CN85100505B - 从核反应堆废气氢中分离与浓缩氪氙技术 - Google Patents

从核反应堆废气氢中分离与浓缩氪氙技术 Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN85100505B
CN85100505B CN198585100505A CN85100505A CN85100505B CN 85100505 B CN85100505 B CN 85100505B CN 198585100505 A CN198585100505 A CN 198585100505A CN 85100505 A CN85100505 A CN 85100505A CN 85100505 B CN85100505 B CN 85100505B
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
waste gas
xenon
nuclear reactor
metal alloy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
CN198585100505A
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
CN85100505A (zh
Inventor
杨民杰
陈炳兆
赵施龙
叶荣
黄铁生
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics of CAS
Original Assignee
Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy of CAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy of CAS filed Critical Shanghai Institute of Metallurgy of CAS
Priority to CN198585100505A priority Critical patent/CN85100505B/zh
Priority to FR8604477A priority patent/FR2581893B1/fr
Publication of CN85100505A publication Critical patent/CN85100505A/zh
Publication of CN85100505B publication Critical patent/CN85100505B/zh
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B01D53/0407—Constructional details of adsorbing systems
    • B01D53/0423—Beds in columns
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B23/00—Noble gases; Compounds thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
    • C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
    • C01B3/0031—Intermetallic compounds; Metal alloys; Treatment thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
    • C01B3/508—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by selective and reversible uptake by an appropriate medium, i.e. the uptake being based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F9/00—Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor
    • G21F9/02—Treating gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/102—Carbon
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
    • B01D2256/18—Noble gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/10—Single element gases other than halogens
    • B01D2257/108—Hydrogen
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/403—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using three beds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Abstract

本发明是一种核反应堆废气的分离、浓缩和回收技术。它利用储氢金属合金从核电站或其它核动力装置的核反应堆废气氢中分离与浓缩放射性稀有气体氪、氙。利用这种技术处理核反应堆废气，可方便地同时回收氢气和稀有气体，减少环境污染，降低核反应堆运行成本。

Description

本发明是核反应堆废气的分离、浓缩和回收技术。它利用储氢金属合金来分离、浓缩核反应堆废气氢中的氪(Kr)、氙(Xe)。
在核发电站和其它核动力装置的反应堆中，快速中子撞击U235会裂变出含放射性的氪、氙，从而使废气氢中含有一定剂量的放射性氪、氙。这种废气大量排放在大自然中，既污染环境，影响生态平衡，威胁人类安全，而且使作为载气的氢气大量流失，还白白浪费宝贵的稀有气体氪、氙。
曾有人用化学萃取的方法来萃取氢中的放射性氪、氙，但萃取方法使用氟化物(Cl2CF2)、毒性大，且工艺复杂，成本昂贵。(特开昭57-100397)。也有人用活性碳吸附方法。(特公昭57-28920)。
储氢金属合金材料具有选择地、可逆地，大量地吸收或放出氢气的特性，已广泛地使用于氢气的储存及氢气的净化。(如特开昭57-156304)。但这些技术都着眼于氢气的储存与提纯，没有涉及稀有气体的浓缩、回收。
本发明利用储氢金属合金材料对氢的选择吸收及稀有气体氪、氙化学性质不活泼的特性来分离、浓缩核反应堆废气中的放射性氪、氙。本发明的方法工艺简单，没有毒性，储氢金属可反复使用，反应堆废气中的氢可重复使用，同时使放射性氪、氙浓缩并回收利用。减少了环境污染，降低了核反应堆的运行成本。
附图1是本发明采用的从氢气中浓缩氪、氙的装置。图中〔1〕是核反应堆废气氢的入口，该废气中含有放射性氪、氙。〔2〕是经分离、浓缩后含放射性氪、氙气的出口。〔3〕是经分离后的纯氢出口。〔5〕、〔6〕、〔7〕为三个储氢合金瓶，储氢瓶数目可根据需要增加或减少。储氢瓶中装有电阻丝加热或冷热水循环的热交换器。每个储氢瓶的下端为进气口与进气阀门〔8〕相连，上端连接纯氢出口阀〔10〕与纯氢出口〔3〕相通。上、下端各有一片金属过滤片〔4〕，孔径为微米级。二张过滤片间填充储氢金属合金〔11〕，在储氢瓶的下部侧面连有浓缩氪、氙气的排放阀〔9〕，然后与浓缩氪、氙气的出口〔2〕相通。图中〔12〕为气体管道。
当反应堆的废气从进气口〔1〕经进气阀〔8〕金属过滤片〔4〕进入储氢瓶，由于储氢金属合金〔11〕对氢气的选择吸收，而对废气中的放射性氪、氙等稀有气体不能吸收，也不能起反应，从而使氪、氙等稀有气体游离于金属氢化物与合金的间隙之中，当储氢瓶中，储氢金属合金吸收的氢气达到饱和后，即储氢金属合金均生成金属氢化物，从而不再吸收氢气(此时可观察到进入储氢合金瓶的废气的压力不再由于储氢合金的吸收而下降)时，关闭阀门〔8〕及〔10〕，打开阀门〔9〕，并适当提高热交换温度，让储氢金属合金初期放出的氢气将氪、氙等稀有气体带出。然后关上阀门〔9〕，打开纯氢出口阀〔10〕，纯氢可继续作为载气使用，这样就达到了从废气氢中分离，浓缩氪、氙的目的。储氢合金瓶〔5〕、〔6〕、〔7〕，可循环使用，也可同时使用，达到连续处理废气的目的。
储氢金属合金可用钛系、镁系或稀土系合金，不同的储氢合金，分离、浓缩稀有气体所需的工作温度和平衡氢气压是不同的。一般，平衡氢气压希望在1～10大气压。为达到这一平衡气压，镁系合金(如Mg2Ni，Mg2Cu等)所需温度在237～350℃，因而要用电阻丝加热实现热交换。而钛系(例如TiFeMn、TiCrMn等)或稀土系(例如LaNi5，LaNi4，Al等)合金则在室温(20～30℃)下即可达到该平衡氢气压。
本发明的一个实施例：见附图2.储氢瓶〔13〕的储氢量为3.5m3，瓶体为φ108mm的不锈钢圆筒形，上、下二端及侧面一端焊有不锈钢微米级孔径的过滤片〔4〕，瓶体上部用法兰〔19〕连接，上端的过滤片焊在法兰的上半部。热交换采用水循环，热交换器〔14〕为紫铜管，管体处连接铜质扇形散热片〔15〕，阀门〔8〕、〔9〕、〔10〕可使用上海东海阀门厂QF-011型。储
氢瓶装入17～18公斤TiFe0.86Mn0.1储氢合金11〕，其粒度分布如下：
粒度   1～2mm 0.5～1.0mm  0.2～0.5mm   ＜0.2mm
ωt％     33     31     21     15
合金装入后进行预处理，即合金经80℃加热，抽真空并在40kg/cm2的氢压下活化方可使用。在室温下(25℃左右)，把含有氪、氙的2500升氢废气充入储氢瓶内，然后在30℃，5kg/cm2的氢压下放氢，在放出的初始气体中氪、氙的浓缩效果可达二个数量级以上。见表1：
Figure B85100505D0000031
表1经TiFeMn合金处理后，放出的初始氢气中，氪、氙的浓缩效果：
Figure B85100505D0000032
表2释放出100升左右气体后，氢中氪、氙含量。
由上述结果可知，如把2500升含有100PPM左右Kr，Xe的氢气经储氢合金瓶吸、放后，在初始放出约100升氢气后，氢中的氪、氙就已基本被分离、浓缩出来(表2)，达到了分离、浓缩的目的。而所用的钛铁锰合金经五百余次吸、放氢循环后，储氢性能仍然不变。因而，用该方法处理核反应堆废氢气，使用方便，成本低，可以同时回收氢气及稀有气体氪、氙，减少环境污染，降低了核反应堆运行的成本。本发明的方法工艺简单，无毒性，储氢金属合金可反复使用。这种方法也可以用于从废氢气中分离、浓缩、回收其它稀有气体和惰性气体。

Claims (3)

1.本发明是核反应堆废气的分离、浓缩和回收技术，它使含H2、Kr、Xe的废气流通过有吸附材料的容器，从而使Kr、Xe人含氢气流中分离。本发明的特征是使Kr、Xe和H2分离所用的吸附材料是储氢金属合金，储氢金属合金装填在储氢瓶中。
2.按权利要求/所述的废气分离、浓缩和回收技术，其中的储氢金属合金是TiFe0.86Mn0.1合金。
3.按权利要求/或2所述的废气分离、浓缩和回收技术，其中储氢金属合金TiF0.86Mn0.1装填在上、下二端及侧面有不锈钢微米级孔径过滤片的、储氢量为3.5m3的、内部安装连有铜质扇形散热片的紫铜热交换器的储氢瓶中。
CN198585100505A 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 从核反应堆废气氢中分离与浓缩氪氙技术 Expired CN85100505B (zh)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN198585100505A CN85100505B (zh) 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 从核反应堆废气氢中分离与浓缩氪氙技术
FR8604477A FR2581893B1 (fr) 1985-04-01 1986-03-27 Procede de separation et d'enrichissement du krypton et du xenon a partir de l'effluent gazeux d'hydrogene d'un reacteur nucleaire

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN198585100505A CN85100505B (zh) 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 从核反应堆废气氢中分离与浓缩氪氙技术

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN85100505A CN85100505A (zh) 1986-07-16
CN85100505B true CN85100505B (zh) 1987-04-15

Family

ID=4791214

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN198585100505A Expired CN85100505B (zh) 1985-04-01 1985-04-01 从核反应堆废气氢中分离与浓缩氪氙技术

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN85100505B (zh)
FR (1) FR2581893B1 (zh)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03126607A (ja) * 1989-10-09 1991-05-29 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd 希ガスの精製方法
CN102646454B (zh) * 2012-04-06 2014-10-29 华北电力大学 一种外置式防止氢爆的核电站严重事故缓解装置及方法
CN114797391A (zh) * 2022-06-01 2022-07-29 中国核动力研究设计院 一种氢气分离器、调控方法及研究堆冷却剂净化系统
CN115862916B (zh) * 2022-12-07 2023-10-24 中国原子能科学研究院 用于从快堆乏燃料棒中提取氪-85的方法

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3806583A (en) * 1971-03-15 1974-04-23 Babcock & Wilcox Co Recovery of radioactive noble gases from gaseous effluents
JPS57156314A (en) * 1981-03-18 1982-09-27 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Purification of rare gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2581893A1 (fr) 1986-11-21
CN85100505A (zh) 1986-07-16
FR2581893B1 (fr) 1989-07-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JPS5843717B2 (ja) 軽水及び重水からトリチウムを除去するための装置
CN102718198B (zh) 冷凝法提纯氦气的方法及其装置
CN106283101B (zh) 一种超纯氢的制备方法
CN113368809B (zh) 铋基二氧化硅材料的制备方法及在捕集放射性碘中的应用
CN202432826U (zh) 一种氦气纯化装置
CN85100505B (zh) 从核反应堆废气氢中分离与浓缩氪氙技术
CN112569786A (zh) 一种高效低成本的氢同位素氧化物分离工艺
CN201122444Y (zh) 一种氚包容净化装置
US3404067A (en) Process for removing radioactive materials from the environment of an atomic reactor
CA1046242A (en) Tritiated water treatment process
US3074776A (en) Gaseous disposal process
CN109036610B (zh) 一种用于熔盐堆尾气中多形态氚的去除装置和去除方法
US3887339A (en) Industrial technique
CN103949159B (zh) 一种放射性同位素14c的分离方法
ES2278644T3 (es) Procedimiento y dispositivo para reducir impurezas cationicas y dosificar litio en el agua de refrigeracion de un reactor de agua ligera y sistema de agua de refrigeracion de un reactor de agua ligera con un dispositivo semejante.
US3964965A (en) Pressurized-water reactor coolant gas disposal system
CN212076732U (zh) 一种户外闭环生活循环用水系统
CN112892409A (zh) 一种铀铝合金靶件溶解装置
Rozenkevich et al. Atomic–hydrogen energy and tritium purification of NPP discharges based on WWER generation 3+ reactors
CN204087835U (zh) 基于电解和低温精馏级联的核电站含氚水处理装置
US4125477A (en) Process for treating radioactive waste gases
Drolet et al. Canadian experience with Tritium—The basis of a new Fusion Project
JP3198807U (ja) トリチウムからの液体放射性廃棄物の精製装置
CN214671851U (zh) 一种钠冷快堆一回路氩气净化装置
CN110391032B (zh) 放射性废树脂芬顿氧化废液电解深度净化及硫酸回收方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
PB01 Publication
C06 Publication
C13 Decision
GR02 Examined patent application
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C19 Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee