CN86105267A - Be exclusively used in the method for native maize varieties improvement - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the method to the native maize varieties improvement, will improve the breed in the first round is divided into basic proterties, first proterties, secondary sexual character, selects at many levels successively, and adopts the colony of Artificial Control pollination to hand over technology mutually; Take turns employing one ground plantation improvement colony second, and therefrom select excellent, good, general three groups of fruit ears, as the selection material of next round; Third round again with excellent, good, generally organize the fruit ear kind and become head progeny row, and get excellent group of each fruit ear equivalent seed and make common male parent with good group part fruit ear equivalent seed, carry out recurrent selection by the present invention program, the every wheel can make output and other useful proterties of improving the breed be improved.

Description

The present invention relates to the method that native maize varieties yield traits, tree characteristics, breeding time and resistance are improved, this method is the improvement of improvement head progeny row recurrent selection method.Improvement head progeny row recurrent selection method is, selects hundreds of of fine individual plant with range estimation from an original native maize varieties colony, and next year is the first round, just these individual plant fruit ears must be put into three places respectively and plant.One of them place, plant in isolated area, each fringe seed kind with these single fringes becomes corresponding head progeny row, be mixed into the male parent seed from every fringe seed that takes a morsel again, plant with the ratio of parent 3 row, male parent 1 row then, when earing to blooming, whole tassels that female parent is capable are removed, and are solid for powder by the male parent row.All the other 2 conducts are paid a little, still with the head progeny row of the same quantity of principal point kind, do not establish and keep apart, and also are regardless of this head progeny row of father and mother.During results, with reference to paying a some head progeny row plant phene, by the 20% selection rate seed of selecting and remain, as the selection material of next round, each wheel all goes down like this later at principal point.

The present invention is that the improvement proterties with aforementioned kind is divided into basic proterties, and first proterties, secondary sexual character in the first round, are carried out multi-level selection, and adopts the colony of Artificial Control pollination to hand over technology mutually on this basis; Taking turns second is winter, adopts ground plantation improvement colony, therefrom selects excellent, good, general three groups of individual plants, as the method for the selection material of next round; Again excellent, good, general three groups of individual plant kinds are become head progeny row in third round, and get the seed of excellent group of each fruit ear equivalent and make common male parent with the equivalent seed of partly very organizing fruit ear.By above-mentioned several improvement steps, reach the improvement proterties that both guarantees kind and reach predetermined target, can shorten the improvement cycle of kind again, more effectively improve the purpose of native maize varieties improved effect.

Method of the present invention is will improve the breed to be divided into basic proterties by the requirement of improvement proterties, i.e. the kind proterties that will keep is as grain look, a type, disease-resistant, pest-resistant and resistant to lodging etc.; Secondary sexual character, i.e. the plant phene in the time of infertility, as plant height, blade appearance, dual spike rate and ripe sooner or later etc.; Secondary sexual character, i.e. yield traits is selected levels as the size of fringe, grain row what, three of seed weight and fruit ear bract length etc.In the first improvement cycle of kind, carry out the selection of these three levels successively, in the time of promptly will blooming in plantation colony, at first select to possess the plant of basic proterties, select the plant that possesses first proterties on this basis again, then with in select plant to put female flower bag and male flower bag respectively, when weaving silk loose powder, colony is divided into left and right sides two large divisions, with the bagging pollen that artificially collects the left side, and it is awarded on the female Honoka silk of the right bagging, simultaneously, to award on the female Honoka silk of left side bagging after the collection of the right bagging pollen, will put by bag after the pollination, the colony of this controlled pollination hands over mutually, can prevent that the pollen of bad plant from participating in pollination.When to be gathered in the crops, require in aforementioned bagging plant, to select to reserve seed for planting according to secondary sexual character again, as the selection material of next round.It is winter that the present invention takes turns second, adopt ground plantation improvement colony, when results, requirement according to the improvement proterties, the strain fringe that meets aforementioned three character requirements as excellent group, the strain fringe that possesses two proterties wherein as good group, and the strain fringe that only possesses a proterties as generally organizing, and the difference mark, the results back is as the selection material of next round respectively.The present invention is next spring in third round, take turns to select and remain with second again and respectively organize fruit ear and plant into head progeny row and make parent, and from excellent group of each fruit ear, take out the equivalent seed, take out the equivalent seed as common male parent in the group of the getting married and start a new life part fruit ear, the seed of general group fruit ear is only done maternal using.

The present invention compares with existing improvement head progeny row recurrent selection method, in the first round to the native maize varieties improvement, adopt the colony of multi-level selection and Artificial Control pollination to hand over technology mutually, than every wheel of improvement head progeny row recurrent selection method by the disposable selection accuracy of 20% selection rate height, can avoid some weak plants or the unhelpful plant of improvement proterties is participated in pollination, improve the reorganization of beneficial gene.Take turns employing one ground plantation improvement colony second, therefrom select excellent, good, general three groups of fruit ears to select material as next round, can make breed improvement intersect selection in winter, the identical area of weather in spring, by selecting one to take turns and become 1 year and select two-wheeled in original 1 year, thereby shorten the process of improvement.These characteristics is that improvement head progeny row recurrent selection method is not accomplished.From improved effect, (WACompton; KBahadur) the result who in " Crop Science " 1977Vo173378-380, states to Hays Golden breed improvement four-wheel, average every grain yield of taking turns improves 6%, but the relative moisture of seed also increases with average every ratio of 1.45% of taking turns, height of stachys position also increases with average every ratio of 2.87% of taking turns, and this is actually the prolongation of breeding time and the increase of plant height.The result of the yellow maize breed improvement four-wheel in scenic focal point of the present invention east, average every wheel of grain yield increases 4.87%, and the plant more preceding than improvement of the plant after the improvement reduces by 10%, does sth. in advance 3-4 days breeding time, and kept grain look, grain type and the resistance of former kind.From two comprehensive character analysis of improving the breed relatively, the present invention is outstanding desirable to the native maize varieties improved effect.

By embodiment of the present invention be first step: select fringe to form basic population.Promptly select representative plant 1500-2000 strain (fringe) in the main place of production that will improve the breed, through after the species test, at least 250 fringes of selecting and remain are as basic population.Second step: number respectively at least 250 fringes that will select and remain 1 year spring, threshing, order sowing then, each fringe is broadcast delegation, whenever walks to few 20 strains.When treating that plant will bloom, according to the improvement character requirement, each head progeny row is selected, select the plant that meets basic character requirement earlier, and then the plant that choosing has first proterties in the roguing from these, respectively in select on the plant cover male flower bag and female flower bag, roguing bagging number is at least more than 1000 strains.When treating that plant weaves silk loose powder, after soon all bagging pollen will be collected in 1 to 125 head progeny row, award in to 126 to 250 head progeny rows on the female Honoka silk of all baggings, equally with after all bagging pollen are collected in 126 to 250 head progeny rows, award on the female Honoka silk of all baggings in to 1 to 125 head progeny row, will put by sack after the pollination, participate in pollination with the pollen of avoiding other plant.When treating that fruit ear is ripe, according to the requirement of secondary sexual character, from the bagging fruit ear, select again, and with in select fruit ear to gather in the crops specially, have 250 fringes at least, as the selection material of next round.Third step: select winter.To number threshing respectively by at least 250 fruit ears that second step is selected and remain, plant on a ground.Will get the mixing of equivalent seed from each fruit ear during sowing and make common male parent, and by maternal triplex row, the ratio of male parent delegation is broadcast into head progeny row, finishes 250 head progeny rows successively, whenever walks to few 20.When tassel is bloomed, all maternal male flowers of going are removed, solid by the male parent row for powder.During results, the strain fringe that will meet aforementioned three character requirements is selected and remain as excellent group of fruit ear, the strain fringe that only possesses aforementioned two proterties is selected and remain as good group fruit ear, the strain fringe that only possesses an aforementioned proterties is selected and remain as general group fruit ear, each organizes sum at least 250 fringes of selecting and remain, as the selection material of next round.The 4th step: in next spring, excellent by at least 250 that third step is selected and remain, good, general three groups of fruit ears are numbered threshing respectively, then each fruit ear is divided into three parts.A copy of it is planted in the isolated area, and during sowing, common male parent is made in a part of fruit ear moderate seed mixing of every fringe taking-up equivalent seed and good group from excellent group of fruit ear, and presses maternal two row, and the ratio of male parent delegation is planted into head progeny row.When tassel was bloomed, whole male flowers that female parent is capable removed, and made the male parent row solid for powder.All the other two parts of seeds generally are located in the grown place as paying point, and only order is sowed 250 head progeny rows, is regardless of father and mother's one's own profession, reference when only selecting as principal point.During results,, whole head progeny rows of 3 are carried out the field appraise according to the requirement of improvement proterties, put the evaluation result with reference to the Second Mate, comprehensively determine 20% best head progeny row at principal point, every then row is selected at least 5 fringes, make the fringe of selecting and remain remain on 250 fruit ears at least, as the selection material of next round.The selection of each wheel later on all intersects by the 3rd, the 4th step to be carried out.Execute reality by the present invention program, the gain of character improvements such as can both obtaining plant and grain yield is taken turns in every selection one.

Claims (6)

1, method to the native maize varieties improvement, be from native maize varieties plantation colony, to select hundred of good single spike numbers with ocular estimate, become head progeny row with its kind the coming year, carrying out colony hands over mutually, improve the breed with acquisition, it is characterized in that, the breed improvement proterties is divided into basic proterties, first proterties, three of secondary sexual characters are selected level, in the first round, carry out the selection of three levels successively, selecting to adopt the colony of Artificial Control pollination to hand over mutually to colony on the basis, when second takes turns employing one ground plantation improvement colony, to therefrom select excellent, very, general three groups of fruit ears are as the selection material of next round, in third round again with excellent, very, general group fruit ear kind becomes head progeny row, and takes out excellent group of each fruit ear equivalent seed and make common male parent with the equivalent seed of the good group of part fruit ear.

2, select level for three according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the basis proterties refers to that kind keeps proterties, i.e. grain look, grain type, disease resistance, resistance to insects, resistant to lodging etc., first proterties refers to plant phene in the time of infertility, be that plant height, blade appearance, dual spike rate and maturation wait sooner or later, secondary sexual character, i.e. what, seed weight and fruit ear bract length etc. of fruit ear size, grain row.

3, according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the first round of breed improvement, at first from plantation colony, select the plant that meets basic proterties, by choosing again on the basis of requirement roguing in last of first proterties, and roguing in the second time put male flower bag and female flower bag respectively, at least 1000 strains of bagging number are selected by the requirement of secondary sexual character in the roguing in meeting aforementioned two proterties at last again.

4, according to claim 1 and claim 3, it is characterized in that, selecting at many levels on the basis, when treating that colony will bloom, whole plant are divided into two parts that head progeny row equates, when weaving silk loose powder, collect the pollen of the right and left respectively, the pollen that the left side is collected is awarded on the female Honoka silk of the right bagging again, and the pollen that the right is collected is awarded on the female Honoka silk of left side bagging equally.

5, according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, adopt ground plantation improvement colony, when results, to select earlier meet basic proterties, first proterties, secondary requirement the strain fringe as excellent group, select the strain fringe that meets two character requirements then as good group, strain fringe that at last will a character requirement of a tool is as generally organizing, three groups of fruit ears sum of selecting and remain must not be less than 250 fruit ears, as the selection material of next round.

6,, it is characterized in that, when next round is sowed according to claim 5, the excellent group of fruit ear with good group both made maternal row seed, from excellent group of fruit ear, take out equivalent seed and a part of fruit ear equivalent seed of good group again as common male parent, generally organize fruit ear and only make maternal usefulness, do not participate in doing the male parent seed.