CN1004465B - Method for improving regional species of corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for improving the local variety of maize. Varieties to be improved in the first round are divided into basic characters, first characters and second characters. The varieties are orderly selected in a multilayer mode, and a population intercrossing technique of artificial control pollination is adopted. Improved populations are planted in a field in the second around, and ears of a superior group, a good group and a common group are selected from the populations as material for the selection of the next around. The ears of the superior group, the good group and the common group are sown in rows in the third around, and equal quantity of the seeds of all ears of the superior group and equal quantity of the seeds of the ears of the good group are jointly used as a male parent. Recurrent selection is carried out according to the scheme of the present invention, and each round can make the yield of the improved varieties and other beneficial characters of the improved varieties improved.

Description

Be exclusively used in the method for native maize varieties improvement

The present invention relates to the method that native maize varieties yield traits, tree characteristics, breeding time and resistance are improved, the method is the improvement of improvement head progeny row recurrent selection method.Improvement head progeny row recurrent selection method is, from an original native maize varieties colony, selects hundreds of of fine individual plant with range estimation, and next year is the first round, just these individual plant fruit ears must be put into respectively to three places and plant.One of them place, plant in isolated area, each fringe seed with these single fringes becomes corresponding head progeny row, be mixed into male parent seed from every fringe seed that takes a morsel again, then plant with the ratio of parent 3 row, male parent 1 row, while heading to blooming, whole tassels capable female parent are removed, solid for powder by male parent row.All the other 2 conducts are paid a little, still, with the head progeny row of the same quantity of principal point kind, do not establish and keep apart, also regardless of Parent head progeny row.When results, with reference to paying a some head progeny row plant phene, at principal point, by the 20% selection rate seed of selecting and remain, as the selection material of next round, each wheel all goes down like this later.

The Ameliorative character of aforementioned kind is divided into basic shape by the present invention, and first-shaped, secondary sexual character, within the first round, are carried out multi-level selection, and adopt on this basis the colony of artificialpollination to hand over mutually technology; Taking turns second is winter, adopts a ground plantation improvement colony, therefrom selects excellent, good, general three groups of individual plants, as the method for the selection material of next round; Again excellent, good, general three groups of individual plant kinds are become to head progeny row in third round, and get the seed of excellent group of each fruit ear equivalent and the equivalent seed of good group of fruit ear of part is made common male parent.By above-mentioned several improvement steps, reach and both ensure that the Ameliorative character of kind reaches predetermined target, can shorten again the improvement cycle of kind, more effectively improve the object of native maize varieties improved effect.

Method of the present invention is that the requirement of improving the breed by Ameliorative character is divided into basic shape, and the proterties that kind will retain, as grain look, grain type, disease-resistant, pest-resistant and resistant to lodging etc.; First-shaped, i.e. the plant phene in the time of infertility, as secondary sexual characters such as plant height, blade appearance, dual spike rate and ripe morning and evening, i.e. yield traits, three selection levels such as how many in the size of fringe, grain row, seed weight and fruit ear bract length.Within the first improvement cycle of kind, carry out successively the selection of these three levels, will bloom in plantation colony time, first select to possess the plant of basic shape, select again on this basis the plant that possesses first-shaped, then by select plant to put respectively female flower bag and male flower bag, when weaving silk loose powder, colony is divided into left and right two large divisions, with the bagging pollen that artificially collects the left side, and awarded on the female Honoka silk of the right bagging, simultaneously, to after the bagging pollen collecting of the right, award on the female Honoka silk of left side bagging, after pollination, will put by bag, the colony of this controlled pollination hands over mutually, the pollen that can prevent bad plant participates in pollination.In the time gathering in the crops, then require to select to reserve seed for planting in aforementioned bagging plant according to secondary sexual character, as the selection material of next round.It is winter that the present invention takes turns second, adopt a ground plantation improvement colony, in the time of results, according to the requirement of Ameliorative character, using the strain fringe that meets aforementioned three character requirements as excellent group, using the strain fringe that possesses two proterties wherein as good group, and using the strain fringe that only possesses a proterties as general group, and mark respectively, respectively after results as the selection material of next round.The present invention is next spring in third round, take turns by second the each group of fruit ear of selecting and remain again and plant into head progeny row and make parent, and take out equivalent seed from excellent group of each fruit ear, in the group of getting married and start a new life part fruit ear, take out equivalent seed as common male parent, the seed of general group fruit ear, is only used as maternal.

The present invention is compared with existing improvement head progeny row recurrent selection method, in to the first round of native maize varieties improvement, adopt the colony of multi-level selection and artificialpollination to hand over mutually technology, than improvement head progeny row recurrent selection method every take turns by 20% the disposable selection accuracy of selection rate high, can avoid some weak plants or the unhelpful plant of Ameliorative character is participated in to pollination, improve the restructuring of beneficial gene.Take turns and adopt a ground plantation improvement colony second, therefrom select excellent, good, general three groups of fruit ears as next round selection material, can make breed improvement carry out cross selection in winter, the identical area of weather in spring, take turns and become 1 year selection two-wheeled from selection one in original a year, thereby shorten the process of improvement.These characteristics is that improvement head progeny row recurrent selection method is not accomplished.From improved effect, (W.ACompton; KBahadur) result to Hays Golden breed improvement four-wheel of stating in " Crop Science " 1977.Vol.7.3.378-380, average every grain yield of taking turns improves 6%, but the relative moisture of seed also increases with average every ratio of 1.45% of taking turns, height of stachys position also increases with average every ratio of 2.87% of taking turns, and this is actually the prolongation of breeding time and the increase of plant height.The result of the yellow maize breed improvement four-wheel in scenic focal point of the present invention east, average every wheel of grain yield increases 4.87%, and the plant after improvement reduces by 10% than the plant before improveing, and does sth. in advance 3-4 days breeding time, and has retained grain look, grain type and the resistance of former kind.From two Analysis of Comprehensive Traits comparisons of improving the breed, the present invention is outstanding desirable to native maize varieties improved effect.

By embodiment of the present invention be first step: select fringe composition basic population.In the main place of production that will improve the breed, select representative plant 1500-2000 strain (fringe), after species test, at least 250 fringes of selecting and remain are as basic population.Second step: Second Year spring by least 250 fringes of selecting and remain number respectively, threshing, then order sowing, each fringe is broadcast a line, often walks to few 20 strains.When plant to be planted will be bloomed, according to Ameliorative character requirement, each head progeny row is selected, first select and meet the plant that basic shape requires, and then from these in roguing choosing there is the plant of first-shaped, respectively in select on plant and overlap male flower bag and female flower bag, roguing bagging number is at least more than 1000 strains.When plant to be planted is weaved silk loose powder, after all bagging pollen collectings in 1 to 125 head progeny row, award in to 126 to 250 head progeny rows on the female Honoka silk of all baggings, equally by after all bagging pollen collectings in 126 to 250 head progeny rows, award on the female Honoka silk of all baggings in to 1 to 125 head progeny row, after pollination, will put by sack, participate in pollination with the pollen of avoiding other plant.In the time that fruit ear is ripe, then according to the requirement of secondary sexual character, from bagging fruit ear, select, and by select fruit ear to gather in the crops specially, have 250 fringes at least, as the selection material of next round.Third step: select winter.At least 250 fruit ears selecting and remain by second step are numbered respectively to threshing, in a ground plantation.When sowing, will get the mixing of equivalent seed from each fruit ear and make common male parent, and by maternal three row, the ratio of male parent a line is broadcast into head progeny row, finishes successively 250 head progeny rows, often walks to few 20.In the time that tassel is bloomed, the male flower of all maternal row is removed, solid for powder by male parent row.When results, the strain fringe that meets aforementioned three character requirements is selected and remain as excellent group of fruit ear, the strain fringe that only possesses aforementioned two proterties is selected and remain as good group of fruit ear, the strain fringe that only possesses an aforementioned proterties is selected and remain as general group of fruit ear, each group of sum at least 250 fringes of selecting and remain, as the selection material of next round.The 4th step: in next spring, excellent at least 250 of selecting and remain by third step, good, general three groups of fruit ears are numbered respectively to threshing, then each fruit ear is divided into three parts.A copy of it is planted in isolated area, and when sowing, from excellent group of fruit ear, common male parent is made in every fringe taking-up equivalent seed and the mixing of good group of part fruit ear moderate seed, and by maternal two row, the ratio of male parent a line is planted into head progeny row.In the time that tassel is bloomed, whole male flowers capable female parent are removed, make male parent row solid for powder.All the other two parts of seeds, as paying point, are generally located in grown place, and only order is sowed 250 head progeny rows, regardless of father and mother's one's own profession, and reference while only selection as principal point.When results, according to the requirement of Ameliorative character, whole head progeny rows of 3 are carried out to field appraise, put evaluation result with reference to Second Mate, comprehensively determine 20% best head progeny row at principal point, then every row is selected at least 5 fringes, the fringe that makes to select and remain at least remains on 250 fruit ears, as the selection material of next round.The selection of each wheel later all intersects and carries out by the 3rd, the 4th step.Execute reality by the present invention program, the gain that can obtain the character improvement such as plant and grain yield is taken turns in every selection one.

Claims (4)

1. the method for pair native maize varieties improvement, is to select hundred of good single spike numbers by ocular estimate from native maize varieties plantation colony, is planted into head progeny row the coming year, carrying out colony hands over mutually, improve the breed to obtain, it is characterized in that, breed improvement proterties is divided into basic shape (grain look, grain type, disease resistance, resistance to insects, resistant to lodging etc.), first-shaped (plant height, blade appearance, dual spike rate and maturation are sooner or later etc.), secondary sexual character (fruit ear size, grain row is how many, seed weight and fruit ear bract length etc.) three select level, within the first round of breed improvement, first from plantation colony, select the plant that meets basic shape, select again on the basis of last middle roguing by the requirement of first-shaped, and middle roguing is for the second time put respectively to male flower bag and female flower bag, adopt the colony of artificialpollination to hand over mutually to colony on this basis, finally in the middle roguing that meets aforementioned two proterties, select again by secondary sexual character requirement, take turns and adopt a ground plantation improvement colony second, and therefrom select and meet basic shape, first-shaped, the strain fringe that secondary sexual character requires is as excellent group.Then select the strain fringe that meets two character requirements as good group, finally using the strain fringe that only possesses a character requirement as general group, from excellent group of fruit ear, take out equivalent seed and good group of part fruit ear equivalent seed in third round as common male parent, remainder is made the seed of maternal head progeny row, general group fruit ear is only used as maternal, does not participate in doing male parent seed.

2. according to claim 1 roguing in is for the second time put respectively to male flower bag and female flower bag, it is characterized in that at least 1000 strains of bagging number.

According to claim 1 in the second polling preferentially, when good, general three groups of fruit ears, it is characterized in that, three groups of fruit ears sum of selecting and remain must not be less than 250.

4. the colony to colony's employing artificialpollination according to claim 1 hands over mutually, it is characterized in that, in the time that colony blooms, whole plant are divided into two parts that head progeny row equates, when weaving silk loose powder, collect respectively the pollen of the right and left bagging, then the pollen of left side collection is awarded on the female filigree of the right bagging, the pollen of equally the right being collected is awarded on the female filigree of left side bagging.