CN86105244A - 吹塑薄膜的制备方法 - Google Patents

吹塑薄膜的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN86105244A
CN86105244A CN86105244.7A CN86105244A CN86105244A CN 86105244 A CN86105244 A CN 86105244A CN 86105244 A CN86105244 A CN 86105244A CN 86105244 A CN86105244 A CN 86105244A
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西奥多勒斯·雅各布斯·范·德·莫伦
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    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/022—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the choice of material
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
    • B29C48/0019—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by flattening, folding or bending
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B29C48/10—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels flexible, e.g. blown foils
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
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    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
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Abstract

以具有密度低于910kg/m3的聚乙烯为基质的吹塑薄膜是通过在模口间隙处的熔体温度最高为160℃时挤出熔融聚合物组合物制备的，模口宽度最小1mm，将熔融聚合物吹成气球，冷却，摺平和卷挠。这样制备的薄膜具有改善了的机械和光学性能。

Description

本发明是关于一种以聚乙烯为基质的聚合物组合物的吹塑薄膜制备方法，其中聚合物的组合物在熔融状态下通过挤出机的环形模口由经环形模口内一个出口的气体吹成一个气球，然后成形气球的聚合物组合物被冷却摺平和卷挠。
这种制备吹塑薄膜的方法本身是众所周知的，如在“Petrothene    Polyolenfins……a    Processing    guide”中所述（Nationl    Distillers    and    Chemical    Corporation    出版，1971第4版）。
从低密度聚乙烯制成的吹塑薄膜，大规模用于包装材料上，包装材料必须具备的机械性，抗撕裂性，抗拉强度，抗穿刺性等。根据用途在光学性质方面须具有低透明性，低遮光性和高光泽性。
例如加工成垃圾袋的薄膜必须具有良好的抗穿刺性和抗撕裂性，而载物袋的薄膜还必须具有高度抗挠性，用于面包的包装则特别须具抗挠性和光学性能。
从“Petrothene    Polyolefins……a    processing    guide”一书中得知，当聚合物熔体在尽可能高的温度下加工时会获得最佳的光学性质，并不排除温度高达205℃。其中决定机械性能的因素之一是熔体的取向度。
最近一项从低密度聚乙烯制备吹塑薄膜的发展技术是所谓长轴挤出（Long-stalk    extrusion），此方法在“Plastics    World”，（June    1982，pp.62-64，）中已介绍，由一种具有低熔体指数的低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）在190℃的温度下经过一个具有超高度冻深线（frost    line），宽度为1.1mm的模口加工，冻深线的高度是指环形模口和冻深线间的矩离。
长轴挤出和一般挤出主要不同之处是在于熔体取向平衡度，其结果是使长轴长吹塑制备的薄膜比一般的吹塑薄膜具有较好的冲击强度。但有一缺点，就是抗挠性和撕裂强度明显减弱，沿机械方向的这种性能更差，另外不可能用这种方法将线性低密度聚乙烯加工成薄膜。
一个时期以来对所谓的线性低密度聚乙烯，即乙烯和一种或多种C3-C18的1-烯烃的共聚物越来越感兴趣，最近特别对低于910kg/m3的超低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）感兴趣。这种超低密度聚乙烯可以根据如英国专利NO.1235062所介绍的方法来制备。
一种将线性低密度聚乙烯制备成吹塑薄膜的方法在欧洲专利申请51358中已有介绍。此法所用的模口间隙为0.4-5mm。但此法只是涉及一种具有密度高于910kg/m3的乙烯一碳氢化合物的共聚体其熔融温度约162至260℃。
本发明的目的是提供一种适合于密度低于910kg/m3的聚乙烯为基质的聚合物组合物制备吹塑薄膜的方法，而所制得的薄膜有良好的机械性能，很高的抗挠性，良好的抗撕裂性和光学性质。
将熔融聚合物在间隙最少为1mm的模口处熔体温度最高为160℃下进行加工可得所需产品。根据本发明的条件进行加工时，聚合物组合物意外地发生特别取向作用，使得薄膜具有良好的机械性能，如良好的抗撕裂强度，高抗挠性等。这种作用是在模口处的熔体温度低于150℃时增加的，所以最好在低于150℃下加工，特别是低于140℃更好。
本发明亦涉及取向薄膜，薄膜的取向方向度可用X射线衍射分析测定。这方法可获得薄膜结晶部分的取向资料。对没有取向的薄膜，X射线在各方向上都均匀散射。对于取向薄膜，散射强度决定于方向，结果强度有起伏变化。取向作用以最大强度和最少强度之比率Imax/min及平均分子取向与挤出方向的夹角（α）来表示。这些都可通过X射线衍射进行分析。根据本发明制取的取向薄膜Imax/min≥20和α≤15°，特别是Imax/min≥50。
根据本发明，适合制备吹塑薄膜的聚合物组合物最好具有密度高于880kg/m3。如乙烯和一种或多种C3-C18的1-烯烃作为共聚物单体的共聚物。亦可是由聚乙烯的均聚物和（或）具有密度高于910kg/m3的共聚物的混合物。或如高密度聚乙烯（密度高于940kg/m3和（或）聚丙烯的混合物都会得到良好的结果。低密度聚乙烯均聚物，高密度乙烯和（或）聚丙烯的混合物最好含有最少为聚合物重量50%的密度低于910kg/m3的聚乙烯，特别是最少为70%。为了制备具有良好光学性质的薄膜，最好用超低密度聚乙烯和具有密度910-940kg/m3的乙烯均聚物的混合物。
各种添加剂，如稳定剂，润滑剂，填料剂，色料，腊，及抗熔体破坏的氟碳弹性体等。一般来说添加来剂的重量不超过聚合物重量20%，最好不超过10%。
根据ASTM（美国材料试验标准），D1238的标准，测定这些聚合物组合物的熔体指数具有通常值，如0.3和100dg/min之间。然而对于低加工温度。最好选择熔体指数不低于1dg/min。当熔体指数高于75dg/min时，由低温加工及大模口间隙所带来的良好机械性能会下降，最佳熔体指数最高为50dg/min。
本发明的优点是虽然聚合物组合物有较高的熔体指数，但仍可加工成具有良好机械性能的吹塑薄膜。
另一优点是不需要扩展设备就可获得高取向性的薄膜。
本发明之优点是可用1mm间隙的模口，但较大的模口如5或10mm亦可使用，同时亦可能用各种几何形状的模口。现已表明当模口间隙最小为5mm，特别最小为3mm时薄膜的机械性能会得到改善。
较大的模口间隙和低加工温度相结合会获得更好的机械性能，如良好的抗挠性及抗撕裂性。
在吹塑薄膜挤出时在环形模口处熔融的聚合物组合物被吹胀，所成的气球和比较冷的空气或水接触而被冷却。调节冷却温度，就可影响聚合物熔体经环形模口出口后至固化前的矩离，这种转移的位置叫冻深线模口和冻深线的距离叫冻深线高在一些情形里可以见到冻深线像一条环形带围绕着气球，在另外一些情况中冻深线是看不见的，后者冻深线的定义可以看作是气球最末端直径的地方。
根据本发明的方法，冻深线以低为佳。
气球直径和环形模口直径之比叫吹胀比，它的值可从1至6，但一般为1.5至4。根据本发明的方法，应用此数值会得到良好效果。
作为包装用的薄膜往往不仅需要一定的机械性能，而且要一定的光学性能，当以具有熔体数至少为2dg/min，特别是最少为4dg/min的聚合体组成物作原料时，薄膜的光学性能会得到改善。
本发明的方法特别适合于制备单层薄膜，但亦可用于制备多层薄膜。
本发明通过下述实例加以阐明，这表明了本发明导致抗挠性的改善（通过高弹性模数反映出来）和抗撕裂性及光学性质的改善。
实施例和比较实施例1至9
吹塑薄膜根据表中的条件制备。所用聚合物组合物是：
A.乙烯，和辛烯-1的共聚物，其密度为903kg/m3，熔体指数为3dg/min。
B.A的聚合物，和总聚合物组成重量35%的密度为923kg/m3和熔体指数为4dg/min的乙烯均聚物的混合物。
C.A的聚合物，和总聚合物组成重量40%的密度为921kg/m3和熔体指数为16dg/min的乙烯均聚物的混合物。
用具有螺杆直径为60mm，长度/直径比率为25∶1的Troester压出机，环形模口直径为10cm。
模口熔体的温度通过电偶测定，薄膜进行如下性质测定：
弹性模数    按ASTM    D1922测定;
屈服强度和抗拉强度    按ISO（国际标准化组织标准）R527;测定;
抗穿刺强度    测量一个以50mm/min速度穿刺通薄膜的冲杆所需的能量来确定。
切口抗撕裂强度根据DIN（联邦德国工业标准）53363法测定，但切口需在薄膜中央，拉伸速度为2.5cm/min;
光泽    根据    ASTM    D    53.3测定;
遮光性    根据    ASTM    D    1003测定;
透明性    根据    Electro    Evans    Ltd.方法测定;
X射线衍射测量用CUK    α辐射，（50KV，35mA，Ni-滤光片）和一部Statton照相机，用平行底片辐射，样品一底片距离为5cm，底片的光密度测定是通过沿着环形带M及α方向的直径来进行。用一光密度计扫描，光强度的变化记录下来为X射线衍射角函数。为此目的使用Enraf    Nonius显微光密度计1型，此方法在C.G.Vonk    &    A.P.Pijpers的论文J.APPL.Cryst.，14，8，（1981）中已介绍。用无晶型背景辐射校对。
在欧洲专利申请156130中采用了同一方法。
注：
1.没有测量。
2.由于高度遮光性，透明性不能被可靠的方法测定。
3.若强度比率max/min≥10，α才能通过可靠的途径规定。
4.强度比率max/min100代表∞，这是由于最少强度值很小的原因。
Figure 86105244_IMG1

Claims (15)

1、一种以聚乙烯为基质的聚合物组合物的吹塑薄膜制备方法，该聚乙烯的密度低于910kg/m3，其中聚合物的组合物在熔融状态下，由挤出机通过一个宽度最少为1mm的环形模口间隙，熔体在模口处的温度最高为160℃由环形模口内一个开口供气，吹成一个气球，然后形成气球的聚合物组合物被冷却摺平和卷挠。
2、根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于聚合物组合物在模口间隙处的熔体温度低于150℃下被加工。
3、根据权利要求2的方法，其特征在于聚合物组合物在模口间隙处的熔体温度低于140℃下被加工。
4、根据权利要求1-3的方法，其特征在于所用聚合物组合物具有熔体指数在1和100dg/min之间。
5、根据权利要求4的方法，其特征在于所用聚合物组合物具有熔体指数在2和75dg/min之间。
6、根据权利要求5的方法，其特征在于所用聚合物组合物具有熔体指数在4和50dg/min之间。
7、根据权利要求1-6的方法，其特征在于模口间隙最小为2mm最大为5mm。
8、根据权利要求7的方法，其特征在于模口间隙最小为3mm。
9、根据权利要求1-8的方法，其特征在于制备单层薄膜。
10、根据权利要求1-9的方法，其特征在于用以乙烯和一种或多种含3-18个碳原子的1-烯烃的共聚物为基质的聚合物组合物。
11、根据权利要求10的方法，其特征在于采用乙烯和一种或多种含6-12个碳原子的1-烯烃的共聚物。
12、包含权利要求1-11所制薄膜的物品。
13、以聚乙烯为基质的聚合物所制备的薄膜，该聚乙烯密度低于910kg/m3，其中X射线衍射分析表明其具有强度比率1max/min≥20，聚合物分子平均取向与薄膜挤出方向的夹角α≤15°。
14、根据权利要求13的薄膜，其强度比率Imax/min≤50。
15、包含权利要求14或15的薄膜的物品。
CN86105244A 1985-08-06 1986-08-05 吹塑薄膜的制备方法 Expired CN1010568B (zh)

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CN106604951A (zh) * 2014-03-27 2017-04-26 拉伯拉菲喜安有限公司 双轴延展聚合物膜、包括其的簇绒地毯及它们的制造方法

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CN1331655C (zh) * 2002-08-30 2007-08-15 可乐丽股份有限公司 吹塑薄膜的生产方法
CN106604951A (zh) * 2014-03-27 2017-04-26 拉伯拉菲喜安有限公司 双轴延展聚合物膜、包括其的簇绒地毯及它们的制造方法

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FI84991B (fi) 1991-11-15
CA1254710A (en) 1989-05-30
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FI84991C (fi) 1992-02-25
DK163216C (da) 1992-07-13
DK368386A (da) 1987-02-07
JPS6297823A (ja) 1987-05-07
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EP0213663B1 (en) 1989-11-15
TR23235A (tr) 1989-07-01
NO863167L (no) 1987-02-09
US4820471A (en) 1989-04-11
NL8502190A (nl) 1987-03-02
DK163216B (da) 1992-02-10
DK368386D0 (da) 1986-08-01
AU579021B2 (en) 1988-11-10
FI863202A (fi) 1987-02-07
CN1010568B (zh) 1990-11-28
NO863167D0 (no) 1986-08-05
EP0213663A1 (en) 1987-03-11
ATE47978T1 (de) 1989-12-15
NZ217083A (en) 1987-10-30

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