CN2664675Y - 一体化胸骨输液器 - Google Patents

一体化胸骨输液器 Download PDF

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CN2664675Y
CN2664675Y CN 200320115044 CN200320115044U CN2664675Y CN 2664675 Y CN2664675 Y CN 2664675Y CN 200320115044 CN200320115044 CN 200320115044 CN 200320115044 U CN200320115044 U CN 200320115044U CN 2664675 Y CN2664675 Y CN 2664675Y
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puncture needle
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吴宝明
冯正权
林昌华
肖南
许洪斌
铁位金
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Third Military Medical University TMMU
Research Institute of Field Surgery TMMU
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及一种用于野战条件和紧急情况下快速、安全和可靠的通过病人胸骨骨髓输液或抽吸骨髓的一体化胸骨输液器,特征是:包括骨髓穿刺针和对骨骼表面定位并使骨髓穿刺针穿刺到位的送针器;其中,穿刺针安装在送针器中心的顶针上;送针器由骨骼表面定位装置、钢珠、外套筒构成;骨骼表面定位装置包括定位斜面块、封头、顶针、弹簧、内导筒;其中定位斜面块位于内导筒内,其前端安装有至少三个均布在圆周上的定位针、定位斜面块的侧面上具有导向销,位于内导筒的导向槽内,钢珠位于由内导筒壁上的通孔及外套筒内壁的凹槽组合构成的球室内,弹簧安装在内导筒的封头与定位斜面块之间,给定位斜面块施加预紧力,使斜面块顶在钢球上而将装置锁定。

Description

一体化胸骨输液器
技术领域
本实用新型属于医疗器械。特别是一种适用于野战条件和紧急情况下向骨髓输液或抽吸骨髓的一体化胸骨输液器。
技术背景
常用的输液方式是静脉注射,即利用病人的静脉系统,用输液针和导管连接外周静脉血管将麻醉剂或其它液体输入病人体内。当病人的血压正常时,静脉注射可以达到满意的效果。然而,当病人处于由于心脏骤停引起循环休克、过度麻醉或是大出血时,外周血管通路塌陷而难以建立外周血管通路;同样对于儿童患者,由于其外周血管过于细小,建立外周血管通路也非常困难;还有,在战场、紧急情况或是事故第一现场时,外周血管通路也往往难以快速建立。在类似的许多情况下,因外周血管通路根本无法建立,延迟了麻醉和输液,给病人造成严重的伤害甚至死亡。
在这类情况下可以选择骨髓注射作为替代。与静脉输液不同,液体或麻醉剂是直接注射到病人的骨髓里。代表性的输液部位有胸骨、股骨、胫骨以及其他靠近皮肤的骨骼。骨髓输液也可用于婴儿和儿童静脉通路无法建立的情况。
骨髓输液要求用一根骨髓穿刺针刺入病人的皮肤和周围组织以及骨质层,建立骨骼内部骨髓通路。此外当抽取骨髓样本时也要建立骨髓通路。
尽管骨髓输液是代替静脉注射可行的方案,但它还未被广泛接受。其中有以下几个临床应用中的难点:
一是骨髓输液使用的穿刺针或是其他装置难以准确穿刺骨骼进入骨髓腔,建立输液通路。
二是由于骨髓输液装置突出皮肤部分的受力和注射点周围的皮肤和组织的运动,使得输液通路难以得到有效保护。
发明内容
本实用新型所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种快速、安全、有效和可靠的用于紧急情况和野战条件下,进行骨髓输液的一体化胸骨输液器。该装置能够确保骨髓穿刺针准确穿刺到病人胸骨的骨髓中,而不用估计从皮肤开始穿刺的深度,并且不需要骨骼穿刺阻力监视装置,从而不用顾及骨骼周围皮肤、脂肪、肌肉或者连接组织的厚度。因此使用者可以在不经过特别训练的情况下,快速、安全、有效、可靠地建立骨髓输液通路。
本实用新型采用的技术方案是这样的,即一种一体化胸骨输液器,包括骨髓穿刺针和对骨骼表面定位并使骨髓穿刺针穿刺到位的送针器;其中,穿刺针安装在送针器中心的顶针上;送针器由骨骼表面定位装置、钢珠、外套筒构成;骨骼表面定位装置包括定位斜面块、封头、顶针、弹簧、内导筒;其中定位斜面块位于内导筒内,其前端安装有至少三个均布在圆周上的定位针、定位斜面块的侧面上具有导向销,位于内导筒的导向槽内,封头通过螺纹连接在内导筒的顶端;顶针通过粘结连接在封头的中心,钢珠位于由内导筒壁上的通孔及外套筒内壁的凹槽组合构成的球室内,弹簧安装在内导筒的封头与定位斜面块之间,给定位斜面块施加预紧力,使斜面块顶在钢球上而将装置锁定。
本实用新型的工作原理是这样的:将骨骼表面定位装置接触到骨膜后,骨骼表面定位装置和骨髓穿刺针的针尖相对位移决定了骨髓穿刺针穿刺到骨髓中的位置,从而确保骨髓穿刺针相对骨质层外表面或骨膜外表面穿刺于骨髓中正确的位置和深度。骨髓穿刺针的针尖很容易穿透皮肤和组织进入目标骨骼。骨骼表面定位装置的定位针可以轻易的穿透骨骼周围的皮肤和组织,但当骨骼表面定位装置接触骨骼或骨膜后它将停下不再穿刺。
本实用新型由于采用以骨骼表面定位和穿刺到位送针器自动解锁的新颖结构保证了骨髓穿刺针I能够被快捷、准确地穿刺到胸骨骨髓,确保输液的准确性和最小风险。
本实用新型以目标胸骨的骨皮质的表面为参考平面,穿刺骨髓腔的深度为骨皮质的厚度。因此采用本实用新型进行骨髓输液穿刺时,不用考虑皮肤和组织较大的个体差异,仅考虑骨皮质的厚度。而骨皮质厚度的个体差异不大,故在穿刺深度的控制上优于各种以皮肤表面作为参考平面进行骨髓穿刺的传统方法和设备。并且,本实用新型采用特别的钢珠限位方式,当骨髓穿刺针I达到准确的深度后送针器II自动解锁,有效避免了穿刺到位后,继续施力而发生穿刺过度的情况发生。
附图说明
本实用新型有如下附图:
附图1为本实用新型的结构剖视图;
附图2为本实用新型穿刺针的结构剖视图;
附图3为本实用新型使用时的流程图。
参见附图1、2:图中1-穿刺针、2-定位针、3-定位斜面块、4-销钉、5-封头、6-顶针、7-弹簧、8-内导筒、9-钢珠、10-外导筒。
参见附图3:图中a为装置穿刺初期的状态、b为装置穿刺到位状态、c为装置自动解锁状态。
具体实施方法
参见附图1,一体化胸骨输液器实用新型定位于进行骨髓输液和抽吸骨髓的穿刺装置,包含骨髓穿刺针与送针器两部分。其穿刺针1是套在送针器中心的顶针6之上。送针器部分由骨骼表面定位装置、钢珠9、外套筒10构成,其中骨骼表面定位装置包括定位针2、定位斜面块3、销钉4、封头5、顶针6、弹簧7、内导筒8。其中定位斜面块3通过三个销钉4定位,位于内导筒8上开出的键槽,封头5通过螺纹连接在内导筒8的顶端。顶针6通过粘接在封头5的中心,弹簧7安装在内导筒8内,给定位斜面块3施加预紧力。钢珠9通过内导筒8壁上的通孔配合外套筒10内壁的内槽将装置锁死。骨骼表面定位装置接触到骨膜后,骨骼表面定位装置和骨髓穿刺针I的针尖相对位移决定了骨髓穿刺针I穿刺到骨髓中的位置,从而确保骨髓穿刺针I相对骨质层外表面或骨膜外表面穿刺于骨髓中正确的位置和深度。骨髓穿刺针I的针尖很容易穿透皮肤和组织进入目标骨骼。骨骼表面定位装置的定位针2可以轻易的穿透骨骼周围的皮肤和组织,但当骨骼表面定位装置接触骨骼或骨膜后它将停下不再穿刺。
实用新型定位于进行骨髓输液或从病人骨骼内抽吸骨髓的方法和装置,其穿刺操作如图3所示。
a)选择胸骨合适的位置作为穿刺点;
b)向下按送针器将骨髓穿刺针刺入皮肤;
c)使用装置进行穿刺,利用目标骨骼表面作为参考平面采用机械定位方式将骨髓穿刺针穿刺到合适的深度,即以销钉在滑槽滑动的距离确定;
d)移开送针器;
e)骨髓穿刺针I连接输液源或是抽吸装置,进行输液或者抽吸骨髓。
装置的骨髓穿刺针1如图2所示,其前端侧面开孔,有效避免了穿刺过程中骨骼碎片堵塞骨髓穿刺针的情况。
实用新型采用了特别的深度定位方式:钢珠限位原理。由位于外套筒10内槽内的钢珠9和骨骼表面定位装置配合定位,。初始状态时钢珠位于定位斜面块3的斜面顶端,钢珠位于外套筒10内槽,卡死在内导筒8壁上的通孔中。当定位针2定位在骨骼表面后,推动定位斜面块3相对内导筒8向上运动,钢珠9相对定位斜面块3沿其斜面向下运动,同时钢珠9相对与外套筒10沿其壁上的内槽斜面向上运动。当钢珠相对运动到定位斜面块3的底端时,钢珠9恰好从外套筒10的内槽中脱出,内导筒8与外套筒10脱开,从而使操作者外加的穿刺力仅作用在外套筒10上,确保穿刺的安全性。

Claims (2)

1、一体化胸骨输液器,其特征是:包括骨髓穿刺针(1)和对骨骼表面定位并使骨髓穿刺针穿刺到位的送针器;其中,穿刺针安装在送针器中心的顶针(6)上;送针器由骨骼表面定位装置、钢珠(9)、外套筒(10)构成;骨骼表面定位装置包括定位斜面块(3)、封头(5)、顶针(6)、弹簧(7)、内导筒(8);其中定位斜面块位于内导筒内,其前端安装有至少三个均布在圆周上的定位针(2)、定位斜面块的侧面上具有导向销(4),位于内导筒的导向槽内,封头通过螺纹连接在内导筒的顶端;顶针通过粘结连接在封头的中心,钢珠位于由内导筒壁上的通孔及外套筒内壁的凹槽组合构成的球室内,弹簧安装在内导筒的封头与定位斜面块之间,给定位斜面块施加预紧力,使斜面块顶在钢球上而将装置锁定。
2、根据权利要求1所述的一体化胸骨输液器,其特征是:骨髓穿刺针(1)前端侧面开孔。
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