CN221327227U - Double-path complementary Newton ring interference device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a double-path complementary Newton ring interference device, which comprises a first guide rail, a second guide rail and a third guide rail, wherein the first guide rail and the second guide rail are parallel, the third guide rail is arranged between the first guide rail and the second guide rail, a light source, a beam splitter, a Newton ring device, a first convex lens and a first receiving unit are sequentially connected onto the first guide rail in a sliding manner, a second convex lens and a reflecting mirror are sequentially connected onto the third guide rail in a sliding manner, and a second receiving unit is connected onto the second guide rail in a sliding manner. The utility model can observe interference fringes produced by reflected light and transmitted light at the same time, and verify the law of conservation of energy by exploring the complementarity between the two interference patterns.

Description

Double-path complementary Newton ring interference device

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of teaching equipment, in particular to a double-path complementary Newton ring interference device.

Background

In the traditional experiment of Newton's ring interference, a plane convex lens with a large curvature radius is placed on an optical glass to form a Newton's ring interference device, and an air film with a spherical upper surface and a planar lower surface is formed between the convex lens and the flat glass. However, there are some disadvantages to the conventional test methods, such as:

1. The instrument only utilizes the interference of reflected light, only one Newton ring can be observed, the utilization efficiency of the instrument is low, the universality is not high, and the expansibility is not strong;

2. The Newton rings are hard to observe in a darkroom, the eyes are easy to blur and ache, and the experience of the experiment is poor;

3. The visual manual measurement is irreversible, and can lead to large human errors;

4. the processing of experimental data and the analysis of experimental results are too dependent on mathematical tools to be separated from physical knowledge.

The comparison document CN110189603A discloses a Newton's ring experimental device observed by a digital camera, which relates to the technical field of teaching equipment, adopts the digital camera to replace a micrometer eyepiece with a smaller visual field and a reading microscope as an observation tool, can observe optical experimental phenomena in a larger range, can observe experimental phenomenon details with a micron-sized size, can amplify and observe image details through an electronic view finding display screen, can conveniently observe the experimental phenomena, and can greatly reduce the difficulty of light path adjustment. The experimental phenomenon and the experimental method are convenient to explain. No mechanical movement and small measurement error. The digital camera directly records the annular interference fringe, and the diameter of the interference fringe is measured from the interference fringe diagram by using software, so that return error can not be generated. And each set of experimental equipment is not required to be matched with a computer, so that the requirement on the laboratory site is low, students can learn a more modern experimental method, and the study interest of the students is stimulated. However, the experimental apparatus only observes the interference fringes of the reflected light, and does not use the interference fringes of the transmitted light and compares the two sets of experimental data to investigate the complementary relationship between them.

Disclosure of utility model

In order to solve the above problems, the present utility model provides a two-way complementary newton ring interference device, which can observe interference fringes generated by reflected light and transmitted light simultaneously, and compare two sets of experimental data to explore the complementary relationship between them, so as to roughly verify the law of conservation of energy.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the double-path complementary Newton ring interference device comprises a first guide rail, a second guide rail and a third guide rail, wherein the first guide rail and the second guide rail are parallel, the third guide rail is arranged between the first guide rail and the second guide rail, the first guide rail is sequentially connected with a light source, a beam splitter, a Newton ring device, a first convex lens and a first receiving unit in a sliding manner, the third guide rail is sequentially connected with a second convex lens and a reflecting mirror in a sliding manner, and the second guide rail is connected with a second receiving unit in a sliding manner.

In the technical scheme, before an experiment, the distance between the optical devices is adjusted according to the imaging rule of 1/v+1/u=1/f of the convex lens, and interference patterns of reflected light or transmitted light can be observed on the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit. Where v is the distance, u is the object distance, and f is the focal length of the convex lens. In an experiment, a light source, a first convex lens, a second convex lens, a Newton ring device, a beam splitter, a reflector, a first receiving unit and a second receiving unit are taken as optical elements, wherein the light source emits parallel light, the light is split into two beams after passing through the beam splitter, one beam of transmitted light is vertically incident on the Newton ring device, and meanwhile, interference patterns of reflected light and transmitted light are generated; the interference of the transmitted light is converged by the first convex lens through the Newton ring device and then imaged on the first receiving unit; the interference of the reflected light is reflected by the beam splitter, changes the direction of the light path, and is injected into the second convex lens, reflected by the reflector and converged on the second receiving unit for imaging.

As a preferred embodiment, the third guide rail is disposed perpendicular to the first guide rail and the second guide rail, respectively, in order to adjust the intervals of the light source, the first convex lens, the second convex lens, the newton ring device, the beam splitter, the reflecting mirror, the first receiving unit, and the second receiving unit.

As a preferable mode, in order to form an optical path required for the experiment, the light source, the newton ring device, the first convex lens and the first receiving unit are oriented identically and are all arranged along the linear direction of the first guide rail, the beam splitter corresponds to the position of the third guide rail and is oriented obliquely to the newton ring device and the second convex lens, the second convex lens is arranged along the linear direction of the third guide rail, the reflector corresponds to the position of the second guide rail and is oriented obliquely to the position of the second receiving unit and the second convex lens, and the second receiving unit is oriented to the position of the reflector.

As a preferable scheme, the bottom of light source, first convex lens, second convex lens, newton ring device, beam splitter, reflector, first receiving element and second receiving element is equipped with the slider respectively, light source, beam splitter, newton ring device, first convex lens and first receiving element pass through respectively the slider sliding connection is in on the first guide rail, second convex lens and reflector pass through respectively slider sliding connection is in on the third guide rail, the second receiving element passes through slider sliding connection is in on the second guide rail, each slider can carry out the straight line slip in order to adjust the interval of optical element on the slider along first guide rail, second guide rail and the third guide rail.

As a preferable mode, since the optical elements are different in size, the heights of the optical elements need to be adjusted to form an optical path, height adjusting frames are respectively arranged in the vertical direction of the sliding blocks, and the light source, the first convex lens, the second convex lens, the newton ring device, the beam splitter, the reflecting mirror, the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit are respectively arranged on the height adjusting frames.

As a preferred scheme, the height adjusting frame is rotatably connected with the top of the slider in order to rotate the mirror and the beam splitter to change the angle of incidence of light to form an optical path required for experiments.

As a preferable mode, the height adjusting frame connected with the newton ring device is provided with a precision adjusting piece, and the newton ring device is arranged on the precision adjusting piece.

As a preferable mode, in order to reduce the occupied space of the experimental device, the focal length of the first convex lens is +/-50 mm, and the focal length of the second convex lens is +/-100 mm.

As a preferable scheme, in order to avoid inaccurate radius measurement caused by the fact that the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit receive light with multiple colors, an error in calculating the radius of curvature is increased, and the wavelength needs to be filtered by emitting light from a light source, so that a light filter is connected to a track between the light source and a beam splitter in a sliding manner.

As a preferred solution, in order to more clearly observe and measure newton rings and to ensure accuracy of measurement data thereof, the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit are identical and are both a CCD camera or a white screen.

Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that:

According to the utility model, the light emitted by the light source is divided into two beams by the beam splitter, and then the reflected light and the transmitted light generate two groups of interference fringes for simultaneous observation by the first convex lens, the second convex lens, the Newton ring device and the reflector, and the two groups of interference fringe experimental data are compared to explore the complementary relationship, so that the energy conservation law is roughly verified, and the experimental purposes are diversified.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a two-way complementary Newton ring interference device of the present utility model;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of embodiment 2;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the optical path of the present utility model;

fig. 4 is an imaging diagram of a first receiving unit;

Fig. 5 is an imaging diagram of a second receiving unit.

In the figure: a first guide rail 1; a second guide rail 2; a third guide rail 3; a slider 4; a height adjusting frame 5; a light source 6; a beam splitter 7; newton ring device 8; a fine adjustment member 801; a first convex lens 9; a second convex lens 10; a reflector 11; a filter 12; a first CCD camera 13; a second CCD camera 14; a first white screen 15; a second white screen 16.

Detailed Description

The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating the embodiments, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the actual product dimensions; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted. The positional relationship depicted in the drawings is for illustrative purposes only and is not to be construed as limiting the present patent.

The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the utility model correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present utility model, it should be understood that, if there are terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "long", "short", etc., that indicate an azimuth or a positional relationship based on the azimuth or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, but it is not indicated or implied that the apparatus or element to be referred must have a specific azimuth, be constructed and operated in a specific azimuth, and thus terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present patent, and it is possible for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand the specific meaning of the above terms according to the specific circumstances.

The technical scheme of the utility model is further specifically described by the following specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings:

example 1:

As shown in fig. 1 and 3, a two-way complementary newton ring interference device is provided, the device includes a first guide rail 1 and a second guide rail 2 which are parallel, a third guide rail 3 arranged between the first guide rail 1 and the second guide rail 2, a light source 6, a first convex lens 9, a second convex lens 10, a newton ring device 8, a beam splitter 7, a reflector 11, a first receiving unit and a second receiving unit, the light source 6, the beam splitter 7, the newton ring device 8, the first convex lens 9 and the first receiving unit are sequentially and slidably connected to the first guide rail 1, the second convex lens 10 and the reflector 11 are sequentially and slidably connected to the third guide rail 3, and the second receiving unit is slidably connected to the second guide rail 2.

In this embodiment, the object distance and the distance are adjusted according to the imaging size, and interference patterns of reflected light or transmitted light can be observed on the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit. Wherein the light source 6 emits white light, the white light is split into two beams after passing through the beam splitter 7, one beam of transmitted light is vertically incident on the Newton ring device 8, and an interference pattern of reflected light and transmitted light is generated at the same time; the interference of the transmitted light is converged by the first convex lens 9 through the Newton ring device 8 and then imaged on the first receiving unit; the interference of the reflected light is reflected by the beam splitter 7, changes the direction of the light path, and enters the second convex lens 10, and then is reflected by the reflector 11 and focused on the second receiving unit for imaging.

Specifically, the third guide rail 3 is disposed perpendicular to the first guide rail 1 and the second guide rail 2, and in this embodiment, the first guide rail 1, the second guide rail 2, and the third guide rail 3 are all linear guide rails.

Specifically, the directions of the light source 6, the newton ring device 8, the first convex lens 9 and the first receiving unit are the same and all set along the straight line direction of the first guide rail 1, the beam splitter 7 corresponds to the position of the third guide rail 3 and inclines towards the newton ring device 8 and the second convex lens 10, the second convex lens 10 is set along the straight line direction of the third guide rail 3, the reflective mirror 11 corresponds to the position of the second guide rail 2 and inclines towards the positions of the second receiving unit and the second convex lens 10, and the second receiving unit faces the position of the reflective mirror 11.

In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 3, the beam splitter 7 is set to rotate 45 degrees counterclockwise, and the mirror 11 is set to rotate 45 degrees clockwise.

Specifically, the bottoms of the light source 6, the first convex lens 9, the second convex lens 10, the newton ring device 8, the beam splitter 7, the reflecting mirror 11, the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit are respectively provided with a sliding block 4, the light source 6, the beam splitter 7, the newton ring device 8, the first convex lens 9 and the first receiving unit are respectively connected to the first guide rail 1 in a sliding manner through the sliding blocks 4, the second convex lens 10 and the reflecting mirror 11 are respectively connected to the third guide rail 3 in a sliding manner through the sliding blocks 4, and the second receiving unit is connected to the second guide rail 2 in a sliding manner through the sliding blocks 4.

In this embodiment, the slider 4 is provided with a fastener, which may be a locking pin or a bolt, and the fastener can fix the slider 4, so that readjustment is required after the slider 4 is touched by mistake.

Specifically, the height adjusting frames 5 are respectively arranged in the vertical direction of each sliding block 4, and the light source 6, the first convex lens 9, the second convex lens 10, the newton ring device 8, the beam splitter 7, the reflective mirror 11, the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit are respectively mounted on each height adjusting frame 5.

In this embodiment, the height adjusting frame 5 is a telescopic structure formed by combining two sleeved sleeves, locking screws are arranged between the two sleeves, and the light source 6, the first convex lens 9, the second convex lens 10, the newton ring device 8, the beam splitter 7 and the reflective mirror 11 are fixed on each height adjusting frame 5 through bolts.

Specifically, the height adjusting frame 5 is rotatably connected to the top of the slider 4. A precision adjusting member 801 is mounted on the height adjusting frame 5 connected to the newton ring device 8, and the newton ring device 8 is mounted on the precision adjusting member 801.

In the present embodiment, the angle adjustment range of the precision adjustment member 801 is ±3 ^° _.

Specifically, the focal length of the first convex lens 9 is ±50mm, and the focal length of the second convex lens 10 is ±100mm.

In the present embodiment, the focal lengths of the first convex lens 9 and the second convex lens 10 are small, so that the optical path becomes short, so that the occupation area required for the experiment becomes small.

Specifically, the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit are a first CCD camera 13 and a second CCD camera 14, respectively.

In this embodiment, the first CCD camera 13 and the second CCD camera 14 are respectively connected to two computers, and the corresponding newton ring interference pattern can be seen on the screen by opening IMAGEVIEW and selecting the port, as shown in fig. 4 and 5. In the experiment, a soft graduated scale can be attached to a CCD camera lens for calibration, after calibration is completed, the dark line radius of a reflected light interference pattern and the front decade ring of the bright line radius of a transmitted light interference pattern are measured, the curvature radius of the reflected light interference pattern and the curvature radius of the transmitted light interference pattern are calculated respectively, the diameter of the dark ring measured by the reflected light interference and the diameter of the bright ring measured by the transmitted light interference are compared, the front five rings are taken for comparison, the diameters of the bright and dark rings are basically equal, and the fact that complementarity exists between the bright and dark rings of Newton ring images generated by the reflected light interference and the transmitted light interference is explained, and the physical concept of the law of energy conservation is met.

Example 2:

The present embodiment is similar to embodiment 1, except that in the present embodiment, the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit may be a first white screen 15 and a second white screen 16.

In the present embodiment, the first white screen 15, the second white screen 16, the transmitted light and the reflected light can be imaged on the first white screen 15 and the second white screen 16, respectively.

Example 3:

This embodiment is similar to embodiments 1 and 2, except that in this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, the optical filter 12 is slidingly connected to the track between the light source 6 and the beam splitter 7.

In this embodiment, since the light source 6 is white light, the pattern has a plurality of colors, which not only causes inaccurate radius measurement, but also increases the error due to the average wavelength required in calculating the radius of curvature, and the filter 12 is added to select and filter the wavelengths, and the filter 12 has five wavelengths, namely 365nm,405nm,436nm, 540 nm,577nm.

While embodiments of the present utility model have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the utility model, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the utility model.

It is to be understood that the above examples of the present utility model are provided by way of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the utility model. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the utility model are desired to be protected by the following claims.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a double-circuit complementary Newton ring interference device, its characterized in that, including parallel first guide rail (1) and second guide rail (2) and set up in third guide rail (3) between first guide rail (1) and second guide rail (2), sliding connection has light source (6), beam splitter (7), newton ring device (8), first convex lens (9) and first receiving element on first guide rail (1) in proper order, sliding connection has second convex lens (10) and reflector (11) on third guide rail (3), sliding connection has second receiving element on second guide rail (2).

2. A two-way complementary newton ring interference device according to claim 1, wherein the third guide rail (3) is arranged perpendicular to the first guide rail (1) and the second guide rail (2), respectively.

3. A two-way complementary newton ring interference device according to claim 2, wherein the light source (6), the newton ring device (8), the first convex lens (9) and the first receiving unit are oriented identically and are all arranged along the straight direction of the first guide rail (1), the beam splitter (7) corresponds to the position of the third guide rail (3) and is inclined towards the newton ring device (8) and the second convex lens (10), the second convex lens (10) is arranged along the straight direction of the third guide rail (3), the reflective mirror (11) corresponds to the position of the second guide rail (2) and is inclined towards the position of the second receiving unit and the second convex lens (10), and the second receiving unit is oriented towards the position of the reflective mirror (11).

4. The two-way complementary newton ring interference device according to claim 1, wherein the light source (6), the first convex lens (9), the second convex lens (10), the newton ring device (8), the beam splitter (7), the reflector (11), the first receiving unit and the bottom of the second receiving unit are respectively provided with a sliding block (4), the light source (6), the beam splitter (7), the newton ring device (8), the first convex lens (9) and the first receiving unit are respectively connected to the first guide rail (1) in a sliding manner through the sliding blocks (4), the second convex lens (10) and the reflector (11) are respectively connected to the third guide rail (3) in a sliding manner through the sliding blocks (4), and the second receiving unit is connected to the second guide rail (2) in a sliding manner through the sliding blocks (4).

5. The two-way complementary newton ring interference device according to claim 4, wherein a height adjusting frame (5) is respectively arranged in the vertical direction of each sliding block (4), and the light source (6), the first convex lens (9), the second convex lens (10), the newton ring device (8), the beam splitter (7), the reflective mirror (11), the first receiving unit and the second receiving unit are respectively installed on each height adjusting frame (5).

6. A two-way complementary newton ring interference device according to claim 5, wherein the height adjustment bracket (5) is rotatably connected to the top of the slider (4).

7. The two-way complementary newton ring interference device according to claim 5, wherein a precision adjusting member (801) is mounted on the height adjusting frame (5) corresponding to the newton ring device (8), and the newton ring device (8) is mounted on the precision adjusting member (801).

8. A two-way complementary newton ring interference device according to claim 1, wherein the focal length of the first convex lens (9) is ±50mm and the focal length of the second convex lens (10) is ±100mm.

9. The double-path complementary Newton ring interference device according to claim 1, wherein an optical filter (12) is slidingly connected on a track between the light source (6) and the beam splitter (7).

10. The two-way complementary newton ring interference device of claim 1, wherein said first receiving unit and said second receiving unit are identical and are each a CCD camera or a white screen.