CN86107763B - 具有相邻地址空间的存贮器系统 - Google Patents

具有相邻地址空间的存贮器系统 Download PDF

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CN86107763B
CN86107763B CN86107763A CN86107763A CN86107763B CN 86107763 B CN86107763 B CN 86107763B CN 86107763 A CN86107763 A CN 86107763A CN 86107763 A CN86107763 A CN 86107763A CN 86107763 B CN86107763 B CN 86107763B
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道格拉斯·埃尔·马丁
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/08Addressing or allocation; Relocation in hierarchically structured memory systems, e.g. virtual memory systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/06Addressing a physical block of locations, e.g. base addressing, module addressing, memory dedication
    • G06F12/0646Configuration or reconfiguration
    • G06F12/0653Configuration or reconfiguration with centralised address assignment
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F12/00Accessing, addressing or allocating within memory systems or architectures
    • G06F12/02Addressing or allocation; Relocation
    • G06F12/06Addressing a physical block of locations, e.g. base addressing, module addressing, memory dedication
    • G06F12/0646Configuration or reconfiguration
    • G06F12/0669Configuration or reconfiguration with decentralised address assignment
    • G06F12/0676Configuration or reconfiguration with decentralised address assignment the address being position dependent

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Abstract

一个提供相邻地址空间的存贮器系统,含有几个存贮器模块,每个模块含有为控制电路提供模块存贮容量的电路。控制电路给第一块存贮模块指定一个初始地址,并且利用已经指定的前面的初始地址及存贮器容量给后面的存贮器模块确定地址。在一个实施例中的控制电路包括一组加法器,每个与存贮模块相联以接收存贮容量数据。加法器串接在一起,以便按菊花链方式计算各模块的初始地址。

Description

具有相邻地址空间的存贮器系统
这项发明涉及计算机存贮系统,更确切地说,涉及计算机的存贮器系统,它在几个独立的存贮器模块中间确定存贮器地址空间,以形成一个相邻的地址空间。
一般而言,计算机总要包括一个由几个独立的存贮器模块组成的存贮器系统。这些存贮器模块通过由地址总线、数据总线和控制信号线所组成的信号总线联接到中央处理机上去。每个存贮器模块是由地址线上特定的地址信号进行存取操作,这些地址信号可以在存贮器模块中确定相应的存贮单元。
现在已有几种技术用于在一个存贮器模块中确定存贮器地址。一种普通的方法是使用跳线或双列直插式组件开关确定一个存贮器模块的地址空间。当这个存贮器模块联接到信号总线上之后,存贮器模块将响应所确定的地址空间中的地址。这种方法有一个缺点,就是为了给新增加的存贮模块确定适当的地址空间,就需要判定对原有存贮器模块所已经确定的存贮器地址。还有一个缺点是可能通过改变单片存贮器的容量来增加存贮器模块的容量,因为它受到了用来确定地址空间的跳线或开关数量的限制。另一个缺点是,如果存贮器模块本身的容量增加,可能需要对其它的模块重新确定它们的地址空间,如果系统中有几个存贮器模块,这可是一个非常麻烦的工作。
另一项技术是在名为《主存贮器控制系统》的4,414,627号美国专利中披露的,这个系统提供了一个地址变换表,表中含有一个可由逻辑地址寻址的字寄存器,用于存贮模块中相应的预先指定的存贮器物理单元的地址,以及存贮表明这个单元是否在进行存取操作的相应标志。这项技术和跳线技术一样,也需要预先确定存贮器模块的地址空间。
名为《对不相邻存贮器提供连续地址的数据处理装置》的美国专利3,469,241号披露了数据处理机中的一项技术,当数据处理机和存贮器进行通信时,利用一组信号以符号的方式表现存贮单元的地址,这个符号地址送到变换装置产生正在存取的存贮单元的实际地址。和上述技术相同,这项技术也需要预先指定地址空间。
根据本发明,提出了一个包括几个存贮器模块的能提供相邻地址空间的存贮器系统,每个存贮器模块含有形成存贮模块容量的电路。系统中还包括有一个控制电路,这个电路可以给这些模块中的第一块模块指定一个初始地址,然后依据前面所指定的初始地址及存贮的容量再为其余的每块存贮模块依次指定一个初始地址。
在这项发明的第一个实施例中,有几个存贮器卡接在信号总线上。处理机提供一个初始地址给顺次放置的第一个存贮器卡,每一个存贮器卡包括一个提供相应存贮卡上存贮器容量的电路和一个控制电路,这个控制电路接收到初始地址,然后加上卡的存贮器的容量,产生下一个卡的地址,提供给下一个顺序放置的存贮器卡。每一个存贮器卡在接到初始地址后,便产生下一个初始地址,以菊花链方式供给顺次放置的下一个存贮卡。用这种方法,可以提供一个相邻的地址空间。
在第二个实施例中,有一个主存贮器控制电路,它包括几个分别与每个单独的存贮模块相联的加法器。存贮模块将模块的存贮容量送给加法器,每个加法器把存贮器容量和初始地址加在一起,为下一个顺次设置的加法器提供一个新的初始地址。此外,存贮器控制器对于每个存贮器模块还有一个地址比较电路,以决定哪个特定的模块何时被寻址。
在第三个实施例中,有一个如实施例2中所描述的存贮器控制器。然而,从存贮器模块到加法器的信号线都是双向的。在第一个方向,将存贮器容量送入这个模块相应的加法器,在第二个方向,提供在每个存贮模块中要被寻址的特定存储单元的低位地址。通过一个专用控制信号对各模块的双向信号线的传送方向进行控制。高位地址译码是在如实施例2中所述的存贮器控制器中完成的,也就是说,当存贮器被寻址时,存贮器控制器上的地址比较电路产生一个模块选通信号,送给各有关的存贮器模块。
图1是一个存贮器卡的方块图。
图2是顺序放置的存贮器模块卡槽的方块图。
图3是与顺序放置的存贮器卡槽相联接的存贮器控制电路的方块图。
图4是一个包括和顺序放置的存贮器模块卡槽相接的存贮器控制器的另一个实施例的方块图。
本发明的目的是在第一次加电时,给各个单独的存贮器模块指定地址,以便提供一个全面相邻的地址空间。图1和图2说明了这项发明的一个实施例。图1是一个单独的存贮器卡10的方块图,它含有连接在数据总线8和存贮器阵列地址总线25上的存贮器阵列11。存贮器模块的初始地址通过18号线提供给加法器16。加法器16将初始地址和方块12上14号线所给出的存贮器卡的容量相加,计算下一个顺序放置的存贮器模块的初始地址。后面这个初始地址由20号线输出给下一个顺序放置的存贮器卡(没有画出)。这后一个地址同时由21线供给地址比较逻辑电路24。地址比较逻辑电路还要接受来自18线的初始地址,并确定这个特定的存贮卡10的地址空间。所确定的地址空间包含初始地址,以及下一个初始地址之前的所有地址。这个地址空间和地址总线27上的有效地址相比较,以决定何时产生卡选通信号26,访问存储器阵列11存贮单元的存贮器阵列地址是在总线25上产生的。同时还具有控制线,例如读/写线等等,但图中没有画出。存储卡容量方块12可以是只读存贮器,一组跳线、一个双列直插式开关或任何可以产生一个存贮器容量特征数字的电路元件。如果采用双列直插开关或跳线,则这个开关位置或跳线的数目应该足够大,以便在存贮器阵列11的容量增长时,存贮卡的容量可以很容易地进行调整。
图2表明了存贮器卡槽30,40,50,60及70的位置和相互联系,这些槽(30,40,50,60,70)中的每一个均连接在地址总线34数据总线36及控制总线38上。此外,槽1(30)接在32线上接收初始地址。在这个实施例中,初始地址是由处理机卡提供的(没有画出)。如果存贮器位于处理机卡上,则这个初始地址是已被指定给处理机存贮器的地址之后的下一个有效地址。这个初始地址信息是由位于槽30上的存贮器卡处理的,并在42线上产生下一个地址,提供给位于槽2上的下一个卡(插座40)。在槽2上的存贮卡40又在52线上产生下一个地址信号并且,提供给位于槽3的存贮器卡50,后面以此类推。采用这种方法,这些卡的初始地址将以菊花链式从而为这些卡提供了一个相邻的地址空间。即使槽中这些卡本身的存贮容量不同,这个地址空间仍然是相邻的。
从图2将可以明显的看出槽的数目可以是任意的。如图2所示,每一个槽应接到普通的地址总线34、数据总线36及控制总线38上,下一组地址线以图2所示的菊花链方式进行联接。本领域的技术人员应当清楚,即初始地址线(32,42,52,62及72线)和地址总线34,数据总线36及控制总线38均可以是串行线或并行线。
图3表明了这项发明的第二个实施例,它包括一个位于处理机卡上的存贮器控制器100或其它中央地址分配器。存贮器控制器100包括几个加法器(102~106)和几个地址比较电路(107~111)。包括联接器150、152、154、156和158的存贮器卡槽1到N,接到数据总线116,地址总线118及控制总线119,每组总线对联接器150、152、154、156与158都是公用的。此外,每个联接器(150、154、156及158)分别单独联接到存贮器控制器100中的一个加法器和一个地址比较电路。
现在看存贮器控制器100,112线上的第一个初始地址送给加法器106。如前所述,第一个初始地址是处理机卡上产生的。112线上的初始地址和112号线上的存贮器容量加在一起,后者来自与卡槽1相联的联结器150。122线上的存贮器容量和112线上初始地址在加法器106内相加,在140线上形成下一个地址,送到加法器105。122线上的存贮器容量和112线上的初始地址还被送到地址比较电路111,使地址比较电路111启动,以确定槽1上相应存贮器模块的地址空间。高位地址线114也送到地址比较器111,使它可以确定这个存贮器模块是否要进行存取操作。如果存贮器模块要进行存取,就将120线上的选通信号送到联接器150,告诉1号卡槽中的存贮器模块接收在118线上的低位地址,对存贮器模块内的存贮单元进行存取操作。
140线上的下一个地址送到加法器105,利用126线上存贮器的容量数据以类似的方法进行变换,在142号线上产生下一个地址。用这种方法,103到106的每个加法器将分别收到相应的初始地址及存贮器容量数据。加法器103将输出下一个初始地址送给比较电路107,它对应于最后一个卡槽N(包括联接器158)内的模块。
地址比较器107-111和地址总线114相接,并分别接收初始地址信号和来自各相应存贮器模块的存贮器容量数据。例如,地址比较器111接收112线上的初始地址及122线上的存贮器容量,以确定卡槽1内存贮器模块的地址空间。当接收到114线上适当的地址时,地址比较器电路111对地址译码,然后在120线上产生一个卡选通信号,启动位于槽1上的存贮器卡,使其适时接收来自地址总线118的地址信号、数据总线116的数据信号及控制总线119的控制信号。107-111中的每一个地址比较电路均要从相应的槽联接器接收存贮器容量信号,以便给各相应的存贮器模块提供相应的存贮器地址空间。本领域的技术人员可知,通过将高位地址线114接到存贮器控制器100上,可以减少每个卡联接器150,152,154,156及158上的地址线的数目。每个卡槽联接器(150,152,154,156及158)需要向存贮器控制器100提供各自独立的存贮器容量线122、126、130、134及138。此外,联接器150、152、154、156和158各自接收来自120、124、128、132及136相应各线上的模块选通信号。
图3所示的存贮器控制电路有一个优点,即菊花链方式向这些槽上的每个存贮器模块的地址比较器提供初始地址的电路是在一个普通电路板上或一个单片集成电路中实现的,因而减少了在各存贮器模块上存取信息所需要的总的地址线的数目。
图4表明了这项发明的第三个实施例,它将进一步减少联接到如图示的1号卡槽到N号卡槽内存贮器模块地址总线的数目。如前所述,存贮器控制器200包括加法器203-206和地址比较器207-211,它们的工作原理和图3中各加法器及地址比较器相似,第一个初始地址是由212线提供的,后面的地址按图所示的菊花链式在240、242、244、248线上产生。此外,高位地址线通过214线送到地址比较电路207-211。207-211中的每个地址比较电路通过初始地址及存贮器容量这两个信号来决定相应的存贮器模块的地址空间。207-211中各地址比较器的输出是220、224、228、232及236线上的模块选通信号,送给位于卡槽1-N内的各相应存贮模块。
这个实施例和前面的实施例所不同的是260、262、264、266及268线上的数据流是双向的,在这个实施例中,这些线联接到地址总线218,它包括存贮器模块中存贮单元的低位地址。通过在控制总线219上增加一条控制线,可确定260、262、2264、266及268线的数据传递方向。在这个实施例中,初始方向是从存贮器模块联接器250、252、254、256和258到加法器203-206和地址比较电路208-211,以便在226、222、230、234及238线上形成相应的存贮器容量信息。在第二种方向下,这条控制总线219上的控制信号改变了260、262、264、266及268线上的数据流向。使在卡槽1-N上的存贮器可以接收地址总线218的低位地址。由于仅在地址空间的初始设定时需要存贮器容量数据,因而,地址总线218和存贮器容量信息在222、226、230、234及238线上的转接将不会影响在卡槽1到N中的各存贮器模块的存取时间。

Claims (3)

1、一个提供相邻地址空间的存贮器系统包括:一组存贮器模块,每个模块包含提供模块存贮容量的装置,其特征在于:有一个控制器,它将初始地址分配给第一个所述的存贮器模块,并根据前面已指定的存贮器模块的初始地址和已确定的存贮器模块的存贮容量为其余各模块指定初始地址。
2、权利要求1所述的存贮器系统,其中所述控制器包括加法器,它把存贮模块的初始地址和模块存贮容量相加,为下一个模块指定初始地址。
3、权利要求2所述的存贮模块,其中每个所述模块包括一个地址比较器,它接收初始地址和模块存贮容量,并确定该模块的地址空间。
CN86107763A 1985-12-19 1986-11-14 具有相邻地址空间的存贮器系统 Expired CN86107763B (zh)

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US4740916A (en) 1988-04-26
CN86107763A (zh) 1987-06-17
KR870006470A (ko) 1987-07-11
EP0226791A2 (en) 1987-07-01
EP0226791A3 (en) 1989-10-11
KR910000589B1 (ko) 1991-01-26
BR8606258A (pt) 1987-10-06
JPS62149093A (ja) 1987-07-03

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International patent classification (main classification): G06F12/06