CN2751869Y - 一种除尘除异味多功能净化塔 - Google Patents
一种除尘除异味多功能净化塔 Download PDFInfo
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- CN2751869Y CN2751869Y CN 200420115272 CN200420115272U CN2751869Y CN 2751869 Y CN2751869 Y CN 2751869Y CN 200420115272 CN200420115272 CN 200420115272 CN 200420115272 U CN200420115272 U CN 200420115272U CN 2751869 Y CN2751869 Y CN 2751869Y
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- 239000011901 water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 43
- 239000007921 sprays Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ozone Chemical compound 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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- MDFFNEOEWAXZRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group 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Abstract
本实用新型提供一种应用于废气净化领域的除尘除异味多功能净化塔，包括进气口、塔体、塔内气液接触部件、水箱、出气口及循环水系统。塔体下部的水箱内设置一根连接臭氧发生器带倾斜段的多孔曝气管，塔进风口内侧焊接一个伸向塔中并向下部水箱液面倾斜一定角度的冲击风管，冲击风管上方设置由主管、对称分布在主管两侧的支管及螺旋型雾化喷嘴组合成的雾化喷淋器，雾化喷淋器上方设置周边焊接数个溢流管的筛孔塔板，塔板上方设置布水器及旋流脱水器。本实用新型有较高的除尘除异味净化效率，且具有占地面积小，投资低，操作简单可靠的特点。
Description
技术领域
本实用新型涉及一种除尘除异味装置，特别是涉及一种除尘除异味多功能净化塔，能有效去除废气中尘和异味组份，适用于垃圾中转站排风系统等作业场所的废气净化。
背景技术
随着城市经济建设的持续发展和市民生活水平的不断提高，每天源源不断大量产生的生活垃圾，已成为一个污染环境，影响生活的社会问题。解决垃圾污染问题近年已受到政府和有关部门重视，并积极寻找有效的处理方法。卫生填埋是目前生活垃圾常用的处理方法之一。为减少垃圾填埋占地，目前较为先进的解决方法是将垃圾运到垃圾中转站进行压缩处理，减少垃圾体积，这样可大大减少垃圾占地。垃圾在垃圾中转站卸料压缩处理时产生大量粉尘和异味，为避免废气扩散，影响卸料间室内环境和操作人员的身体健康，目前垃圾中转站卸料间废气处理的措施大多为简易除尘。采取的措施多为在卸料间卸料坑上方设置喷淋和排风系统。利用喷淋系统喷出的水雾除去卸料坑内部分粉尘，然后用排风系统将废气排出。随着国家环保部门对大气环境标准的提高，根据国家相关环保法规，垃圾中转站卸料间排出废气需进行治理，粉尘和异味达标后才能排放。由于垃圾压缩处理再填埋的方法在我国实施的时间不长，垃圾中转站卸料间废气处理技术尚属于起步阶段。经调研，目前含尘、异味废气的净化方法和设备主要为二种—干法和湿法。
干法净化含尘、异味废气的工艺是利用干式除尘器除尘和活性碳吸附装置去除异味。活性碳吸附异味净化效率高，但活性碳吸附饱和后需定期更换，活性碳价格较高，频繁更换活性碳不但带来设备操作、管理上的麻烦，更重要的是会增加设备运行成本。湿法净化含尘、异味废气的工艺是利用液体吸收装置使废气中粉尘被洗涤去除，异味中有害成份被吸收液吸收净化。液体吸收装置通常采用价格便宜的水做吸收液。为提高净化效率，往往在水中加入能吸收某些有害成份的处理药剂和化学品，配成一定浓度的吸收液。
由于湿法净化含尘、异味废气工艺操作简单、设备运行成本较低，因此是目前垃圾中转站废气净化应用较多的一种方法。
湿法净化含尘、异味废气的主要净化设备是吸收塔。吸收塔净化效率取决于气液接触程度。气液接触越充分，塔净化效率越高。据了解，目前垃圾中转站废气净化塔根据其净化原理，主要有水浴冲激、喷淋洗涤、填料、筛板等结构形式。水浴冲激、喷淋洗涤式净化塔由于其气液接触结构较为简单，因而设备造价较低，但净化效率不高，只能用于废气净化指标不高的场所。填料式净化塔是让吸收液通过塔内具有特殊形状和较大比表面的填料，与废气中的有害成份充分接触，达到废气净化目的。填料式净化塔具有较高的净化效率，但适用于粉尘浓度不高的废气，否则粉尘容易堵塞塔中填料，给设备运行带来麻烦。筛板式净化塔是使废气通过具有规则排列多孔的塔板，与塔板上的吸收液层进行气液接触，除去废气中的尘及有害成份。筛板式净化塔结构不复杂，净化效率取决于塔板上的吸收液层。因此对能否形成合适吸收液层的塔板孔径大小、分布和气体流速的设计要求较高。另外如在使用中出现较为复杂的情况，气体流速发生变化，塔板上没有形成合适的吸收液层，则塔的净化效率将大大降低。在除尘除异味净化装置中，除了上述公知结构的净化塔，还有其他结构较为复杂的净化塔。例如中国专利95226402.1公开了一种除尘除异味净化装置，其结构由筒体和安装在筒内的笼栅构成。笼栅由沿圆周均匀分布的卡箍及插入卡箍中截面形状为流线型的导流栅叶组成。其作用原理是：废气切向进入筒体形成高速旋流，并从隔板以下的笼栅栅缝进入笼栅与筒体中的水接触，然后再从隔板以上的笼栅栅缝中旋出。在旋流过程中，气液充分接触，尘粒和水在离心力的作用下被甩在笼栅壁上进入沉淀槽，经除尘除异味后的气体经气液分离器后排出。此结构的净化塔净化效率较高，但其核心部件笼栅结构较为复杂，制造较为麻烦，因此在使用上受到限制。
液体吸收装置通常采用价格便宜的水做吸收液。为提高净化效率，往往在水中加入能吸收某些有害成份的化学品吸收剂，配成一定浓度的吸收液。水箱中的吸收液在循环使用过程中，随着废气中的尘粒及含氮、硫化合物等异味成份不断溶在水中，引起吸收液混浊，产生异味。为解决此问题，需要经常更换吸收液，这样会带来设备运行成本的增加。
实用新型内容本实用新型的目的在于克服现有技术中的不足，提供一种净化效率高，结构较为简单，运行可靠，运转费用较低的除尘除异味多种功能废气净化塔。
为实现上述目的，本实用新型通过下述技术方案予以实现。
本实用新型由塔体、水箱、曝气管、冲击风管、雾化喷淋器、塔板、布水器、脱水器、进、出气口及水循环系统组成。本实用新型采用能氧化、分解废气中的异味成份，同时能消毒、净化水质的臭氧代替化学品吸收剂。如上所述的塔体下部的水箱设置一根连接臭氧发生器的多孔曝气管，多孔曝气管的作用是通过塔体外的曝气风机把臭氧发生器产生的臭氧引进水箱。臭氧通过曝气管上的多孔释放、溶解在水中，再经水循环系统及塔内气液接触部件与废气中的异味成份进行反应、吸收净化。如上所述的塔内气液接触部件根据其作用原理和功能实现废气三级净化。废气先通过塔下部冲击风管与吸收液接触实现初级净化。冲击风管焊接在塔进风口内侧，伸向塔中并向下部水箱液面倾斜一定角度。废气以一定流速，通过冲击风管向下冲击水箱液面，在惯性作用下，废气中较大颗粒的尘和异味成份与气流冲击起的水花、水雾接触，得到初级净化。伸向塔中的冲击风管同时还起到分布气流的作用。废气通过冲击风管上方的设置的高效雾化喷淋器与吸收液接触实现二级净化。雾化喷淋器由主管、支管及不易堵塞的螺旋型雾化喷嘴组合而成。螺旋型雾化喷嘴向下安装在主管两侧与之相连的支管上。废气通过与高效雾化喷嘴喷射出的数万个喷雾液滴的细雾吸收液碰撞、接触、传质，其中异味成份被吸收，较细尘粒凝聚成较大颗粒而被洗涤下去。废气的第三级净化通过在雾化喷淋器上方设置的一至二层能形成泡沫层的塔板实现。塔板上分布按一定角度规则排列的圆孔。圆孔孔径及数量根据能在塔板上形成泡沫层的气体流速度确定。废气由下而上穿过塔板上方的布水器分布在塔板上的吸收液层时，形成湍动的泡沫层。在泡沫层中的气泡不断的破裂、合并过程中，废气同大量吸收液膜强迫接触，其中微尘则被液膜粘附，异味成份则被大量液膜表面吸收。为控制液层高度，避免因液层过高引起设备运行阻力过高的问题，在塔板周边设置数个溢流管。当吸收液层高于设计高度时，液体通过溢流管流到塔下水箱中。废气在塔内由下而上经过三级净化，通过上部的脱水器脱去水雾后经出气口排出。
由于采用上述技术方案，本实用新型的除尘除异味净化塔，与现有技术相比，具备的优点和特点是：1、本实用新型采用惯性碰撞冲击、雾化喷淋和鼓泡湍流三级净化技术，使气液充分接触、传质，达到较高的粉尘和异味去除效果。
2、本实用新型采用多孔曝气管把臭氧从发生器引到循环水系统，达到氧化、分解废气中的异味成分，同时达到消毒、净化水质的目的。解决了化学吸收液经常更换带来的设备运行成本增加的问题。
3、本实用新型焊接在塔进风口内侧，伸向塔中并向下部水箱液面倾斜的冲击风管起到较好的分布气流，气液碰撞接触的作用。
4、本实用新型采用的由主管、支管及不易堵塞的螺旋型雾化喷嘴组合成高效雾化喷淋器，具有液滴分布均匀，雾化效果好的废气净化效果。
5、本实用新型的按一定角度规则排列圆孔的塔板能使气液形成湍动的易于液膜接触、反应的泡沫层，达到较高的废气净化效率。塔板周边设置的溢流管有效控制了液层高度，避免因液层过高引起设备运行阻力过大的问题。
6、本实用新型把除尘除异味多种功能部件组合成一体化设备，具有占地面积小，投资低，操作简单可靠的优点。
附图说明
图1为多功能净化塔结构示意图。
图2为曝气管结构示意图。
图3为喷淋雾化器主、俯视结构示意图。
图4为塔板结构示意图。
图中：1进气口、2冲击风管、3角钢支架、4环形支架、5塔板、6布水器、7出气口、8旋流脱水器、9塔体、10喷淋器安装口、11雾化喷淋器、12循环水系统、13液下泵、14水箱、15溢流管、16曝气管、17曝气管安装口、18曝气风机、19臭氧发生器、20喷淋器主管、21喷淋器支管、22支管法兰、23管卡、24雾化喷头。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图与具体实施方式对本实用新型作进一步详细描述。
臭氧发生器19产生的臭氧被曝气风机18引到塔体9下部水箱14中的曝气管16中。曝气管16为DN20-25的不锈钢水管，前端向下倾斜30-45°，倾斜段长度为100-150mm。倾斜段后的直管段上有一排10-20个直径为2-3mm的小孔。曝气管16通过曝气管安装口17安装在固定在塔内距水箱上部200-250mm处。曝气管16释放、溶解在水中的臭氧与水一起经液下泵13，水管系统12通过塔内气液接触部件雾化喷淋器11、塔板5与废气中的异味成分进行反应、吸收净化。
废气从进气口1通过冲击风管2进到塔体9下部。冲击风管2焊接在塔进风口内侧，由一段直管和向下倾斜10-15°的斜管组成。废气通过冲击风管2冲击水箱液面，与吸收液接触实现初级净化。废气通过冲击风管2上方的设置的高效雾化喷淋器11与吸收液接触实现二级净化。雾化喷淋器11通过喷淋器安装口10安装固定在塔内。雾化喷淋器11由主管20、支管21及不易堵塞的螺旋型雾化喷嘴24组装而成。主管20、支管21均为无缝管，支管21用法兰22连接，对称分布在主管20两侧。支管21数目一般为4-6根。每根支管安装一个下喷螺旋型雾化喷嘴24。雾化喷淋器11用管卡23固定在塔内角钢支架3上。废气通过与高效雾化喷嘴喷射出的数万个喷雾液滴的细雾吸收液碰撞、接触、传质，其中异味成分被吸收，较细尘粒凝聚成较大颗粒而被洗涤下去。废气的第三级净化通过在雾化喷淋器11上方设置的能形成泡沫层的塔板5实现。塔板5用螺栓固定在塔内环行支架4上。塔板数量为一至二层。塔板5上分布按一定角度规则排列的圆形筛孔。筛孔直径及数量根据能在塔板上形成泡沫层的气体流速度确定。本实用新型通过筛孔气体流速为8-12m/s，筛孔直径为10-15mm，按60°交错排列。废气由下而上穿过塔板5上方布水器6分布在塔板上的吸收液层时，形成湍动的泡沫层。在泡沫层中的气泡不断的破裂、合并过程中，废气同大量吸收液膜强迫接触，其中微尘则被液膜粘附，异味成分则被大量液膜表面吸收。为控制液层高度，避免因液层过高带来设备运行阻力过高的问题，在塔板周边设置数个溢流管15，数量为2-6个。溢流管15为穿过塔板5向下延伸到水箱液面一定深度的水管。溢流管15在塔板5上的高度为30-80mm，伸到水箱液面的深度为50-100mm。当吸收液层高于设计高度时，液体通过溢流管15流到塔下水箱14中。溢流管15焊接在塔板5上。塔板5上方布水器6通过安装口安装固定在塔内，另一端固定在塔内角钢支架上。废气在塔内由下而上经过三级净化，通过上部的旋流脱水器8脱去水雾后经出气口7排出。
通过以上技术方案设计的除尘除异味多功能废气净化塔，已成功应用于一座日处理垃圾700吨的垃圾转运站的废气净化中。该净化塔除尘、除臭效果良好，粉尘排放达到《大气污染物综合排放标准》GB16297-1996中规定粉尘排放指标(120mg/m)，周围居民反映垃圾转运站异味大大降低。
Claims (5)
1.一种除尘除异味多功能净化塔，包括进气口(1)、塔体(9)、水箱(14)、出气口(7)及循环水系统(12)，其特征在于：所述的塔体(9)下部的水箱(14)内设置一根连接臭氧发生器(19)的多孔曝气管(16)，塔进风口(1)内侧焊接一个伸向塔中并向下部水面倾斜一定角度的冲击风管(2)，冲击风管(2)上方设置通过安装口(10)安装固定及角钢支架(3)支撑的高效雾化喷淋器(11)，雾化喷淋器(11)上方设置安装固定在环行支架(4)的筛孔塔板(5)，筛孔塔板(5)上方设置布水器(11)，出气口(7)下面设置旋流脱水器(8)。
2.按照权利要求1所述的除尘除异味多功能净化塔，其特征在于：曝气管(16)为DN20-25的不锈钢水管，前端向下倾斜30-45°，倾斜段长度为100-150mm，倾斜段后的直管段上有一排10-20个直径为2-3mm的小孔，曝气管(16)通过曝气管安装口(17)安装在固定在塔内距水箱上部200-250mm处。
3.按照权利要求1所述的除尘除异味多功能净化塔，其特征在于：冲击风管(2)焊接在塔进风口(1)内侧，由一段直管和向下倾斜10-15°的斜管组成。
4.按照权利要求1所述的除尘除异味多功能净化塔，其特征在于：雾化喷淋器(11)由主管(20)、4-6根支管(21)及不易堵塞的螺旋型雾化喷嘴(24)组装而成，对称分布在主管(20)两侧的支管(21)用法兰(22)连接到主管上(20)上，每根支管安装一个下喷螺旋型雾化喷嘴(24)，雾化喷淋器(11)用管卡(23)固定在塔内角钢支架(3)上。
5.按照权利要求1所述的除尘除异味多功能净化塔，其特征在于：数量为一至二层的塔板(5)上分布按一定角度规则排列的圆形筛孔，通过筛孔流速为8-12m/s，筛孔直径为10-15mm，按60°交错排列，塔板(5)周边设置2-6个溢流管(15)，溢流管(15)在塔板(5)上的高度为30-80mm，伸到水箱液面的深度为50-100mm。
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| CN101530720B (zh) * | 2009-03-16 | 2011-01-05 | 宜兴市展宏环保设备有限公司 | 酸雾吸收塔 |
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