Constitution of the invention
An object of the utility model is to overcome the weak point among the prior art, and provide one kind and need not to relay rubbish, environmental pollution is few, and investment cost and running cost are lower, the higher municipal domestic waste processing apparatus of energy recovery rate.
The purpose of the utility model is realized by the following ways.
Municipal solid waste processing apparatus, including a stove, this stove has first furnace chamber and heating device, and first furnace chamber has the feed inlet and arranges the cinder notch, and its structural feature is: the first furnace chamber which can be closed is also provided with a gas outlet, a gas recovery device is connected with the gas outlet, and a first furnace wall is isolated between the heating device and the first furnace chamber.
The heating device must be isolated from the first oven chamber to ensure that open flames do not enter the first oven chamber.
The urban domestic garbage is approximately 50 percent-60 percent of water, 10 percent of inorganic matters and 30 percent of-40% organic matter. Most of the organic substances are hydrocarbons,for example, most of the three major synthetic materials in organic matter: plastics, rubber, synthetic fibers, and bamboo and wood waste and kitchen waste are also hydrocarbons.
The hydrocarbons in the furnace chamber are liquefied during the high-temperature roasting in the oxygen-deficient state, and as the reaction progresses and the temperature of the furnace chamber rises, the liquid hydrocarbon mixture is decomposed into saturated and unsaturated gaseous hydrocarbons, such as:
and, the long chain gaseous hydrocarbons will continue to decompose until they are completely cracked into short chain, low molecular weight mixed combustible gases, such as:
among the shortest molecular chain gaseous hydrocarbons, methane, butane, butene, and the like are possible. These combustible gases are in turn classified as liquefiable and difficult to liquefy, and in addition to the difficulty in liquefying methane and ethylene, most of the gases in the mixed combustible gases can be liquefied.
The bamboo and wood and kitchen waste (kitchen residual material) are dehydrated into coke under the high-temperature and oxygen-deficient baking of the furnace chamber, and the coke and inorganic substances (fine sand, soil mixture and the like) which do not participate in cracking reaction are discharged out of the furnace chamber from a slag discharge port.
Because the coke has light weight, the light coke can be separated from inorganic matters after floating on the water surface through conventional water separation.
It must be emphasized again that this cracking reaction must be carried out in an oxygen-depleted state, otherwise the gases are easily burnt after they are produced.
The object of the present invention can also be achieved by the following means.
The distribution quantity of the flame outlet of the heating device increases gradually from the end where the feed inlet is positioned.
In this way, the temperature in the furnace chamber increases in a gradient from the feed opening along the furnace chamber axis.
The temperature distribution in the furnace chamber corresponds to the temperature required by each procedure in the whole cracking reaction process, thereby being beneficial to the high-efficiency operation of the cracking reaction and saving energy sources.
The first furnace body forming the first furnace chamber is cylindrical, and the feed inlet, the slag discharge port and the gas outlet are respectively positioned at the two ends and the upper part of the cylinder.
The first furnace chamber is also provided with a pressure relief port; or
The first furnace chamber is provided with a pressure relief opening, and the outlet end of the pressure relief opening is connected with an air extraction device.
In this way, the control of the furnace chamber pressure through the decompression port ensures the safe performance of the cracking process.
The furnace charge moving device is also included, and the moving executing part is arranged in the first furnace chamber.
The axial displacement speed of the charge material movement device can be further selected to be 1-10 m/min.
The furnace charge moving device can be a device for pushing the furnace charge to move, a device for turning over the furnace charge, and a device for combining turning over and moving.
The furnace charge moving device can ensure that the furnace charge is heated uniformly and is beneficial to the formation of the temperature gradient in the furnace chamber, because the furnace charge which just enters the furnace chamber needs to consume more heat, but the temperature consumption of the furnace charge is gradually reduced along with the movement of the furnace charge in the furnace chamber, so that the temperature gradient canbe formed in the furnace chamber even if the flame distribution points in the heating device are uniformly distributed. The charge moving device thus supports the efficiency of the cracking reaction and, when used in conjunction with a feeder and an extractor, allows the furnace chamber to continue the cracking reaction with continuous feeding and continuous extraction.
The specific selection of the charge moving device can be as follows:
the furnace charge moving device is a stirrer and comprises a driving device and a moving executing part which takes a stirring blade as a moving executing part, wherein the stirring blade is spirally and fixedly connected on a shaft, and one end of the shaft is in transmission connection with the driving device arranged outside a first furnace body.
The specific forms of the stirring blades are various, and the following two forms are adopted:
the stirring blade is a continuous spiral surface and is spirally attached to the shaft like a screw thread;
the plurality of stirring blades are discontinuously distributed along the axial direction, and two adjacent stirring blades are staggered with each other along the circumferential direction.
The stirring blades are distributed discontinuously, so that the dead weight can be reduced, and the effects of turning and moving the furnace burden are achieved.
The monomer structure shape of the stirring blades distributed discontinuously can be as follows:
the stirring blade comprises paddle and paddle pole, and paddle pole both ends head corresponds the rigid coupling with axle and paddle respectively, and paddle length direction inclines in the axis of axle and the space is criss-cross, and the incline direction and the angle of inclination of all relative axes of paddle are all unanimous.
The stirring blade is coaxial with the first furnace chamber, and the rotation diameter of the stirring blade is 2-10 mm smaller than the inner diameter of the first furnace chamber.
Another structural design that can allow the furnace burden to fully turn in the furnace chamber can be as follows:
comprising a drive, the first furnace body being a rotary furnace which is rotatably supported on a support and is rotatably connected to the drive.
Such a rotary furnace simultaneously facilitates a uniform heating of the charge.
Also, in order to facilitate the movement of the charge in the furnace chamber, it is possible to design:
the first furnace body is distributed from the feed inlet end to the slag discharge port end in a downward inclined manner.
Further options are: the inclination angle of the first furnace body is 3-8 degrees.
This inclined design undoubtedly facilitates the movement of the charge.
The method of always keeping a sufficient amount of ash accumulated at the slag discharge port during slag discharge is not an essential feature of the present invention, but is an extremely convenient and effective sealing method.
In order to ensure that the sealing method is realized, the slag discharging amount of the slag discharging device per unit time is smaller than the feeding amount of the feeding hole per unit time.
The feeder motion executive component is arranged on a feeding channel communicated with the feeding hole. The feeder can be a spiral feeder or a push feeder.
The slag extractor is characterized by also comprising a slag extractor, wherein a slag extractor movement executing part is arranged on a slag discharging channel communicated with the slag discharging port.
The slag extractor may be a screw discharger.
Of course, the furnace chamber may also be connected to the inlet end of the slag extractor below the chute by means of a chute.
Optionally, a pressure sensor, such as: the pressure-sensitive element of the pressure sensor is arranged at the slag discharging port, and the electric signal output end of the pressure sensor is electrically connected with the control end of the slag discharging device driving device. Only when the slag is accumulated to a sufficient amount at the slag discharge port and the weight of the slag reaches the working critical point of the pressure sensor, the pressure sensor can send an electric signal and send the electric signal into the control end of the driving device after a series of necessary conventional preprocessing (such as signal amplification), at the moment, the slag discharger is allowed to start working, in the slag discharge working process, the pressure sensor is always in the working state and monitors the weight of the slag at any time, when the weight of the slag is insufficient, the pressure sensor does not send the electric signal any more, and the driving device stops working and does not discharge the slag any more. Thus, the slag discharging opening is sealed by the slag of the furnace burden accumulated on the slag discharging opening.
The pressure sensor and the signal processing and control circuit are conventional technologies and are not described herein.
Of course, other sealing methods may be chosen besides, for example:
a sealing device is arranged between the motion executing part and the slag discharging channel.
There are many mature proposals in the conventional art for treating the collected gas. In addition, the applicant provides in particular the following solution:
comprises a condensing device, a liquefying device, a gas-liquid separating device and a gas burner, wherein the four devices are respectively connected in sequence by pipelines, meanwhile, the condensing device is connected with a gas recovery device, the gas burner is arranged in a heating device,
thus, after condensation, the water vapor is removed from the recovered gas and clean distilled water is obtained; the combustible gas is separated into liquefied gas after compression treatment and cooling through desulfurization and purification (conventional technology of a synthetic ammonia plant) and then is sent into a liquefied gas tank; the difficult liquefied gas (such as methane) can be returned to the heating device to be used as heating fuel, or can be properly mixed with air and then sent to a city life gas pipeline, and can also be purified to produce methanol.
It is better if the municipal solid waste is treated as follows before being fed into the furnace chamber as furnace charge:
comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
1 provides a magnetic separation device and an aluminum separation device,
2, the municipal solid waste is sent into a magnetic separation device and an aluminum separation device to remove metal materials and then is sent into a feeding material
The device is provided with a plurality of devices,
3, the domestic garbage is taken as furnace charge and is fed into the furnace chamber through the feeding hole.
To sum up, compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages:
1. can treat various urban domestic garbage without sorting and waste gas and waste water discharge.
2. The garbage is cracked into combustible gas, coke and the like. Except that part of gas is used for heating the system, a considerable proportion (about 10 percent) of the gas can be liquefied and sold (the quality meets the relevant national standard), and the system has good economic benefit.
3. High temperature heating rather than combustion avoids the possibility of "dioxin" gas generation.
4. Compared with the burning method, the process operation is simple and easy, the equipment investment is saved, and the operation cost is low.
5. The energy recovery rate is high and can reach 60 to 80 percent of the resource (municipal domestic waste).
6. Convenient site selection, changeable treatment scale, strong adaptability and easy industrialized popularization.
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Best mode of carrying out the invention:
referring to the attached drawings, the municipal solid waste treatment device comprises a furnace, a feeder, a slag extractor, a gas recovery device 4, a condensing device 5, a liquefying device 6, a gas-liquid separating device 7 and a liquefied gas tank 8. The furnace is provided with a first furnace body and a second furnace body, wherein the first furnace body is cylindrical, andthe inner cavity of the first furnace body is a first furnace chamber 11; the second furnace body surrounds the first furnace body, the annular cavity between the first furnace body and the second furnace body is a second furnace chamber 13, and a heating device is arranged in the second furnace chamber 13. The first furnace chamber 11 has a feed inlet 111 above the front end thereof and a slag discharge outlet 112 below the rear end thereof, and an air outlet 113 is located above the rear end of the first furnace chamber 11. A pressure relief port 114 is located in the middle of the first furnace chamber 11, and the pressure relief port 114 is externally connected with a pressure relief pipe having a valve thereon. The feeder communicates with the feed inlet 111 through an inclined tube, and similarly, the slag extractor communicates with the slag discharge port 112 through an inclined tube. A movement actuator of a charge movement device is mounted in the first chamber 11; the first furnace body is distributed from the feed inlet end to the slag discharge port end in a downward inclination way, and the inclination angle is 4 degrees.
The first furnace body is internally provided with a furnace charge moving device which can turn and move the furnace charge and is a stirrer, the stirrer comprises a driving device 142 and a moving executing piece which is made of stirring blades, the stirring blades are discontinuously distributed along the axial direction, two adjacent stirring blades are staggered along the circumferential direction, and one end of a shaft is in transmission connection with the driving device 142 arranged outside the first furnace body. The stirring blade consists of a blade 144 and a blade rod 143, two ends of the blade rod 143 are respectively and correspondingly fixedly connected with the shaft and the blade 144, the length direction of the blade 144 is inclined to the axis of the shaft and is crossed in space, and the inclined directions and the inclined angles of all the blades 144 relative to the axis are consistent. The stirring blade is coaxial with the first furnace chamber 11 and the revolving diameter of the stirring blade is less than 5 mm of the inner diameter of the first furnace chamber 11.
The feeder comprises a discharge hopper 21, a feed box 22, a connecting rod crank mechanism 23 and a pusher 24. The lower hopper 21 is positioned above the feeding box 22, the feeding box 22 is arranged on a feeding channel communicated with the feeding hole 111, the material pushing device 24 is positioned in the feeding box 22, the front end of the material pushing device is hinged with the connecting rod crank mechanism 23, and the other end of the connecting rod crank mechanism 23 is in transmission connection with a third driving device which is an electric motor.
The outlet end of the feed box 22 has a tapered section 25 with a decreasing cross-sectional area; the pusher 24 is moved in the feed box 22 at its farthest point and has a distance difference A between the end surface 26 of the outlet of the feed box 22, the distance difference A having a length of 800 mm.
The slag discharger is a spiral discharger. The movement executing part 31 is a middle screw rod which is arranged on a cylindrical slag discharging channel, the first furnace chamber slag discharging port 112 is communicated with the slag discharging channel through an inclined pipe, and the rear end of the screw rod is in transmission connection with a motor. A pressure-sensitive element of a pressure sensor is arranged at a slag discharge port 112, an electric signal output end of the pressure sensor is electrically connected with a driving circuit after passing through an electric signal amplifying circuit, and a signal output end of the driving circuit is electrically connected with a motor control end. A sealing device is installed between the motion executing member 31 and the slag discharging passage.
The heating means comprise a grate 121 in the second chamber 13, which can be used to contain solid fuel, and a gas burner 122, the combustion of which can be used to heat the first chamber when the waste management device is in operation. The gas burner 122 is connected to the outlet of the difficult-to-liquefy gas in the gas-liquid separator 7, so that the solid fuel can be not combusted any more and only the difficult-to-liquefy gas can be combusted to heat the first furnace chamber after the garbage disposer starts to produce the combustion gas.
The outer wall of the second furnace body is provided with a heat-insulating layer, and a smoke exhaust pipe 131 is communicated with the second furnace chamber 13. The first furnace wall is made of stainless steel material, so that the second furnace chamber is completely isolated from the first furnace chamber.
The gas outlet 113 is connected to the gas recovery device 4, the condensing device 5, the liquefying device 6, and the gas-liquid separation device 7 in this order via a single pipe, and the liquefied gas outlet of the gas-liquid separation device 7 is communicated with the liquefied gas tank 8. The recovered combustion gas is condensed into distilled water to be removed after passing through a condensing device 5, and the combustion gas is liquefied at normal temperature and 15 kg pressure after being purified and desulfurized and then is sent to a gas-liquid separation device 7. Liquefied gas is introduced into the liquefied gas tank, and the difficult-to-liquefy gas is fed to the gas burner 122 for combustion.