CN86102735A

CN86102735A - Small-sized cultivation of plants basin

Info

Publication number: CN86102735A
Application number: CN198686102735A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 迈克尔·兰克
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1985-03-22
Filing date: 1986-03-21
Publication date: 1987-01-28
Also published as: AU5778386A; WO1986005355A1; IL78151A0; EP0250435A1

Abstract

This cultivation tray is used for cultivating dwarf plant.It comprises a cultivation container that is placed in the container.Cultivate container by soft elastic material, make as foamed material or rubber.Cultivate the cultivation chamber that has a volume suitably dwindle in the container.The bottom surface of container is equipped with a multi-hole plugin that supplies water to plant.Plug-in unit passes the opening part of cultivating container.Water is contained in the gap between two containers.Plug-in unit can be permeable, and it is continuous controllable with flow giving and cultivating that the chamber supplies water.As the soft elastic material of cultivating container can absorb and discharge some moisture, the impermeable stratum that its outer surface can have one deck waterproof to run off, and it can also prevent that thick root from passing and cultivate the container growth.

Description

Small-sized cultivation of plants basin

The present invention is that it comprises a cultivation container owing to cultivate the cultivation tray of dwarf plant, and cultivating has a cultivation chamber in the container, and the volumetric ratio in this chamber provides the required volume of nutrition base little for full grown plant.

At United States Patent (USP) 4,098, a kind of cultivation tray is disclosed in 021, this invention is to come limiting plant growth to stop the method for the growth of volume root simultaneously again in very little basin plant cultivation about a kind of, in other words, this kind method can make root grow than near-earth lastingly and from the face of land, and does not further form the radicula of sufficient amount.This patent of invention is spoken of, and this method that prevents to roll up root growth is to assign to work by the peristome on the small size chamber wall, A/F is in 0.05 to 0.3 millimeter scope, can prevent basically that root system of plant from passing this mouthful growth, can flow to root system to nutrient again simultaneously.This container should be surrounded by nutriment.This invention can make plant obtain the nutriment of a part of growth needs by tiny root hair from nutriment on every side.Suppress root owing to will seek nutrient elsewhere and coil and tie or curling the growth by this method.But experience shows that this aperture size of opening is enough to prevent that root system from passing the opening growth, but too small openings can not suppress to roll up the growth of root again, makes root system formation dish knot shape, and this is the same just as the situation without any opening on the wall.

The method also has other weak point, be this patent disclosed what play a major role is these openings, opening diameter is between 0.05 to 0.3 millimeter, they can not form obstruction, therefore need constantly to check the situation of cultivating container, or should clear up or replace this basin in case of necessity.And the material of cultivating container answers strictness to choose, and not so owing to having lost the undue growth that the inhibitory action of root is caused root, thereby makes container that too early danger of breaking be arranged.Each container also must be made with anti-corrosion material, the most handy stainless (steel) wire.This material is somewhat expensive, also is difficult to sometimes get.

An approach that addresses this problem is to use a kind of cultivation tray, and a special internal openings structure is arranged in this basin, makes cultivation tray can cultivate the plant of permanent dwarfing, and Here it is, and so-called potted landscape is set.With plant in the earth that contains moisture and nutriment, take root the growth the same, it also can be taken root in suitable matrix.Cultivating container can be made of porous materials, as fire clay, cultivation container in the cultivation tray is to be placed on like this in the outer container, promptly cultivate between the inner surface of the outer surface of container and container and leave the certain intermediate space in gap, like this water and dissolving or undissolved nutriment be injected in this space, see through the porous material of cultivating container, moisture is provided for the matrix of cultivating in the container, so formed space plays a part supply and stores moisture and any nutriment that is dissolved in the water between the inner surface of cultivation container outer surface and outer container.

But it is found that, can produce some problems by cultivating wall of a container supply nutriment, such as, when supplying nutriment by the cultivation wall of a container, having only when cultivating has very coarse loose structure just possible on the wall of a container, this has just limited the selectivity to Available Material.And, if hole gets clogged, also have problems probably.In addition, also has the preferential problem that nutriment is supplied in the bottom in any slit on wall.The width in this slit on wall is especially little, and it can be separated nutriment from the space of centre, and it is excessive so just to have produced partial fertilizer, even bright root hair.Actual tests shows widely, if cultivate between container and the container only as the usefulness that stores moisture, and nutriment directly applies in the cultivation container, just apply the top rather than side of matrix, this may bring certain benefit, and no longer impose any restrictions being used for doing the material behavior of cultivating container this moment, only needs material to have certain hole, therefore only need guarantee fully moistening just much of thatly with the water in the intermediate space, and needn't guarantee to import nutriment by wall.

In addition, people are also noted that, cultivating the plant lower to water demand, for example during Indian fig, or under the situation that moisture can not evaporate rapidly, the water content from the nutrient solution that the top applies just enough provides required moisture, need not supply water in addition, there is no need in the gap, to store water, thereby may save an additional container.

Another original cultivation tray that proposes comprises a cultivation container that does not use container, one deck watertight composition is arranged, preferably the cover layer of non-proliferation on its lateral surface.On the outer bottom of basin, between cover layer and tub wall, preferably there is not the gap.Cover layer can be the glaze layer, and it can make the plant few to water demand, and for example Indian fig or other similar plant grow satisfactorily.Because moisture exists with the form of nutrient solution, it directly is fed to from above in the special matrix.

But problem just may produce when cultivating water demand plant how, and those do not have the people of horticulture brains can influence the growth of plant because there not being regular watering in right amount.And up to the present the cultivation tray known to also must have the manufacturing process of elaborate, U.S. Patent number 4,098, and the method for 021 described this type of basin of manufacturing comes to this.Owing to will open aperture on sheet steel or other similar thing, so will adopt special technique, processing result is the same with people's expectation always not.

But when adopting the clay basin have the slit or other analog, if thinner at the slit region wall thickness, manufacturing process acquires a certain degree of difficulty.The simplest way is to crack on the suitable wall of thickness, for example, crack within the thickness of wall, but this requires actual wall thickness to increase.Except the weight increase of container, the material of producing container also needs to increase in large quantities.

Therefore, an object of the present invention is to design a kind of cultivation tray of specific type, this cultivation tray relatively is suitable for producing in enormous quantities.

Further purpose of the present invention is to design the lighter cultivation tray of a kind of weight.

This specification hereinafter will narrate how to realize these or other purpose.In cultivating container, soft and resilient material to be housed, as soft foamed material, rubber or other similar material.A large amount of practices show that this soft elastic material is influential to the root expansion of the plant of cultivation, and it is similar to slit root resistance effect, can successfully prevent to roll up the growth of root or helical form root, turns out permanent dwarf plant.Cultivating container can all manufacture with soft elastic material, is a kind of suitable production in enormous quantities and the very cheap commodity of cost, just can produce with traditional foamed material cast molding device.Cultivate the very light in weight of container, improve the intensity of cultivating container as needs, weight may suitably increase.

Although the exhibition patent specification 2 of Germany, 434, proposed to adopt the cultivation tray that has flexible liner in 538, the foamed material that a large amount of pores are arranged as employing, this invention disclosed be to make the lining of cultivation tray inner surface with not only thin but also soft sponge layer, make the normal plants of being cultivated obtain the most strong the fastest growth.Soft sponge layer can also store water and oxygen, so it plays a part water storage and storage oxygen.This Germany puts on display in the patent specification and speaks of, and this lining can stop the expansion of the tip of a root, and does not produce the volume root, and root only absorbs water and oxygen from the foamed material that has pore that touches.

On the other hand, according to the present invention, the storage capacity of this soft elastic material is unimportant, it in addition can be fluid-tight.

And in fact the cultivation chamber that provides according to method of the present invention is too little to normal plant growing.Cultivate the chamber and surrounded by soft elastic material, general root hair is worn not saturating this wall, and wall is because touching of root hair made certain deformation simultaneously.Touch the intrinsic path institute " upset " in root fleece flexible wall surface of flexible wall, can not cause that the root hair develops to the side, if wall is firm indeformable, the root hair will be to lateral growth so.Thick root may penetrate the flexible wall surface, and the part that penetrates does not have the growth of root hair basically, and the root hair has been suppressed in soft material.Thereby, according to purpose of the present invention, do not adopt the soft foamed material of the porous with storage capacity to store moisture and oxygen.On the contrary, with soft and flexible and general fluid-tight lining, it provides the soft elastic surface with certain mechanical property can for cultivation chamber perisporium.This cultivates the chamber can not be too big, otherwise can cause plant normal growth, and do not reach the purpose of dwarfing.

Further feature of the present invention is mentioned in the claims.

This soft elastic material is fluid-tight basically, therefore needn't adopt special method to avoid the loss of water.Yet material can have the ability that stores water, and it still plays the function of " path ".

Soft elastic material preferably is placed in the fluid-tight container, like this, cultivation tray is surrounded by solid shell, might and cultivate at container to form a gap between the container or claim intermediate space, it plays the liquid storage effect, and the number of times that waters to plant might be reduced.

According to a further general feature of the present invention, a kind of device can be arranged, it is continuous making and flow to the water of cultivating in the chamber from the gap and flow is adjustable, thereby keeps the skin wet and can change with condition.

The water supply installation that this flow is adjustable is a kind of porous body, and it passes the cultivation wall of a container and extends internally, and this porous body is combined closely with cultivating the chamber.Water flows into porous body and permeates porous material the gap between container and cultivation container, is discharged into continuously and lentamente then in the matrix of cultivating in the chamber.The flow that water sees through porous body depends on the water absorbing capacity of cultivating matrix in the chamber.In other words, when kind had the matrix of plant more dried, it is very fast that porous body discharges moisture.When matrix was relatively moister, it is just slower that porous body discharges moisture.Combine closely at flowing water passage place owing to cultivate container and porous body, can prevent that sealing flows directly into matrix from the gap, thereby can prevent to soak and flood plant or water plant is excessive.

According to a further general feature of the present invention, porous body stretches out from the inner surface of container, is preferably in the place, bottom and stretches out, and porous body can be in aggregates with the container die casting like this.The overall structure of porous body and container can be brought advantage easy to process.And on the other hand, the ridge that porous body constitutes must make the release surface of water increase.It is favourable that ridge is set on lower surface, because the water level in the gap increases head or head pressure effect in the porous body, thereby has strengthened the ability that water permeates in matrix.

Can make porous body the shape of truncated cone, this has brought convenience to processing again.As can mass-producted parts the time, it is convenient that porous body more seems when taking out from mold.In addition, this frustoconical shape makes the cultivation container be easy to be put in the container and goes, and also makes simultaneously to cultivate wall of a container with forming reliable the sealing between the porous body that penetrates wall.Can between cultivation container bottom and container bottom, provide one group to isolate cushion block, thereby between two bottom surfaces, form second gap, also can inject water in this gap, the circumferential surface of porous body is constantly surrounded by water, this has just increased the water supply to matrix again.For need be than the pot plant of juicy, this benefit be particularly evident.

Container can be made of porous materials, preferably fire clay.If do not isolate cushion block between at the bottom of two basins, just seem particularly useful with porous material.Because in this case, the porous material that flow only by container of water between from the gap to the porous body carries out.Container can be manufactured by resin, and its advantage is that cost reduces, weight saving.

The further details of cultivation tray of the present invention, feature and advantage will be described by the various embodiment of following cultivation tray and with reference to accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is the profile that the hatching I-I from Fig. 3 intercepts, and represents a cultivation tray of manufacturing by the inventive method.From the side and the left and right sides of cultivation tray, its section is inequality, and it expresses the various possible improvement that the present invention does cultivation tray.

Fig. 2 is the enlarged drawing of the bottom center part of cultivation tray shown in Figure 1, the just part of drawing a circle on Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is the top plan view of the cultivation tray manufactured according to method of the present invention.

Referring now to Fig. 1, represent the embodiment of a cultivation tray 2 among the figure, shown the chief component of cultivation tray: container 4 and cultivation container 6.Cultivating container 6 is placed in the container 4, gapped or title intermediate space 12 between the periphery wall surface 8 of cultivation container 6 and the internal perisporium surface 10 of container 4, this gap 12 provides water space, supply water to the plant of cultivating 16 by water supply installation 14, water supply installation will describe in detail hereinafter.

The material behavior of cultivating container 6 is significant to the present invention, and this will mention in the back.If it is permeable cultivating the material of container 6, can be with a cover layer 8 ' prevent undesirable infiltration and saturating nutrients passage.If necessary, cover layer is added on the sidewall surfaces 8.Cover layer 8 ' can be made up of firm material forms a perisporium, also can be the cover layer of cultivating container bottoms.Especially when cultivation container 6 mechanical support during at outer surface 8, cover layer 8 ' paint coating or paint film is just enough.If the material of cultivation container 6 can absorb enough moisture and store, gap 12 is unwanted so.With regard to can be commercial gardening with this simplest situation of basin, cultivate container 6 and can be only make or have only one deck watertight composition just enough above it by abundant waterproof materials.

Plant 16 takes root in cultivating chamber 18, and in the present embodiment, cultivating the chamber is in cultivating container 6, the solid matrix that it is suitable to pack in the inside, and for example clay particle, volcanic ash, sand or other similar thing, plant 16 right over there forms root bunches 20.

The volume of cultivating chamber 18 depends on the full-size that 16 energy length of plant arrive, and does not generally wait at the 20-100 cubic centimetre.Cultivation tray among Fig. 3 is life-size.

Embodiment among Fig. 1 expresses cultivating two kinds of possible improvement of container 16.On the left side of Fig. 1, the sidewall 22 of cultivating container 6 has constant cross section, and on the right of Fig. 1, a step 24 is arranged at the top of sidewall, and this step can cover with the matrix of cultivating chamber 18, thus sidewall 22 to have only very narrow part 26 be can be observable.Cultivation container 6 among the embodiment has an appearance attractive in appearance, and is particularly when sidewall 22 is thicker, then more apparent attractive in appearance.

The material that generally is used for manufacturing installation container 4 is a fire clay, waterproof is arranged on the basin 4 or claim waterproof coating.For example be coated with glazing 28, except fire clay, also can use other porous material, for example float stone.

Also usable resins or other pore-free material are made container 4, but should remember: water can not pass through from this material.Can load onto feet 32 and 34 in the bottom surface 30 of container 4.

Although cultivation chamber 18 volumes are less, in order to guarantee kind of plant 16 healthy growths, must suppress root bunch 20 stretching, extensions in cultivation chamber 18, tie growth in order that prevent root system along sidewall of cultivating chamber 18 or perisporium dish.Making the material of cultivating container 6 is soft elastic materials, through extensive investigations, finds that polyurethane foam plastics, rubber composition or mixture manufacturing cultivation container 16 are proper.The investigation experience shows, the tip of a root one touches the wall of cultivating chamber 18, and the root system of root bunches 20 will stop radially process of growth, does not promptly have the dish knot growth of root, on the contrary root bunch forms a large amount of radicula hairs on the sidewall of cultivating chamber 18, and these root hairs are very close to the material of cultivating container.Root bunches 20 stops growing and makes plant 16 become permanent dwarf plant.The material contact that root bunch is together cultivated container 6 as for why just stops growing, and this reason is not also understood fully fully.As if but investigation result shows, the material material of that soft and resilient cultivation container 6, when touching it, root bunch will " upset " growth of root, because on the one hand root is not run into the firm barrier that can change its direction of growth, and the material of cultivating container 6 on the other hand can not penetrate root bunches 20.Because root system has the habit of the radially elongation growth of instinct, therefore root is stopped growing when contacting and running into rubber or soft elastic resistance material when they are firm.If adopt porose flexible polyurethane foam, sturdy root may penetrate it and come out from opposite side.But the rhizoid part that embeds soft and flexible material does not have the root hair and produces.If there is one deck cover layer of penetrating of the difficulty of driving fit with it this soft elastic material outside, root will stop growing in the inboard.On the other hand, the tip of a root of thick root may from around or side surface 8 expose, before growth stops, will put in a segment distance in the peripherad water.As long as the tip of a root does not contact any nutriment except running water, the tip of a root that penetrates side surface does not so generate the root hair in fact equally.Thereby the root hair just may be limited to nutrient absorbing and cultivates in the chamber 18, so just might guarantee the restriction to plant 16 growths.

Cultivate container 6 material therefors and preferably can absorb and discharge moisture, but because the existence of cover layer 8, water can not flow to by it and cultivate in the chamber, can prevent from like this plant is excessively watered.

As shown in Figure 2, use porous material, be set on the bottom surface 38 of container 4 as the plug-in unit 36 of fire clay manufacturing.Plug-in unit 36 on container 4 bottoms 38 is in aggregates with container 4.Also have a kind of selection, plug-in unit 36 can separate, and it is arranged on the bottom surface 38 of container 4.

As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, plug-in unit 36 is to stretch into by this way to cultivate in the container 6, and the upper end 40 of plug-in unit 36 puts in cultivates in the chamber 18, and plug-in unit 36 shapes are truncated cone preferably.At the loading passage 42 of cultivating on the container 6 is the round hole type shape, (if plug-in unit 36 is separable, its is inserted in the passage of cultivating container 6 in order that cultivation container 6 can be inserted on the container 4 by the circle hole.) loading passage 42 will be out of shape, thereby cultivation container 6 joint between passway 42 is with plug-in unit 36 is fluid-tight.

Referring now to accompanying drawing, we will illustrate in greater detail and cultivate the effect of the plug-in unit 36 that container 6 joins.

At first, cultivate container 6 and be placed in the container 4 of porous, plug-in unit 36 can stretch into by passway 42 and cultivate in the container like this.Secondly, plant 16 is positioned in the appropriate location, cultivates the matrix of having filled up some suitable plant growings in the chamber 18.Filled water in gap that forms between the sidewall 8 of cultivation container 6 and the sidewall 10 of container 4 or the

intermediate space

12,12 in gap stores water function, with the naked eye just checks out the reservoir storage of the inside very container, and it is just passable only need to add some water once in a while.For the water level in the easier inspection gap 12, and make things convenient for water filling, one end has a breach at the edge to cultivate container 6, as shown in Figure 3, so just, form a water filling port 44, a dipperstick can be installed in water filling port 44 the insides, also can give gap 12 water fillings by this mouthful.

According to shown in Figure 1, among the embodiment of cultivation tray 2 of the present invention, surface protuberance 46(is called cushion block 46 here simply) be positioned on the bottom surface 38 of container 4.Because the existence of these cushion blocks 46, make cultivate also formed below the container 6 gap 12 ', this gap 12 ' also is water abrim.

In the present embodiment, if the water level in the gap 12 is too high,, do not make water in the gap by cultivating the material of container 6 in order to prevent to cultivate chamber 18 not by water logging.Cultivate the also available waterproof or material impervious to water manufacturing basically fully of container 6.Water from the gap 12 or 12 ' give and cultivate chamber 18 and supply water and finish by plug-in unit 36, water is from the plug-in unit 36 that gap 12 ' infiltration is done by porous material, because effect capillaceous or similar phenomenon in the plug-in unit 36, water upwards permeates in plug-in unit and ejects from the upper end 40 of plug-in unit 36 then, and flow in the matrix in the cultivation chamber 18 that root bunches 20 is arranged, represent flow direction with arrow among Fig. 2.It should be noted that: how much depend on the content of cultivating chamber mesostroma moisture for the water supply of cultivating chamber 18 by plug-in unit 36, that is to say, the matrix of cultivating in the chamber 18 is dry more, because the suction effect of matrix is just many more by the water of plug-in unit 36 confession in matrix, also is like this conversely.Because plant can absorb water from gap 12 when needing automatically, so got rid of plant 16 lacks of water or the excessive phenomenon of watering basically.

The supply of nutriment is directly to apply from above, promptly nutriment directly is added to and cultivates in the chamber 18.Controlled availability fertilizer with ion exchange is proved to be can obtain gratifying especially effect.Nutrient in the fertilizer is dissolved by the root secretion in the plant respectively, is absorbed then.

In conjunction with a series of different improvement and the variation that occur in the scope of the present invention, the embodiment of described cultivation tray 2 done some to revise be possible, hereinafter will do simple description.

If 16 pairs of water demands of plant of cultivation are lower, might save cushion block 46, cultivate container 6 like this and directly be placed on the bottom surface 38 of container 4.At this moment gap 12 should be leaned on by the formed zone of porous material of container 4 between bottom surface 38 and the bottom surface 30 to the water supply of plug-in unit 36 and be undertaken.

Can adopt two or the plug-in unit 36 of cultivating container 6 that passes for plant 16 relatively large or that water requirement is big more.

It also is feasible that plug-in unit 36 is not made an integral body with the bottom surface 38 of container 4, can adopt some plug-in units 36 like this, and these plug-in unit porosity differences are at the 12 or 12 ' satisfied respectively different water supply requirement in chamber of cultivating when cultivating chamber 18 release moisture from the gap.

The front was mentioned, and loader 4 also can be used pore-free material, and for example resin is made, but at this moment will remember, must adopt cushion block 46 so that the water in the gap 12 can by gap 12 ' and plug-in unit 36 enter and cultivate in the chamber 18.

Except rectangle shown in Figure 3, container 4 and cultivation container 6 can be respectively other shapes.Container 4 can also be circle, ellipse garden shape or other moulding attractive in appearance.

As further improvement, if container 4 and to cultivate container 6 enough big can also have several cultivation chambeies 18 in cultivation tray 2, this cultivation tray structure is very suitable to be processed into flower or leaf moulding.

At last, if container 4 is to be formed from a resin, for example by the injection molding manufacturing, plug-in unit 36 can be made of one with bottom surface 38.In this case, if the resin material that adopts is not a porous material, for make water from gap 12 or 12 ' enter and cultivate in the chamber 18, should open some passages, for example can open on plug-in unit 36 external peripheral surfaces, these passages can be axially extended seam or groove.

In a word, cultivation tray described here can be made with easy especially and reliable mode, and this basin makes the permanent dwarf plant of cultivation become possibility.It only needs to observe the water level in the gap 12, replenishes some water or apply controlled availability fertilizer suitably for once in a while cultivation chamber 18.The moisture that plant needs is supplied with from gap 12 continuously, and is controllable by the discharge of plug-in unit 36, can be at the fixed time moisture bunch is provided for matrix and root by plant institute water requirement in the best way.Therefore, it is withered or make root be in the state of flooding plant can not take place.

Make of soft and resilient material and to cultivate container 6 and can prevent the growth of root dish knot with the expense of minimum, so although plant has become permanent dwarf plant, its growth conditions of can keeping fit.

Claims

1, a kind of cultivation tray of cultivating dwarf plant, it comprises: the cultivation container of cultivating the chamber is arranged in one, the volume ratio in this cultivation chamber provides the required volume of nutrient matrix little to the normal growth plant, the inner surface in this cultivation chamber is made by soft elastic material, as soft foamed material, rubber or other similar material.

2, according to the cultivation tray of claim 1, wherein soft elastic material can absorb moisture and discharge moisture.

3, according to the cultivation tray of claim 1, wherein cultivating container has one deck cover layer at its outer surface, and this cover layer is fluid-tight.

4, according to the cultivation tray of claim 1, soft elastic material wherein is waterproof or fluid-tight basically.

5, the cultivation tray according to claim 1 also comprises a container, cultivates container and is placed in the container.

6, according to the cultivation tray of claim 5, wherein soft elastic material be by container with its mechanical support on its outer surface and make it be fixed on the appropriate location.

7,, comprise one group of cushion block that is placed between container bottom surface and the cultivation container bottom supporting surface according to the cultivation tray of claim 5.

8, according to the cultivation tray in the claim 5, wherein container is made up of the fluid-tight tectal porous material of one deck outer surface.

9, cultivation tray according to Claim 8, wherein container is made by fire clay.

10, according to the cultivation tray of claim 5, wherein container is made by the synthetic resin material.

11, according to the cultivation tray of claim 5, wherein container is fluid-tight.

12, according to the cultivation tray of claim 5, wherein, between the periphery wall of container internal perisporium and cultivation container, a water filling gap is arranged.

13, the cultivation tray according to claim 12 also further includes at least one water supply installation, is continuous controllable with flow from the gap to the water supply of cultivating the chamber.

14, according to the cultivation tray of claim 13, wherein water supply installation has a water supply plug-in unit, and it passes the passage of cultivating wall of a container and including infiltration.

15, according to the cultivation tray of claim 14, wherein water channel is one of pore in the porous material and groove or the two.

16, according to the cultivation tray of claim 14, the element that wherein supplies water is to stretch out from the bottom surface of container.

17, according to the cultivation tray of claim 15, the element that wherein supplies water is that whole casting is on container.

18, according to the cultivation tray of claim 15, the element that wherein supplies water is a frustum cone shape.

19, a kind of cultivation tray that is used for cultivating dwarf plant, it comprises that contains the cultivation container that the chamber is cultivated in training, this cultivation volume of a container specific energy enough provides the volume of the nutrient matrix that plant normal growth needs little, this cultivation container has an inner surface and outer surface, and soft flexible device arranged on inner surface at least, prevent to produce the ring-type root by making the fast root of growth touch and extend in this soft elastic device, at this moment only form little rhizoid, and around the inner surface of container and device, do not grow, cultivate the outer surface of container and can prevent that sealing passes through this surface and infiltrates in it.

20, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, the volume of wherein cultivating the chamber is not more than 100 cubic centimetres.

21, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, wherein soft elastic device is a polyurethane foam plastics.

22, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, wherein soft elastic device is a rubber.

23, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, wherein soft elastic material can absorb and discharge moisture.

24, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, wherein soft elastic material is fluid-tight basically.

25, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, also further comprise a container, cultivate container and be placed in this container.

26, according to the cultivation tray of claim 25, wherein soft elastic material supports by mechanical means, by container it is fixed in the appropriate location of outer surface.

27,, comprise one group of cushion block that is placed on the container basal surface and cultivates the bottom support surface of container according to the cultivation tray of claim 25.

28, according to the cultivation tray of claim 25, wherein container has the fluid-tight tectal porous material of one deck to constitute by outer surface.

29, according to the cultivation tray of claim 28, wherein container is made with fire clay.

30, according to the cultivation tray of claim 25, wherein container is made by the synthetic resin material.

31, according to the cultivation tray of claim 25, wherein container is fluid-tight.

32, according to the cultivation tray of claim 25, wherein high for an injection gap between the internal perisporium of cultivating container periphery wall and container.

33, the cultivation tray according to claim 32 also further comprises having a water supply installation at least, water is supplied with from this gap cultivated the chamber, and to supply water is continuous controllable with flow.

34, according to the cultivation tray of claim 33, wherein water supply installation has a water supply element, and it passes and cultivates wall of a container and contain penetrating passage.

35,34 cultivation tray as requested, wherein passage is one of pore in the porous material and groove or the two.

36, according to the cultivation tray of claim 34, the element that wherein supplies water is to stretch out from the bottom surface of container.

37, according to the cultivation tray of claim 35, element and the whole casting of container wherein supply water.

38, according to the cultivation tray of claim 35, the element that wherein supplies water is a conical frustum shape.

39,, wherein cultivate container nutriment is seen through according to the cultivation tray of claim 19.

40, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, wherein graininess matrix is volcanic ash.

41, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, wherein graininess matrix is sand grains.

42, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, wherein graininess matrix is the clay granule.

43, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, wherein the object of waterproof infiltration is a paint.

44, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, wherein the object of waterproof infiltration is a paint film.

45, according to the cultivation tray of claim 19, wherein the material body of waterproof infiltration is the glaze layer.

46, a kind of cultivation tray of cultivating dwarf plant; it comprises: have a heavy wall of cultivating the chamber to cultivate basin in it; this cultivates chamber smaller with respect to cultivating volume of a container; and the volume in cultivation chamber is also less than the volume that offers the required particle matrix of plant normal growth; culture vessel is made by soft elastic material, at the outer surface of cultivating basin the fluid-tight material of one deck is arranged.

47, according to the cultivation tray of claim 46, it also comprises a container, this container has one than cultivating the big chamber of volume of a container, cultivate container and be placed in the container, the device that cultivation container and container are separated is arranged, make and produce a space between them, one water supply installation is arranged, this space is communicated with cultivating container chamber, water can be offered the cultivation container from this space, and to supply water be continuous in controllable.

48, a kind of method of cultivating dwarf plant comprises following step: providing has the cultivation container of cultivating the chamber in one, cultivate the volume in chamber and compare much smaller with the volume that satisfies the needed cultivation of plant normal growth chamber; By the growth that provides cultivation container to prevent ring-type or curling shape plant roots, when the root system of plant touches and extend to this wall, make root bear tiny rhizoid with soft elastic material heavy wall layer.Small-sized plant and particle matrix are put into the cultivation chamber of cultivating container, and plant roots becomes fan-shaped distribution in the chamber; Offer the device that plant is supplied water, can control for the water supply flow in plant chamber by this water supply installation; Provide nutriment to plant, nutriment is sprinkling upon equably cultivates the particle matrix upper surface that the container implants is taken root.