CN219938960U

CN219938960U - Potato harvester

Info

Publication number: CN219938960U
Application number: CN202321349128.XU
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郭昕; 周建东; 蒯立军; 郭生保; 鱼乾; 潘玉明
Original assignee: Ningxia Xindazhong Machinery Co ltd
Current assignee: NINGXIA HUI AUTONOMOUS REGION AGRICULTURAL MECHANIZATION TECHNOLOGY EXTENSION STATION; Ningxia Xindazhong Machinery Co ltd
Priority date: 2023-05-30
Filing date: 2023-05-30
Publication date: 2023-11-03
Anticipated expiration: 2033-05-30

Abstract

The utility model relates to a potato harvester, which comprises a frame, a moving device, an excavating device, a screening device, a conveying device and a collecting frame, wherein the frame is provided with a plurality of support plates; the moving device is arranged at the bottom of the frame and used for driving the frame to move; the digging device is arranged at the front side of the frame and is used for digging potatoes; the screening device is arranged on the frame, and the front end of the screening device is matched with the rear end of the excavating device and is used for separating potatoes and impurities; the conveying device and the collecting frame are both arranged on the frame; one end of the conveying device is matched with the rear end of the screening device, and the other end of the conveying device is matched with the collecting frame; the conveying device is used for conveying the separated potatoes to the collecting frame; according to the utility model, by arranging the multi-stage screening device, the effective separation of the stems and the mulching films is realized, the defect that the potatoes and the mulching films are difficult to separate under the condition of heavy soil is overcome, the mechanization of harvesting the potatoes is realized, and the method is economical, practical and low in operation cost.

Description

Potato harvester

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of harvesting equipment, in particular to a potato harvester.

Background

Potatoes are widely distributed and are rich in nutrition, and are called as underground apples. China is the country with the largest potato planting area in the world, the annual planting area and yield are respectively about 1050 hectares and 8000 ten thousand tons, and the country is one of the countries with the fastest annual consumption of potatoes. The potato adaptability is strong, the industrial chain length and the yield value are high, and development of potato production has important and irreplaceable strategic positions for optimizing and adjusting the agricultural structure, promoting the economic development and ensuring the grain safety. The machine is a large country for producing potatoes, and the improvement of the machine harvesting level of the potato machine has important significance for the production and development of the potatoes under the background that rural labor structures are changed and the labor cost is increasingly increased.

At present, potato harvesters applied in China are various in variety, wherein a large-scale combined harvester completely depends on import, and domestic research and development are mainly focused on small and medium-scale excavators, a small amount of large-scale excavators and combined harvesters with low automation degree and small machine types. The excavator digs out the potato and then lays the strip on the earth's surface, then picks up through the manual work and collect, and this kind of mode is great to the damage of potato, picks up and collects and take a large amount of manpower and materials with taking care of, does not fundamentally solve the mechanized problem of potato results, and the harvester does not form a complete set with agronomy, and practicality and reliability are poor, and the quality is not too hard, does not have ripe model to accept people yet. The large-area operation is needed for the medium-and-large-sized potato combine harvester, the large-area potato combine harvester is not suitable for small-area field operation and sloping field operation, the purchase cost and the operation cost are high, and the large-area popularization cannot be realized.

Disclosure of Invention

Based on the expression, the utility model provides a potato harvester, which realizes effective separation of stems and mulching films by arranging a multi-stage screening device, solves the defect that potatoes are difficult to separate from the mulching films and the stems and the mulching films under the condition of heavy soil, and realizes mechanization of potato harvesting.

The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows: a potato harvester comprises a frame, a moving device, an excavating device, a screening device, a conveying device and a collecting frame;

the moving device is arranged at the bottom of the frame and used for driving the frame to move;

the digging device is arranged at the front side of the frame and is used for digging potatoes;

the screening device is arranged on the frame, and the front end of the screening device is matched with the rear end of the excavating device and is used for separating potatoes and impurities;

the conveying device and the collecting frame are arranged on the frame; one end of the conveying device is matched with the rear end of the screening device, and the other end of the conveying device is matched with the collecting frame; the conveying device is used for conveying the separated potatoes to the collecting frame.

On the basis of the technical scheme, the utility model can be improved as follows.

Further, the screening device comprises a impurity removal conveying chain and a potato soil separation conveying chain; the impurity removing conveying chain and the potato and soil separating conveying chain are annular chain conveying belts with upper layers and lower layers, the upper half part moves from front to back, the lower half part moves from back to front, and the potato and soil separating conveying chain is positioned in the impurity removing conveying chain; the front ends of the impurity removal conveying chain and the potato soil separation chain are matched with the rear end of the excavating device, the rear end of the impurity removal conveying chain extends to the rear side of the rear end of the potato soil separation conveying chain, and one end of the conveying device is matched with the rear end of the potato soil separation conveying chain.

Further, the screening device comprises a driving shaft, a driving chain wheel, a supporting shaft and a supporting chain wheel;

the front end of the potato and soil separation conveying chain is sleeved on the driving shaft; the driving chain wheels are respectively arranged at the left end and the right end of the driving shaft, chains are arranged in the two sides of the impurity removal conveying chain, and the front ends of the chains on the two sides are respectively sleeved on the driving chain wheels on the two sides; the inner sides of the driving sprockets on two sides are coaxially provided with first gears, two ends of the driving shaft are coaxially provided with second gears respectively, and the two second gears are meshed with the first gears on the same side respectively;

the support shaft is positioned at the rear end, and the rear end of the potato and soil separation conveying chain is sleeved on the support shaft;

the support chain wheels are respectively arranged on the left side and the right side of the upper side and the lower side of the rear side of the support shaft, and are respectively matched with the rear ends of the chains on the two sides.

Further, the impurity removal conveying chain is net-shaped, and the mesh is larger than the size of the potatoes; the potato-soil separation conveying chain is of a flexible scraper structure, and the screening device further comprises a shaking device for driving the potato-soil separation conveying chain to vibrate.

Further, the first gear and the second gear have different numbers of teeth.

Further, the conveying device comprises a lifting mechanism and a horizontal conveying chain; the bottom end of the lifting mechanism is matched with the rear end of the potato and soil separation conveying chain; the horizontal conveying chain is positioned above the screening device, and the rear end of the horizontal conveying chain is matched with the top end of the lifting mechanism; the collecting frame is positioned at the front end of the horizontal conveying chain and matched with the front end of the horizontal conveying chain.

Further, the lifting mechanism comprises an annular lifting chain, the lifting chain is vertically arranged, and a plurality of hoppers are arranged on the inner wall of the lifting chain; the bottom end of the lifting chain is arranged in the impurity removal conveying chain and is positioned below the rear end of the potato soil separation conveying chain; the top end of the lifting chain is arranged above the rear end of the horizontal conveying chain.

Further, the excavating device comprises a soil pressing roller, an excavating head and an inclined conveying chain; the digging head is arranged at the front end of the inclined conveying chain; the rear end of the inclined conveying chain is inclined upwards, and the rear end of the inclined conveying chain is arranged above the front end of the screening device; the soil pressing roller is arranged at the front side of the digging head.

Further, an operation platform and an engine are arranged at the top of the frame, and the engine is connected with the moving device, the excavating device, the screening device and the conveying device through a hydraulic system.

Further, the moving device is a crawler wheel.

Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the utility model has the following beneficial technical effects:

1. according to the utility model, by arranging the multi-stage screening device, the effective separation of the stems and the mulching films is realized, the defect that the potatoes and the mulching films are difficult to separate under the condition of heavy soil is overcome, the mechanization of harvesting the potatoes is realized, and the method is economical, practical and low in operation cost;

2. the potato digging and collecting device can finish digging and collecting work of potatoes at one time, is small in damage, low in labor cost and high in working efficiency.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a potato harvester according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view illustrating the usage status of an embodiment of the present utility model

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a driving shaft and a driving sprocket according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

in the drawings, the list of components represented by the various numbers is as follows:

1. a mobile device; 2. an excavating device; 21. a soil compacting roller; 22. digging a head; 23. tilting the conveyor chain; 3. a screening device; 31. impurity removal conveying chains; 32. potato and soil separating and conveying chain; 33. a driving shaft; 34. a drive sprocket; 35. a support shaft; 36. a support sprocket; 37. a first gear; 38. a second gear; 4. a lifting mechanism; 41. a lifting chain; 42. a tile bucket; 5. a horizontal conveying chain; 6. a collection frame; 7. a frame; 8. an operating platform; 9. an engine.

Detailed Description

In order that the utility model may be readily understood, a more complete description of the utility model will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings. Embodiments of the utility model are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. This utility model may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this utility model belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the utility model is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the utility model.

As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising," and/or the like, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, or groups thereof.

A potato harvester comprises a frame 7, a moving device 1, an excavating device 2, a screening device 3, a conveying device and a collecting frame 6. The top of the frame 7 is provided with an operating platform 8 and an engine 9, which facilitate the control of the whole vending machine. The motor 9 is connected to the moving device 1, the excavating device 2, the screening device 3 and the conveying device by means of hydraulic systems.

The moving device 1 is installed at the bottom of the frame 7 for driving the whole harvester to move. In the embodiment, the mobile device 1 is a crawler wheel, so that the defects that the soil texture in the field is soft, the wheel train chassis is easy to clamp and the failure rate of the conveying system is high can be effectively overcome.

The digging device 2 is mounted at the bottom of the front side of the frame 7 for digging potatoes out of the field. In the present embodiment, the excavating device 2 includes a soil compacting roller 21, an excavating head 22, and an inclined conveying chain 23. The soil compacting roller 21 is arranged at the front side of the digging head 22, the soil compacting roller 21 crushes soil layers hardened by the potato planting soil ridges, and the shovel head 22 scoops up the potatoes together with the crushed soil layers. The front end of the inclined conveying chain 23 is connected to the digging head 22, and the rear end of the inclined conveying chain 23 is inclined upward, and the inclined conveying chain 23 conveys the potatoes dug by the digging head 22 and crushed soil layers together to the screening device 3 upward and rearward.

The screening device 3 is used for screening potatoes and impurities. The screening device 3 is mounted on the frame 7, and includes a trash removal conveyor chain 31, a potato soil separation conveyor chain 32, a driving shaft 33, a driving sprocket 34, a supporting shaft 35, and a supporting sprocket 36.

The impurity removing conveyor chain 31 and the potato soil separating conveyor chain 32 are annular chain conveyor belts with upper and lower layers, the upper half part moves from front to back, the lower half part moves from back to front, and the potato soil separating conveyor chain 32 is positioned in the impurity removing conveyor chain 31. The impurity removal conveyor 31 is mesh-like and the mesh is larger than the size of the potatoes. The potato and soil separating and conveying chain 32 is of a flexible scraper structure, and the screening device 3 further comprises a shaking device for driving the potato and soil separating and conveying chain 32 to vibrate.

The front ends of the impurity removal conveying chain 31 and the potato soil separating chain 32 are arranged below the rear end of the inclined conveying chain 23, and the rear end of the impurity removal conveying chain 31 extends to the rear side of the rear end of the potato soil separating conveying chain 32. After the potato and the crushed soil layer dug by the digging head 22 are conveyed to the upper rear part by the inclined conveying chain 23, the potato and the crushed soil layer fall onto the impurity removing conveying chain 31, the potato and the soil block fall onto the potato and soil separating conveying chain 32 through the meshes by means of gravity, sundries such as seedlings and mulching films move onto the impurity removing conveying chain 31 to the rear end of the impurity removing conveying chain 31 and fall freely, and the separation of sundries such as vines and mulching films from the potato is realized. After the potatoes and the soil blocks fall on the potato-soil separation conveying chain 32, the potato-soil separation conveying chain 32 shakes and breaks away the soil blocks wrapped on the potatoes, and the soil blocks fall to the ground under the action of gravity, so that the separation of the potatoes and the soil blocks is realized.

In addition, a driving shaft 33 and a driving sprocket 34 are rotatably mounted at the front of the frame 7, and a support shaft 35 and a support sprocket 36 are rotatably mounted at the rear of the frame 7. The front end of the potato and soil separating and conveying chain 32 is sleeved on the driving shaft 33. The driving sprockets 34 are respectively disposed at the left and right ends of the driving shaft 33, and the two driving sprockets 34 are connected with the engine 9 only through a hydraulic system, chains (not shown in the figure) are disposed inside the two sides of the impurity removal conveying chain 31, and the front ends of the chains on the two sides are respectively sleeved on the driving sprockets 34 on the two sides. The inner sides of the driving sprockets 34 on two sides are coaxially provided with first gears 37, two ends of the driving shaft 33 are coaxially provided with second gears 38 respectively, the two second gears 38 are meshed with the first gears 37 on the same side respectively, the engine 9 drives the driving sprockets 34 to rotate so as to drive the impurity removal conveying chain 31 to rotate, and the driving sprockets 34 drive the driving shaft to rotate through the first gears 37 and the second gears 38 so as to drive the potato soil separation conveying chain 32 to rotate. The rear end of the potato and soil separating and conveying chain 32 is sleeved on the supporting shaft 35. The support sprockets 36 are provided on the left and right sides of the back side of the support shaft 35 up and down, respectively, and the support sprockets 36 are fitted to the back ends of the chains on both sides, respectively.

In this embodiment, the number of teeth of the first gear 37 and the second gear 38 are different, so that the impurity removal conveying chain 31 and the potato soil separation conveying chain 32 rotate at different speeds, and the potato on the potato soil separation conveying chain 32 and the rhizome on the impurity removal conveying chain 31 are separated.

According to the embodiment, the multistage screening device 3 is arranged, so that effective separation of the stems and the mulching films is realized, the defect that the potatoes are difficult to separate from the mulching films and the stems and the mulching films under the condition of heavy soil is overcome, and mechanization of harvesting the potatoes is realized.

The conveying device comprises a lifting mechanism 4 and a horizontal conveying chain 5. The lifting mechanism 4 is arranged at the rear side of the frame 7 and comprises an annular lifting chain 41, the lifting chain 41 is vertically arranged, and a plurality of hoppers 42 are arranged on the inner wall of the lifting chain 41. The bottom end of the lifting chain 41 is disposed within the impurity removal conveyor chain 31 and below the rear end of the potato soil separation conveyor chain 32. After the potato and soil separating and conveying chain 32 conveys the potatoes separated to the rear end, the potatoes fall to the inner end of the lifting chain 41, and the lifting chain 41 moves the potatoes from below to above through the hoppers 42.

The horizontal conveyor chain 5 is arranged on the frame 7 above the screening device 3, and the rear end of the horizontal conveyor chain 5 is arranged below the top end of the lifting chain 41. The collection frame 6 is provided on the front side of the frame 7, and the collection frame 6 is located below the front end of the horizontal conveyance chain 5. The potatoes are sent to the top end of the frame 7 by a lifting chain 41, fall to the rear end of the horizontal conveying chain 5, and then are conveyed to the front end by the horizontal conveying chain 5 to fall into the collecting frame 6, so that the potatoes are collected.

The potato digging and collecting device can finish potato digging and collecting work at one time, is small in damage, low in labor cost and high in working efficiency.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the utility model is not intended to limit the utility model to the precise form disclosed, and any such modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the utility model are intended to be included within the scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. The potato harvester is characterized by comprising a frame, a moving device, an excavating device, a screening device, a conveying device and a collecting frame;

2. The potato harvester of claim 1, wherein the screening device comprises an impurity removal conveyor chain and a potato soil separation conveyor chain; the impurity removing conveying chain and the potato and soil separating conveying chain are annular chain conveying belts with upper layers and lower layers, the upper half part moves from front to back, the lower half part moves from back to front, and the potato and soil separating conveying chain is positioned in the impurity removing conveying chain; the front ends of the impurity removal conveying chain and the potato soil separation chain are matched with the rear end of the excavating device, the rear end of the impurity removal conveying chain extends to the rear side of the rear end of the potato soil separation conveying chain, and one end of the conveying device is matched with the rear end of the potato soil separation conveying chain.

3. A potato harvester as in claim 2 wherein the screening means comprises a drive shaft, a drive sprocket, a support shaft, a support sprocket;

4. A potato harvester as in claim 3 wherein the first gear and the second gear have different numbers of teeth.

5. A potato harvester as in claim 2 wherein the impurity removal conveyor is mesh and the mesh is larger than the size of the potatoes; the potato-soil separation conveying chain is of a flexible scraper structure, and the screening device further comprises a shaking device for driving the potato-soil separation conveying chain to vibrate.

6. A potato harvester as in claim 2 wherein the conveyor comprises a lifting mechanism and a horizontal conveyor chain; the bottom end of the lifting mechanism is matched with the rear end of the potato and soil separation conveying chain; the horizontal conveying chain is positioned above the screening device, and the rear end of the horizontal conveying chain is matched with the top end of the lifting mechanism; the collecting frame is positioned at the front end of the horizontal conveying chain and matched with the front end of the horizontal conveying chain.

7. The potato harvester of claim 6, wherein the lifting mechanism comprises an annular lifting chain, the lifting chain is vertically arranged, and a plurality of hoppers are arranged on the inner wall of the lifting chain; the bottom end of the lifting chain is arranged in the impurity removal conveying chain and is positioned below the rear end of the potato soil separation conveying chain; the top end of the lifting chain is arranged above the rear end of the horizontal conveying chain.

8. A potato harvester as in claim 1 wherein the digging apparatus comprises a soil compacting roller, a digging head and an inclined conveyor chain; the digging head is arranged at the front end of the inclined conveying chain; the rear end of the inclined conveying chain is inclined upwards, and the rear end of the inclined conveying chain is arranged above the front end of the screening device; the soil pressing roller is arranged at the front side of the digging head.

9. Potato harvester according to claim 1, characterized in that the top of the frame is provided with an operating platform and an engine, which is connected to the moving device, the excavating device, the screening device and the conveying device by means of a hydraulic system.

10. A potato harvester as in claim 1 wherein the moving means is a track wheel.