该触头电气相连的一对连接端子;以及把箱体固定到接地电位的金属支架上的装置。绝缘箱体的外侧表面具有许多纵向凸缘,它用于增加端子与支架之间的漏电距离。漏电距离的值大于这些部件间的空气间距。

Description

本发明涉及到用模压绝缘材料制成密封箱的断路器,密封箱内充满高介电强度绝缘气体,特别是六氟化硫。断路器包括:
-用操作机构控制的可分开的触头系统;
-通过导电材料做成的、穿过箱体侧壁并沿着垂直于纵轴方向延伸的衬套,与所述触头电气连接的一对连接端子;
-把绝缘箱体固定到电气接地的金属支架上的装置。
所说的充气式断路器在申请人申请的法国专利NO.2441916中描述过。该断路器包括一个主电路和一个分流电路,主电路有一个静主触头,该静主触头与一个动主触头一起工作,分流电路有一个静燃弧触头和一个动燃弧触头。在长方形箱体内部,主电路直接连到连接端子上,该主电路沿着直接最近辅助电路的路线延伸且比辅助电路路线短。连接端子的对面,断路器装有铸在绝缘箱体上的固定螺栓,还含有当把断路器固定在处于地电位的金属支架上时要安装螺钉的衬垫。箱体外侧面是光滑的,这就使断路器在高额定电压情况下(比如大于20KV)产生电绝缘和介电强度问题。这就必须增加箱体尺寸,以使空气中的距离满足标准规定的最小值。改变箱体尺寸将引起断路器尺寸和制造成本的增加。
本发明的目的在于增加充气断路器的电绝缘而不增加充满高介电强度绝缘气体的箱体的内部尺寸。
本发明的断路器的特征在于:绝缘箱外侧面设计了许多凸棱以增加接线端子和支架间的漏电距离;漏电距离的值大于上述部件间的空气中的距离,箱的与绝缘气体相接触的内侧面在外凸棱的同高度上是光滑的。
凸棱最好与绝缘箱体铸在一起,并沿纵轴平行方向纵贯整个侧面。
本发明的另一特点是:箱壁上有一个孔,在孔的周围的箱体上有环形凸台,该孔让与外部操作机构相连的金属传动轴穿过。轴周围的环形凸台可增加最近的连接端子与处于地电位的传动轴之间的漏电距离。
在可移动的断路器中,连接端子可安装电流接插件,每个接插件包含一个缩入臂,该臂的首端刚性地固定到连接端子上,其另一端具有缩入的触头夹紧装置,设计成散热器形的缩入臂具有一个外面有冷却凸缘的金属件。缩入臂的首端含有一个用来复盖相应连接端子凸出边缘的弧形的圆盖子。
本发明的其它优点和特征,通过以下本发明的一个实施例(只作为非限定例子)的描述中将会更清楚,这些例子见附图,其中
-图1是可动分型断路器示意正视图,该断路器安装在可移动支架上;
-图2是本发明的不可移动型断路器放大的轴剖视图;
-图3是图2中静主触头的连接系统详图;
-图4是图3的侧视图;
-图5是图4沿Ⅴ-Ⅴ的剖视图;
-图6提供了图1缩入臂另一实施例的剖视图;
-图7是图2的断路器的绝缘箱在移去了活动部件和控制机构后的放大的底视图;
-图8是绝缘箱的侧视图。
最佳实施例的介绍
在图中,充气式断路器10的一个电极,安装在一个由绝缘材料铸成的密封箱12内,箱内充满高介电强度的阴电性绝缘气体,值得提出的是六氟化硫。用环氧树脂制成的长方形箱体12内装有一主电路14和一个辅助分流电路20,主电路是为通过额定电流,它有一对主触头16、18,其中18是动触头,主电路14的辅助电路有一对燃弧触头22、24,其中有一个是动触头(图2虚线表示)。互相有纵向偏移的一对衬套26、28,径向穿过箱体12的壁并构成断路器电极10的输入端子30和输出端子32。
在拉出型断路器10(图1)中,每个连接端子30、32装有由触头夹紧装置38的缩入臂形成的电流接插件34、36。该断路器10装在可移动支架37上,它装有滚动部件39,以允许断路器在缩入和拉出位置之间移动。
在固定式断路器10(图2)中,在没有电流接插件缩入臂34、36的情况下,电极的电气连接是直接靠导电衬套26、28的外接端子30,32实现的。
在端子30、32的对面,绝缘箱12侧面有一对紧固螺栓40、42,以便把断路器10机械固定到接地的金属支架44上。该断路器支架44可以构成固定框架的一部分(图2),或装在可移动支架37上(图1)。螺栓40、42以如下方式铸在绝缘箱12上:它与衬套26、28相对,并在侧面凸出出来。凹进绝缘螺栓40、42的一端的金属垫片46在断路器10安装到支架44时,可以调节紧固螺栓。
箱12的对端48、50分别用下盖52和上盖54盖住。一个分子筛56安装在箱12内下盖52的腔内。
外部操作机构(没画出)机械地连到与旋转动轴60相连的摇把58,转动轴60经动态密封系统64穿过箱12的孔62。在绝缘箱12内部,转动轴60绞连到绝缘传动杆66上,绝缘传动杆用以带动断路器电极10的动触头组件。让转动轴60通过的孔62位于紧固螺栓和绝缘箱12的底端48之间。
主电路14的动触头18安装在由下衬套支承的一个固定轴68上。一中间传动装置70机械上把动主触头18连接到一个可移动操纵杆72,该操作杆的一端绞连到绝缘传动杆66,另一端支承动燃弧触头24。操纵杆72是导电的,并用一根软连接导线74电气连接到下衬套26。当转动轴60转动时,传动装置70使操纵杆72的直线运动变换为动主触头18的旋转动作,该组件的设计使主触头16,18在燃弧触头分离之前先分离。这样,从动燃弧触头24的操纵杆72的滑动运动就可得到动主触头18的传动运动。
由活塞76及气体压缩缸78组成的吹气装置与一对燃弧触头22,24联同工作,当操作杆72运动后燃弧触头22及24分离从而起弧时,吹气装置动作靠压缩气体把电弧吹灭。
静主触头16由一个电气连接到上衬套28的固定连接系统来支承。静燃弧触头22也连到上衬套28上。在箱12内部,主电路14直接与衬套26、28相连接与沿着直接靠近辅助电路20路线的纵向路线延伸,因而比横向偏移的辅助电路20路径短。
这种断路器的操作对于精通技术的人来说是众所周知的,并由申请人申请的法国专利No2444916中详细说明。
根据本发明,绝缘箱12的外侧表面有许多纵向凸缘82,以增加构成不同极性的两个活动元件的导电端子30,32与金属支架44的地电位间的漏电距离。漏电距离相当于箱12的绝缘材料表面这些元件间以及紧固螺钉40,42间的最短距离。漏电距离大于这些元件间的空气间距。凸缘82是由与箱12一起铸造的外表上的纵向凸棱构成的,并且沿纵轴平行的方向延伸到箱体12的端面48及50之间的整个长度(见图1到图8)。箱12的回转侧表面的内壁是光滑的,而外部凸缘82最好在作为箱体12外壁一部分的端子30,32的每一面上等间隔均匀分布(见图1)。凸缘82与紧固螺栓40,42之间的其余部分外壁是光滑的。
箱12的孔62周围具有凸台84,它可让旋转轴60通过,旋转轴60由金属材料制成,并连接到地电位。凸台84有一个环状外沿以增加下端子30和旋转轴60之间漏电距离。此环形外沿处于绝缘螺栓40的背面。
外表面的纵向凸缘82和环形凸台84的存在,在不增加箱体12内部尺寸的情况下改进了断路器的介电强度和电绝缘。因此,断路器的额定电压能从18KV增加到24KV,当断路器开断时,凸缘84也有助于使绝缘气体冷却。
在箱12的中间区域可以见到静主触头16的连接装置80是处在上端子18的电位,而动燃弧触点24和导电杆72是处在下端子30的电位。该电位差会在该区域产生强电场。为了避免产生内部闪络,连接装置80包括两个平行平铜棒86、88(图3到图5),每根铜棒具有矩形截面和圆形边缘90。静主触头16装有一尾部92,其作为夹在两个相对布置的棒86、88之间的夹层。紧固螺钉94把静主触头16安装到连接系统80的86和88两根棒上。棒86和88的圆形边缘90和气缸78中间壁可防止内部闪络。
图6中可移动断路器的每个电流连接器34,36的缩入臂设计成散热器95,它具有金属体96,其外表面有一系列冷却凸缘98。环形凸缘98与金属体96一起铸成,当电流通过时,它提供很好的散热功能。金属体96是由紧固螺栓100穿过96凸槽内部102牢固地与相应的衬套26、28的连接端子30、32相连。散热器95的一端装有能盖住连接端子30、32的凸台的圆形盖104。散热器另一端作为缩入臂触头夹紧装置38的支架。作为散热器95的凸缘98的一部分的盖104的存在改善了断路器的绝缘强度。
本发明已用一个具有活塞及绝缘气体压缩气缸装置的气吹断路器说明过了,但它可以扩展到任何其它类型的断路器,特别是具有自膨胀以及/或者用永久磁块或线圈使电弧旋转的磁吹式断路器。

Claims (9)

1、带有充满高介电强度的绝缘气体,特别是六氟化硫的模压绝缘材料密封箱的断路器,它包括:
-用操纵机构控制的可分开的触头系统;
-通过导电材料制成的,经箱体侧壁的、沿与纵轴垂直方向延伸的衬套,与所述触头电气连接的一对连接端子;
-把绝缘箱体固定到接地(或大地)的金属支架的装置;
-为增加端子和支架之间的漏电距离而在箱体外侧面装有许多凸缘,漏电距离的值大于上述部分在空气间距;
-与箱内绝缘气体相接触的内侧表面在与外部凸缘同等高度处是光滑的。
2、根据权利要求1,所述的断路器的凸缘是与绝缘箱体一起铸成的,并且沿与纵轴平行方向延伸到侧壁的整个长度;
3、根据权利要求1,所述的断路器,其中凸台位于每个端子的两边,在箱体外部侧表面等距离排列。
4、根据权利要求1,所述的断路器,其中箱体具有一个孔,以便让操纵机构的金属传动杆通过,且在孔的外面有一环形凸台,以增加最近的连接端子和地电位传动轴之间的漏电距离。
5、根据权利要求1所述的断路器,其中,把断路器固定到金属支架上的装置是与箱体一起铸造的绝缘螺栓构成,绝缘螺栓突出在相应连接端子对面的侧壁上,每个螺栓沿着与箱的纵轴垂直的方向延伸。
6、根据权利要求5所述的断路器,其中,环形凸台与传动轴同心,且从最近的紧固螺栓缩进;
7、根据权利要求1所述的断路器包括:
-具有一对静主触头和动主触头并流过额定电流的主电路,
-有一对静和动燃弧触头的辅助分流电路,静主触头和静燃弧触头电气连接到一个连接端子,而动主触头和动燃弧触头连接到另一个连接端子,
-静主触头和相应的连接端子间的连续系统,它至少具有沿平行于箱体纵轴延伸的两个导电棒,每个棒具有矩形截面及圆形边沿,静主触头具有一尾部,它作为两个相对希望的棒之间的隔离片。
8、根据权利要求1所述的断路器,它包括:
-由缩入臂构成的电流接插件,该缩入臂的第一端牢固地装在每一连接端子上,而第二端具有缩入式触头夹紧装置,缩入臂做成散热器形状,它有一个其外表面有冷却凸缘的金属体;
-缩入臂的第一端装有弧形的圆盖,以盖住相应连接端子的凸沿。
9、根据权利要求8所述的可移动断路器,其中,所述盖和冷却凸缘是与散热器的金属件一起铸成的。
CN87102311A 1986-03-26 1987-03-26 具有改进的介电强度的断路器 Expired CN1014371B (zh)

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FR8604493 1986-03-26
FR8604493A FR2596576B1 (fr) 1986-03-26 1986-03-26 Disjoncteur electrique a autosoufflage a tenue dielectrique amelioree

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CN1014371B CN1014371B (zh) 1991-10-16

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CN102543557A (zh) * 2010-11-30 2012-07-04 株式会社日立制作所 开闭器单元及搭载有开闭器单元的开关机构

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FR2596576A1 (fr) 1987-10-02
KR870009421A (ko) 1987-10-26
CA1289605C (en) 1991-09-24
US4748304A (en) 1988-05-31
IN168698B (zh) 1991-05-18
EP0239460A1 (fr) 1987-09-30
JPS62234826A (ja) 1987-10-15
FR2596576B1 (fr) 1988-05-27
EP0239460B1 (fr) 1992-06-03
KR950003869B1 (ko) 1995-04-20
DE3779470D1 (de) 1992-07-09
CN1014371B (zh) 1991-10-16

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