CN219429936U - Gasifier combustion chamber structure and entrained flow gasifier - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a gasifier combustion chamber structure and an entrained-flow gasifier, and relates to the field of coal chemical industry. The gasification furnace combustion chamber structure comprises a water-cooled wall type combustion chamber and a slag discharging section positioned at the bottom of the combustion chamber, wherein the slag discharging section comprises a top slag discharging section and a bottom slag discharging section, the diameter of the top slag discharging section is smaller than that of the bottom slag discharging section, the transition joint of the top slag discharging section and the bottom slag discharging section is in a step shape, and a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a hearth is arranged at the transition joint. Through setting up the sediment section down into sediment section down in top and sediment section down in bottom, the diameter of sediment section down in bottom is bigger, sets up temperature measuring device in the transition junction of sediment section down in top and sediment section down in bottom, because sediment section down in top and sediment section down in bottom junction are the ladder form, the slag is difficult to bond on the ladder face, and here temperature measurement can directly measure the true temperature of synthetic gas, thoroughly solves the combustion chamber through this technological transformation and adopts water-cooled wall gasifier temperature measurement difficult problem.

Description

Gasifier combustion chamber structure and entrained flow gasifier

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of coal chemical industry, in particular to a gasifier combustion chamber structure and an entrained flow gasifier.

Background

The entrained flow gasification method is a coal gasification method, which adopts powdered coal as raw material, and the powdered coal and gasifying agent are sprayed into a gasification furnace together, the reaction temperature is very high, and ash is discharged in a molten state. At present, two operation modes are mainly adopted in a hearth combustion chamber of an entrained flow gasifier, a brick gasifier is adopted in the combustion chamber or a water-cooled wall gasifier is adopted in the combustion chamber, and the two operation modes are different in temperature measurement mode, and specifically, the two operation modes are as follows:

(1) Furnace brick gasifier for combustion chamber

During normal operation, the wall surface of the combustion chamber is not hung with slag, so that a high-temperature thermocouple is generally adopted to directly measure the reaction temperature in the hearth, a hole is formed on the furnace brick, and the high-temperature thermocouple directly penetrates through the furnace brick (the head of the high-temperature thermocouple is generally selected to be flush with or shrink inwards with the furnace brick).

(2) The combustion chamber adopts a water-cooled wall gasifier (the combustion chamber is coated with a layer of refractory material on the fire surface).

There are mainly two ways of measuring temperature:

(1) the thermal resistor/thermal resistor is arranged on the fin plate of the water cooling wall pipe back to the combustion chamber or on the water cooling wall, and the slag with a certain thickness is hung on the refractory material of the water cooling wall of the combustion chamber during normal operation of the air flow bed gasifier of the water cooling wall type combustion chamber, so that the slag resistance effect is realized, and the actual temperature measurement indication is far less than the actual temperature of the hearth (the actual temperature is about 1450 ℃, and the temperature measurement meter shows far less than 1000 ℃ and has no practical meaning).

(2) On the burner or the burner cover, the temperature is simulated according to the light intensity by the infrared principle, and after the actual operation, the temperature measuring channel is protected by inert gas due to the too high pressure and temperature of the gasifier, so that the temperature measurement is greatly influenced, and the temperature measuring range upper limit value is displayed or displayed in general.

The two temperature measurement modes almost lose the significance of temperature measurement, and the real temperature of the hearth cannot be accurately measured.

In view of this, the present application is presented.

Disclosure of Invention

The utility model aims to provide a gasifier combustion chamber structure and an entrained-flow gasifier, which can more accurately measure the hearth reaction temperature of the gasifier.

Embodiments of the present utility model are implemented as follows:

the utility model provides a gasification furnace combustion chamber structure, which comprises a water-cooled wall type combustion chamber and a slag discharging section positioned at the bottom of the combustion chamber, wherein the slag discharging section comprises a top slag discharging section and a bottom slag discharging section, the diameter of the top slag discharging section is smaller than that of the bottom slag discharging section, the transition connection part of the top slag discharging section and the bottom slag discharging section is in a step shape, and a temperature measuring device for measuring the temperature of a hearth is arranged at the transition connection part.

In an alternative embodiment, the top slag discharging section and the bottom slag discharging section are both of a cylindrical water-cooled wall structure, the slag discharging section further comprises a turning-back water-cooled wall which is connected with the bottom of the top slag discharging section and turns back upwards, and the bottom slag discharging section is sleeved on the turning-back water-cooled wall.

In an alternative embodiment, the bottom slag discharging section and the turning-back water-cooling wall are connected through a connecting plate, the connecting plate is positioned at the top of the bottom slag discharging section and the turning-back water-cooling wall, and a mesoporous structure for filling cooling medium is arranged in the connecting plate.

In an alternative embodiment, the gap between the connecting plate and the bottom slag-off section and the return water wall is filled with sealing cotton.

In an alternative embodiment, the top slag down section has an overall diameter of 400mm to 800mm and the bottom slag down section has an overall diameter that is 1.5 to 2.0 times the overall diameter of the top slag down section.

In an alternative embodiment, the temperature measuring device is a thermocouple.

In an alternative embodiment, a threaded mounting tube is mounted in the opening in the connecting plate, the sheathed wires of the thermocouple pass through the connecting plate by the mounting tube, the part of the sheathed wires passing through the connecting plate is covered with a cylindrical rod, and the cylindrical rod is provided with threads matched with the mounting tube.

In an alternative embodiment, the armor wires pass downwardly through the gap between the foldback water wall and the bottom slag-down section and extend to the lower end of the foldback water wall, with the ends of the armor wires secured by fasteners; and a gap between the foldback water-cooled wall and the bottom slag discharging section is filled with sealing cotton.

In a second aspect, the present utility model provides an entrained flow gasifier comprising a gasifier combustion chamber structure according to any of the preceding embodiments.

In an alternative embodiment, the end of the bottom slag off section remote from the top slag off section is connected to a quench chamber or radiant waste boiler.

The embodiment of the utility model has the beneficial effects that: through setting up the sediment section down into sediment section down in top and sediment section down in bottom, the diameter of sediment section down in bottom is bigger, sets up temperature measuring device in the transition junction of sediment section down in top and sediment section down in bottom, because sediment section down in top and sediment section down in bottom junction are the ladder form, the slag is difficult to bond on the ladder face, and here temperature measurement can directly measure the true temperature of synthetic gas, thoroughly solves the combustion chamber through this technological transformation and adopts water-cooled wall gasifier temperature measurement difficult problem.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it being understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present utility model and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and other related drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an entrained flow gasifier according to an embodiment of the present utility model;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the junction of the top and bottom slag down sections of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the temperature measuring device of FIG. 1.

Icon 10-entrained flow gasifier; 100-a gasifier combustion chamber structure; 001-waterwall tubing; 002-burner; 003-thermocouple compensating wire; 110-a combustion chamber; 120-slag discharging section; 121-top slag section; 122-a bottom slag discharging section; 123-turning back a water cooling wall; 130-a temperature measuring device; 131-armor wires; 132-a cylindrical rod; 133-a fixing member; 140-connecting plates; 141-a mesoporous structure; 150-sealing cotton; 200-quench chamber or radiant waste boiler.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present utility model more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present utility model, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present utility model, but not all embodiments of the present utility model. The components of the embodiments of the present utility model generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations.

Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the utility model, as presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the utility model, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the utility model. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the utility model without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the utility model.

It should be noted that: like reference numerals and letters denote like items in the following figures, and thus once an item is defined in one figure, no further definition or explanation thereof is necessary in the following figures.

In the description of the present utility model, it should be noted that, directions or positional relationships indicated by terms such as "center", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc., are directions or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, or those that are conventionally put in use of the inventive product, are merely for convenience of describing the present utility model and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present utility model. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, the terms "horizontal," "vertical," and the like do not denote a requirement that the component be absolutely horizontal or overhang, but rather may be slightly inclined. As "horizontal" merely means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be perfectly horizontal, but may be slightly inclined.

In the description of the present utility model, it should also be noted that, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "disposed," "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present utility model will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

Referring to FIG. 1, the present utility model provides an entrained flow gasifier 10, which includes a gasifier combustion chamber structure 100 and a quench chamber or radiant waste boiler 200 located below, wherein the quench chamber or radiant waste boiler is disposed below the gasifier combustion chamber structure 100 according to different process requirements.

The gasifier combustion chamber structure 100 comprises a water-cooled wall type combustion chamber 110 and a slag discharging section 120 positioned at the bottom of the combustion chamber 110, wherein the slag discharging section 120 comprises a top slag discharging section 121 and a bottom slag discharging section 122, and one end of the bottom slag discharging section 122 far away from the top slag discharging section 121 is connected with a chilling chamber or a radiation waste boiler 200. The diameter of the top slag discharging section 121 is smaller than that of the bottom slag discharging section 122, the transition joint of the top slag discharging section 121 and the bottom slag discharging section 122 is in a step shape, and a temperature measuring device 130 for measuring the temperature of a hearth is arranged at the transition joint. Through setting up slag section 120 to top slag section 121 and bottom slag section 122 down, the diameter of slag section 122 is bigger under the bottom, sets up temperature measuring device 130 in the transition junction of slag section 121 under the top and slag section 122 under the bottom down, because slag is the ladder form in the junction under slag section 121 under the top and slag section 122 under the bottom, and the slag is difficult to bond on the ladder face, and the real temperature of synthetic gas can be directly measured to the here temperature measurement, thoroughly solves combustion chamber 110 and adopts the water-cooled wall gasifier temperature measurement difficult problem through this technological transformation.

Specifically, the transition connection between the top slag section 121 and the bottom slag section 122 is stepped, is similar to a horizontal step, and may be slightly inclined. The diameter of the top slag discharging section 121 is smaller, the flow speed is large, the diameter of the bottom slag discharging section 122 is large, and the parallel connection structure of the steps ensures that slag cannot be bonded on the parallel step surface (namely, the top of the bottom slag discharging section 122), so that the temperature measurement can directly measure the real temperature of the synthetic gas. The stepped cylinder type water-cooling wall is adopted to prevent the generation of diffusion angle, and the chilling ring and the down tube are washed or the fused slag is adhered to the hanging fin water-cooling wall and the horizontal wall water-cooling wall; the connection of the top slag discharging section 121 and the bottom slag discharging section 122 is set to be in stepped horizontal connection, so that inclination angles of the conical sections are prevented from being generated during connection, and molten ash is guided to be sprayed onto a chilling ring and a down pipe or a waste boiler water cooling wall.

It should be noted that, because the diameter of the top slag discharging section 121 is small, the heat exchange surface area is small, the hanging slag thickness is thicker, the theoretical and practical operation data are consistent, the heat loss of the top slag discharging section 121 of the 2000 ton gasification furnace is about 0.15MW, that is, the temperature of the synthetic gas in the gasification furnace, that is, the high temperature slag, is reduced to less than 2 ℃ through the top slag discharging section 121, the reaction temperature of the gasification furnace is calculated according to 1450 ℃, the temperature reduction is less than 0.134%, and the temperature is in an error range, the temperature can reflect the real temperature of the combustion chamber, and the temperature measurement problem of the combustion chamber adopting the water-cooled wall gasification furnace is thoroughly solved through the technical transformation.

When the gasification furnace normally operates due to fluctuation of coal quality, working conditions and the like, the temperature is timely adjusted, and too high temperature is not timely found, so that the gasification efficiency is affected, the oxygen consumption is high, the coal consumption is high, the slag hanging effect of a water-cooled wall combustion chamber is also affected, and the water-cooled wall is burnt when serious, so that accidents occur; the temperature is too low and is not found in time, so that the gasification reaction is incomplete, the residual carbon is high, slag holes are blocked when serious, and accidents such as abnormal shutdown of the gasification furnace are forced to occur. By improving the temperature measurement mode, the temperature change can be timely and accurately identified, so that the gasifier process operation is ensured to be safe and reliable, the operation economic cost is low, the comprehensive energy consumption is low, the period is long, and the economic value is greatly improved.

Specifically, a water-cooled wall type combustor 110 is a common combustor structure with a number of water-cooled wall tubes 001. The matched burner 002 can be arranged in various modes, and can be an overhead single burner, a side-mounted multi-burner or an overhead plus side-mounted multi-burner combined structure.

Further, the top slag discharging section 121 and the bottom slag discharging section 122 are both in a cylindrical water-cooled wall structure, and can be a cylindrical coil pipe water-cooled wall or a cylindrical vertical pipe water-cooled wall, a layer of ramming material (silicon carbide) is coated on the water-cooled wall to play roles in resisting high-temperature scouring wear and the like, and the reaction temperature in a combustion chamber of a proper gasifier is controlled during normal operation, namely, the viscosity of slag is controlled to be within a certain range, so that a layer of solid slag is adhered on the ramming material of the water-cooled wall to play a role in slag resistance, thereby ensuring safe and stable operation of the gasifier and the service life of the water-cooled wall of the combustion chamber of the gasifier.

In some embodiments, the top slag section 121 has an overall diameter of 400mm-800mm (e.g., 400mm, 500mm, 600mm, 700mm, 800mm, etc.), and the bottom slag section 122 has an overall diameter that is 1.5-2.0 times, such as 1.5 times, 1.6 times, 1.7 times, 1.8 times, 1.9 times, 2.0 times, etc., the overall diameter of the top slag section 121. The two-stage configuration of the lower slag section 120 ensures adequate back mixing of the ash within the gasifier while ensuring that the molten ash passes smoothly through the lower slag section 120 into the quench chamber or radiant waste boiler 200. The diameter of the top slag discharging section 121 mainly ensures the back mixing effect of ash in the gasification furnace, the diameter is 400-800mm, and the diameter of the bottom slag discharging section 122 mainly matches the flow rate of ash entering the chilling ring and the down pipe of the chilling chamber or the radiation waste boiler.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 2, the lower slag section 120 further includes a turned-back water wall 123 turned back upwards connected to the bottom of the upper slag section 121, and the lower slag section 122 is sleeved on the turned-back water wall 123. That is, the turn-back water wall 123 is located between the outer wall of the top slag down section 121 and the inner wall of the bottom slag down section 122. The turned-back water-cooling wall 123 is a double-layer cylindrical water-cooling wall formed by outwards inclining and upwards coiling the top slag-discharging section 121 along the tail end, and the bottom slag-discharging section 122 is sleeved outside the turned-back water-cooling wall 123, and the structural form is also a cylindrical water-cooling wall.

In some embodiments, the bottom slag section 122 and the foldback water wall 123 are connected by a connecting plate 140, the connecting plate 140 is located at the top of the bottom slag section 122 and the foldback water wall 123, and a mesoporous structure 141 for filling the cooling medium is disposed in the connecting plate 140. In particular, the connection plate 140 may be fixed by means of a flange. The middle hole structure 141 can be filled with water and other mediums for cooling, and is connected with a special connecting plate with a water jacket, the gap between the connecting plate 140 and the bottom slag discharging section 122 and the turning water cooling wall 123 is small, and sealing cotton 150 (such as high-temperature-resistant rock cotton) is filled in the gap, so that high-temperature synthesis gas is prevented from entering the special connecting plate with the water jacket at the top, and the service life of the connecting plate with the water jacket is influenced.

In some embodiments, the transition connection between the top slag discharging section 121 and the bottom slag discharging section 122 may be in a step shape with an upward inclination, and a certain length of camber angle is formed at the low point of the double-layer cylinder type water-cooled wall due to the upward inclination of the top slag discharging section 121, after the slag enters the bottom slag discharging section 122 after exiting the top slag discharging section 121, a negative pressure area is generated at the outlet, and meanwhile, due to the existence of the certain length of camber angle, the slag is not adhered to the turned-back water-cooled wall 123 and the connecting plate 140, so that temperature measurement is not distorted due to adhering slag.

In some embodiments, the temperature measuring device 130 may be a thermocouple, but is not limited thereto. The thermocouple may be a conventional thermocouple to meet measurement requirements.

In some embodiments, referring to fig. 1 and 3, a mounting tube (not shown) with threads is perforated in the connection plate 140, the sheathed wire 131 of the thermocouple passes through the connection plate 140 by the mounting tube, and the part of the sheathed wire 131 passing through the connection plate 140 is covered with a cylindrical rod 132, and the cylindrical rod 132 is provided with threads matched with the mounting tube. The mounting of the armor wires 131 can be accomplished by the threaded engagement of the cylindrical rod 132 and the mounting tube.

Specifically, the diameter of the armor wires 131 is 8-15mm, mounting tubes with internal threads are perforated and welded on the connecting plates 140, a section of externally threaded solid cylindrical rod 132 matched with the mounting tubes with internal threads is fixed on the armor wires 131 in a sealing manner, and the cylindrical rod 132 wraps the armor wires 131. The mounting tube and the cylindrical rod 132 can be made of high-temperature-resistant nickel base material, and even if the high-temperature-resistant rock wool falls off, the material of the device is ensured not to be overtemperature. In addition, the water jacket type connecting plate 140 is also beneficial to further eliminating the material overtemperature risk.

In some embodiments, the armor wires 131 pass vertically downward through the gap between the turn-up water wall 123 and the bottom slag lower section 122 and to the lowermost end and extend to the lower end of the turn-up water wall 123, with the ends of the armor wires 131 being secured by fasteners 133. After the thermocouple is installed, sealing cotton 150 (such as high-temperature-resistant rock cotton) is filled in gaps around the armor wires 131 of the thermocouple, namely between the foldback water-cooling wall 123 and the bottom slag-discharging section 122, so that high-temperature synthesis gas is prevented from channeling upwards along the armor wires 131, and the connecting plates 140 are subjected to temperature, so that the connecting plates 140 are damaged, and accidents are caused.

The thermocouple compensation wire 003 is arranged in the dead zone of the gasification furnace, the ambient temperature is about 200 ℃, the temperature is consistent with the protection air temperature, the thermocouple compensation wire is not over-heated, and 2-6 groups of thermocouples are arranged in total to ensure that errors are caused by other reasons of measurement, so that the temperature measurement authenticity is ensured.

In an alternative embodiment, the end of bottom slag section 122 remote from top slag section 121 is connected to a quench chamber or radiant waste boiler 200.

The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, and is not intended to limit the present utility model, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present utility model by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present utility model should be included in the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims (10)

1. The utility model provides a gasifier combustion chamber structure, its characterized in that includes the combustion chamber of water-cooled wall type and is located lower sediment section of combustion chamber bottom, lower sediment section includes top sediment section and bottom sediment section down, the diameter of top sediment section is less than bottom sediment section the transition junction of top sediment section with bottom sediment section is echelonment transition junction is provided with the temperature measuring device who is used for measuring furnace temperature.

2. The gasifier combustion chamber structure of claim 1, wherein the top slag discharging section and the bottom slag discharging section are both cylindrical water-cooled wall structures, the slag discharging section further comprises a turning-back water-cooled wall connected with the bottom of the top slag discharging section and turning back upwards, and the bottom slag discharging section is sleeved on the turning-back water-cooled wall.

3. The gasifier combustion chamber structure according to claim 2, wherein the bottom slag section and the turn-back water-cooled wall are connected by a connecting plate, the connecting plate is located at the top of the bottom slag section and the turn-back water-cooled wall, and a mesoporous structure for filling cooling medium is arranged in the connecting plate.

4. A gasifier combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, wherein the gap between the connecting plate and the bottom slag section and the turned-back water wall is filled with sealing cotton.

5. The gasifier combustion chamber structure of claim 2, wherein the top slag down section has an overall diameter of 400mm-800mm and the bottom slag down section has an overall diameter that is 1.5-2.0 times the overall diameter of the top slag down section.

6. A gasifier combustion chamber structure according to claim 3, wherein said temperature measuring means is a thermocouple.

7. The gasifier combustion chamber structure of claim 6, wherein a threaded mounting tube is mounted in the opening in the connecting plate, the sheathed wires of the thermocouple pass through the connecting plate via the mounting tube, the part of the sheathed wires passing through the connecting plate is covered with a cylindrical rod, and the cylindrical rod is provided with threads matched with the mounting tube.

8. The gasifier combustion chamber structure of claim 7, wherein the armor wires pass downwardly through the gap between the reentrant water wall and the bottom slag leg and extend to the lower end of the reentrant water wall, the ends of the armor wires being secured by fasteners; and sealing cotton is filled in a gap between the foldback water cooling wall and the bottom slag discharging section.

9. An entrained flow gasifier, characterized by comprising a gasifier combustion chamber structure according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. The entrained-flow gasifier of claim 9, wherein an end of the bottom slag section remote from the top slag section is connected to a quench chamber or a radiant waste boiler.