CN86104059B - 有高温涂层的玻璃纤维 - Google Patents

有高温涂层的玻璃纤维 Download PDF

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CN86104059B
CN86104059B CN86104059A CN86104059A CN86104059B CN 86104059 B CN86104059 B CN 86104059B CN 86104059 A CN86104059 A CN 86104059A CN 86104059 A CN86104059 A CN 86104059A CN 86104059 B CN86104059 B CN 86104059B
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coating
fiber
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described glass
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CN86104059A (zh
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迪帕克·兰金·比斯瓦斯
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Alcatel USA Corp
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G02OPTICS
    • G02BOPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/4436Heat resistant
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10Coating
    • C03C25/104Coating to obtain optical fibres
    • C03C25/106Single coatings
    • C03C25/1061Inorganic coatings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03CCHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C25/00Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
    • C03C25/10Coating
    • C03C25/104Coating to obtain optical fibres
    • C03C25/106Single coatings
    • C03C25/1061Inorganic coatings
    • C03C25/1063Metals
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N30/00Investigating or analysing materials by separation into components using adsorption, absorption or similar phenomena or using ion-exchange, e.g. chromatography or field flow fractionation
    • G01N30/02Column chromatography
    • G01N30/60Construction of the column
    • G01N30/6052Construction of the column body
    • G01N30/6073Construction of the column body in open tubular form
    • G01N30/6078Capillaries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/294Coated or with bond, impregnation or core including metal or compound thereof [excluding glass, ceramic and asbestos]
    • Y10T428/2956Glass or silicic fiber or filament with metal coating

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Abstract

在实心或空心玻璃纤维外表面涂上一层金属、合金或介电材料的涂层。涂有涂层的玻璃纤维可耐受300℃以上,甚至500℃的温度。涂层是使用汽相反应的方法在玻璃纤维表面沉积而成。

Description

有高温涂层的玻璃纤维
本发明是美国专利申请NO.580,280的部分继续,一九八四年二月十七日提交的美国专利申请NO.580,280是一九八二年五月二十八日提交的美国专利申请NO.382,856的部分继续,该美国专利申请现在已放弃了。
本发明主要涉及玻璃纤维,特别是涉及涂有耐温,高强度涂层材料的实心光导纤维,空心纤维和毛细管。
玻璃纤维的用途很广泛,如在纤维光学中,光导玻璃纤维能以光的形式来传递声音,信息和数据信号。这类光导纤维有一个二氧化硅芯,在外表面包裹折射率较低的二氧化硅,而它们的直径常为125微米,但有时也使用直径稍大或稍小的纤维。这类纤维常涂有合成材料涂层,以防止玻璃表面的磨损和易于搬动。但这种合成材料难以耐受超过约为200℃至约为300℃的持续高温。在那些需要耐受较高温度的应用中,纤维则通过浸涂工艺而涂上金属层。见八四年二月二日公布的美国专利4,432,606,这一金属涂层已经用浸涂工艺实现,具有这种涂层的纤维能耐受高达约500℃的温度。
玻璃纤维的另一个使用实例为,空心玻璃纤维或毛细管在气相色谱方面的应用。在上面提到的应用中,这种纤维的直径也是较小的。并要经受环境的腐蚀和耐受超过300℃的温度。另外,空心纤维和毛细管强度要高,要能缠绕在一个一定直径的线轴上而不断裂,用一种较大直径的管拉成直径较小的空心纤维或毛细管,以缩小其横截面积,在缩小了横截面积的纤维或毛细管上涂上一层合成材料以增加纤维的强度和便于缠绕在线轴上。同上述涂有聚合物的光导纤维一样,制得的空心纤维或毛细管不能持续耐受超过约为300℃的温度。因此,其用途受到限制。
本发明的目的是要提供一种具有相对高强度,并能耐受相对持续高温的实心或空心玻璃纤维,这种高温至少超过300℃,甚至最好超过500℃。
要达到上述要求,可通过汽相反应,在实心或空心玻璃纤维外表面涂上一层涂层,用于制作涂层的材料是从包括金属,合金或介电材料中选出的。
为更好地理解本发明,现结合对附图的说明给出对本发明的有关实施例的详细说明。
图1是本发明涂有涂层的光导纤维的截面图。
图2是本发明涂有涂层的空心纤维或毛细管的截面图。
图1所示为一种实心光导纤维(10),其用途是在纤维光导系统中以光的形式传递声音,信息及数字信号,光导纤维(10)是常规的包括一个掺杂熔融的二氧化硅芯(12)和一个掺杂或不掺杂的二氧化硅包层(14)。
在传统使用中的包层(14)比二氧化硅芯的折射率低,能使光通过纤维被传播。适合芯体用的掺杂剂,包括锗磷材料或凡能提高二氧化硅芯的折射率的任何材料。适合涂层的掺杂剂包括氟或其他能降低二氧化硅折射率的材料。通常用于纤维光学方面的纤维直径都很小,约为100~150微米数量级。
包层(14)外面是一层密封的金属,合金或其他介电材料的涂层(16,涂层(16)外面再没有其他涂层,所以涂层16是纤维上唯一涂层。用作涂层材料的金属或介电材料,要选择能耐受300℃以上温度而又不受损的材料,换言之,涂层材料的熔点应超过300℃以上。这类金属材料有铝(Al)、镍(Ni)、硅(Si)、钛(Ti)、铜(Cu)、钨(W)和钼(Mo),这类介电材料有氮化硅(Si3N4),氧化锡(SnO2),氮化硼(BN),二氧化钛(TiO2),三氧化二铝(Al2O3),氮氧化硅(Si-O-N)碳化硅(SiC)和碳化硼(BC)施加涂层应该用一种不减弱纤维强度的方法进行。在我的一个美国专利申请NO.580,280或84年8月24日申请的NO.644,305共同待批专利申请中,我描述过在光导纤维表面涂以密封涂层这一工艺过程。上述两个专利申请在此用来作为参照资料,说明在玻璃纤维上用异质核化热化学沉淀工艺(HNTD)涂以金属,合金或介电材料的工艺过程。这是一个汽相反应,在此过程中,纤维表面加热到预先确定的温度,并置于反应剂气体中,使纤维表面发生化学反应,从而使涂层材料直接沉淀在纤维表面。本发明中经过涂涂层后的纤维与上述共同待批专利申请中提到的经过涂涂层后的纤维之不同点是:本发明的纤维外表面没有第二层合成材料的涂层。
实例1.按上面提到的美国专利申请NO.644,305中所述方法,一种单模光纤涂有镍(Ni),另一种这样的光纤涂有铝(Al),铝的反应物为三异丁基铝和异丁烯,反应温度为260℃;镍的反应物为羰基镍,反应温度为200℃。
实例2.在光导纤维上涂以氧化锡介电材料涂层,纤维表面温度约为500℃,使用四甲基锡和氧参加的化学汽相沉积(CVD)反应。
图二说明了空心光导纤维或毛细管(18)外部密封涂层(16)的用途。毛细管(18)是由适当的玻璃材料,制成适当的内外径。所谓“适当的”可认为是视所涂的纤维管的用途而定的。单层密封涂层(16)是在空心管(18)的外表面沉积而成。上述光导纤维(10)是用较大的实心预成型料拉小的。同样,这些空心纤维管也是用较大直径的管子拉成较小直径的管子。因此,空心纤维或毛细管表面涂层的沉积过程与上述专利申请和共同待批专利申请中所描述的相同。
作为实例,铝,镍和氧化锡作为涂层材料已用上述对于光导纤维相同的方式施加于空心纤维和毛细管,此外,用作空心纤维或纤维管涂层材料的合金例如已有铁(Fe),铬(Cr),钴(Co)在镍中的合金。
上面已对本发明的两种实例进行了描述,因此不难理解本发明的工艺过程,只要不违背本发明所附权利要求书的实质精神和所提范围还可由本技术领域中的技术人员做许多改进和变化。

Claims (8)

1、一种增强纤维包括一个有外表面的玻璃纤维,以及在该外表面上涂有的单一气密涂层,所述外表面上的涂层之熔点在300℃以上,其特征在于:
所述在纤维表面上的涂层包括一种通过气相反应而形成的材料,所述材料选自一组金属,金属合金及氮化合物介电材料。
2、按权利要求1所述玻璃纤维和涂层的组合,其中汽相反应是在所说的纤维外表面上进行的。
3、按权利要求1所述玻璃纤维和涂层的组合,其中所用涂层材料可选自由下列材料:铝、镍、硅、钛、铜、钨、、氧化锡、氮化硅、氮化硼、氧化钛、氧化铝、氮氧化硅、碳化硅和碳化硼组成的这个组。
4、按权利要求1所述玻璃纤维和涂层的组合,其中所说的涂层材料的熔点在500℃以上。
5、按权利要求1所述玻璃纤维和涂层的组合,其中所说的介电材料包括金属的氧化物、氮化物和碳化物。
6、按权利要求1所述玻璃纤维和涂层的组合,其中所说的纤维为实心的纤维。
7、按权利要求1所述玻璃纤维和涂层的组合,其中所说的纤维为空心的纤维。
CN86104059A 1985-06-17 1986-06-12 有高温涂层的玻璃纤维 Expired CN86104059B (zh)

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CN86104059A (zh) 1986-12-17
AU5843086A (en) 1986-12-24
US4750806A (en) 1988-06-14
ES556070A0 (es) 1988-03-01
EP0206721A1 (en) 1986-12-30
ES8801882A1 (es) 1988-03-01
JPS61292607A (ja) 1986-12-23

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