CN219330534U - Environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito-repellent patch - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of mosquito-repellent patches, in particular to an environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito-repellent patch which comprises a surface composite film layer, an antibacterial and antibacterial fresh-keeping protective layer, a bottom support layer, an oil absorption net and a bottom composite film layer; the surface composite film layer, the antibacterial fresh-keeping protective layer, the bottom support layer and the bottom composite film layer are sequentially connected in a hot pressing mode from top to bottom, grid-shaped grooves are formed in the surface of the bottom support layer, and the oil absorption net is embedded into the grid-shaped grooves of the bottom support layer; the surface composite film layer comprises a product protection film layer, an antiviral hydrophobic and oleophobic layer and a first adhesive film layer, wherein the antiviral hydrophobic and oleophobic layer is a polyvinyl fluoride substrate film, an antiviral coating is coated on the surface of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film, and the polyethylene laminated film is hot-pressed with the bottom surface of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film. The integrated automatic molding production process of the multi-layer functional composite material solves the problems of deterioration, environmental protection, leakage and safety of the plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch product, and improves the production efficiency and the yield.

Description

Environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito-repellent patch

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the field of mosquito-repellent patches, in particular to an environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito-repellent patch.

Background

In hot summer, especially in subtropical and tropical rainforest climates, people are deeply bitten by the attack of mosquitoes and viruses. In order to provide people with a safe and mosquito-free environment, and especially solve the problem of mosquito bites during outdoor activities, various plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch products are developed in succession. The traditional plant essential oil mosquito-repellent patch is convenient to use, can be attached to a collar of a coat-sleeve or worn on the ankle of a wrist, and has a good effect on repelling mosquitoes due to mosquito-repellent smell emitted by the mosquito-repellent plant essential oil. However, the existing plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch has some defects, and has the following problems in terms of quality and function:

1. easy deterioration: products containing plant essential oils are susceptible to spoilage, mold, off-flavor or loss of efficacy. For example, the plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch is easy to be polluted by bacteria and mould to deteriorate in the storage or use process, so that the mosquito repellent effect is lost and even skin allergy is caused.

2. The method is not environment-friendly: most of the existing disposable plant essential oil patches sold in the market are daily disposable plant essential oil patches which are basically made of non-woven fabrics, leather and oil-absorbing polyester materials, and have poor degradability. The mass production and sale of such disposable materials causes a certain environmental pollution.

3. Easy leakage: the essential oil in most disposable plant essential oil patches is easy to leak to the whole mosquito repellent patch product, and the surface and bottom self-adhesive of the product are easy to be polluted by the essential oil. So that the clothes are polluted or the clothes are easy to fall off.

4. Unsafe: the existing mosquito-repellent patch has the problems that plant essential oil is easy to directly contact hands and skin, and potential safety hazard exists.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the utility model provides the environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite material plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch, which adopts an integrated automatic molding production process of a multi-layer functional composite material, so that the problems of deterioration, environment protection, leakage and safety of a plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch product are solved, and the production efficiency and the yield are improved.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: an environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch comprises a surface composite film layer, an antibacterial and antibacterial fresh-keeping protective layer, a bottom support layer, an oil absorption net and a bottom composite film layer; the surface composite film layer, the antibacterial and antistaling protective layer, the bottom support layer and the bottom composite film layer are sequentially connected through hot pressing from top to bottom, the surface of the bottom support layer is provided with grid-shaped grooves, and the oil absorption net is embedded into the grid-shaped grooves of the bottom support layer; the surface composite film layer comprises a product protection film layer, an antiviral hydrophobic and oleophobic layer and a first adhesive film layer, wherein the antiviral hydrophobic and oleophobic layer is a polyvinyl fluoride substrate film, an antiviral coating is coated on the surface of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film, meanwhile, the first adhesive film layer is a polyethylene coating, and the polyethylene coating and the bottom surface of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film are subjected to hot pressing.

Further, the product protection film layer is a polyethylene film, and the thickness of the product protection film layer is 10-50 um.

Further, the thickness of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film is 50-200 um, and the thickness of the antiviral coating is 1-20 um.

Further, the antiviral coating is a silver ion coating/copper ion coating/zinc oxide coating/titanium dioxide coating/aluminum chloride coating.

Further, the antibacterial, antibacterial and fresh-keeping protective layer is an antibacterial polyethylene protective film, the antibacterial polyethylene protective film is thermally adhered to the bottom surface of the polyethylene coating, the surfaces of the antiviral, hydrophobic and oleophobic layer, the first adhesive film layer and the antibacterial, antibacterial and fresh-keeping protective layer are all provided with emission holes, and the hole density of the emission holes is 100-300 meshes.

Further, the oil absorption net is made of non-woven fabrics, and the oil absorption per square meter is 100-500 g.

Further, the bottom surface composite film layer comprises a second adhesive film layer, a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer and an antibacterial layer which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the material of the second adhesive film layer is the same as that of the first adhesive film layer, the material of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer is the same as that of the antiviral and hydrophobic and oleophobic layer, and the material of the antibacterial layer is the same as that of the antibacterial and antibacterial fresh-keeping protective layer.

The utility model has the beneficial effects that: the anti-virus hydrophobic and oleophobic film has the functions of resisting bacteria and viruses, and the anti-virus hydrophobic and oleophobic film and the first adhesive film layer can solve the problem that the plant essential oil is easy to contact the skin through the surface layer, and effectively reduces the problem of skin allergy of the essential oil. In addition, the surface of the bottom support layer is provided with grid-shaped grooves, and then the mosquito-repellent essential oil is sucked through the oil absorption net, so that the design can avoid the leakage of the mosquito-repellent essential oil, and can play a role in stabilizing the oil absorption net; meanwhile, the antiviral hydrophobic oleophobic layer is also coated with an antiviral coating, so that the survival and transmission of viruses on the surface can be effectively prevented, the material has an antiviral function, and the risk of skin infection is reduced. Meanwhile, the antibacterial material of the antibacterial, antibacterial and fresh-keeping protective layer and the bottom support layer solves the problem that plant essential oil is easy to deteriorate, and the essential oil is ensured to be more than 3 years when the product is not unsealed and stored at the temperature below 25 ℃.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of a plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the base layer.

Reference numerals illustrate: the product protection film layer 11, the antiviral hydrophobic oleophobic layer 12, the first adhesive film layer 13, the emission holes 14, the antibacterial fresh-keeping protection layer 2, the bottom support layer 3, the grid-shaped grooves 31, the oil absorption net 4, the second adhesive film layer 51, the hydrophobic oleophobic layer 52 and the antibacterial layer 53.

Detailed Description

Referring to fig. 1-2, the utility model relates to an environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito-repellent patch, which comprises a surface composite film layer, an antibacterial and antibacterial fresh-keeping protective layer 2, a bottom support layer 3, an oil absorption net 4 and a bottom composite film layer; the surface composite film layer, the antibacterial and antistaling protective layer 2, the bottom support layer 3 and the bottom composite film layer are sequentially connected through hot pressing from top to bottom, the surface of the bottom support layer 3 is provided with grid-shaped grooves 31, and the oil absorption net 4 is embedded into the grid-shaped grooves 31 of the bottom support layer 3; the surface composite film layer comprises a product protection film layer 11, an antiviral hydrophobic oleophobic layer 12 and a first adhesive film layer 13, wherein the antiviral hydrophobic oleophobic layer 12 is a polyvinyl fluoride substrate film, an antiviral coating is coated on the surface of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film, meanwhile, the first adhesive film layer 13 is a polyethylene coating film, and the polyethylene coating film is hot-pressed with the bottom surface of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film.

The antiviral hydrophobic oleophobic layer 12 adopts polyvinyl fluoride (PTFE) as a substrate film, and has the function of providing hydrophobic oleophobic and anti-sticking properties for manufacturing the plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch. PTFE is an inert polymer material and has excellent chemical resistance, heat resistance, low friction coefficient and other characteristics, so that liquid, grease and the like can be effectively prevented from adhering to the surface, and the hydrophobic and oleophobic effects are achieved. At the same time, the material does not adhere to most substances, i.e. it has better anti-sticking properties than other materials. In addition, the antiviral hydrophobic oleophobic layer 12 is further coated with an antiviral coating, so that the survival and transmission of viruses on the surface can be effectively prevented, the material has an antiviral function, and the risk of skin infection is reduced.

The surface composite film layer has the functions of hydrophobic and oleophobic, and can effectively reduce the irritation and anaphylactic reaction of plant essential oil to skin. When the plant essential oil is in contact with the composite material, the essential oil cannot penetrate into the skin due to the hydrophobic oleophobic layer 52 on the surface of the composite material, but remains on the surface of the composite material, thereby achieving protection of the skin.

As a further optimization scheme, the product protection film layer 11 is a polyethylene film, and the thickness of the polyethylene film is 10-50 um. The polyethylene film functions as a protective layer for the surface in the composite. It may protect the inner layers of the composite from the external environment, such as moisture, oxygen, dust, etc. In addition, the polyethylene film can also improve the wear resistance and tear resistance of the composite material, thereby enhancing the durability and service life thereof. The thickness of this layer is 10um to 50um, preferably 20 to 30um.

As a further optimization scheme, the thickness of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film is 50-200 um, and the thickness of the antiviral coating is 1-20 um.

As a further optimization scheme, the antiviral coating is silver ion coating/copper ion coating/zinc oxide coating/titanium dioxide coating/aluminum chloride coating.

As a further optimization scheme, the antibacterial, antibacterial and fresh-keeping protective layer 2 is an antibacterial polyethylene protective film, the antibacterial polyethylene protective film is thermally adhered to the bottom surface of the polyethylene coating, the surfaces of the antiviral, hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 12, the first adhesive film layer 13 and the antibacterial, fresh-keeping protective layer 2 are all provided with emission holes 14, and the hole density of the emission holes 14 is 100-300 meshes.

Wherein the dispensing orifice 14 is primarily intended to increase the breathability and permeability of the composite material for better absorption and release of the plant essential oils. The antiviral hydrophobic oleophobic layer, the first adhesive film layer and the antibacterial fresh-keeping protective layer are subjected to hot pasting and can be tightly adhered together, so that a whole is formed. Then, by performing the hole forming by an automatic pinhole machine, many minute emission holes 14 can be formed in the composite material. These dispensing holes 14 may increase the breathability of the composite material, promoting the exchange of gases and moisture, and thus increasing the absorption and release efficiency of the plant essential oils. In addition, the pore density is 100-300 meshes, preferably 150-200 meshes, and the size and the number of the pores can be controlled to ensure that the air permeability and the permeability of the composite material are improved to the maximum extent, and simultaneously, excessive plant essential oil penetration can be prevented, and the irritation and the anaphylactic reaction to the skin are reduced.

As a further optimization scheme, the oil absorption net 4 is made of non-woven fabrics, and the oil absorption per square meter is 100-500 g.

The function of the composite material is to increase the oil absorption performance in the composite material, so that the plant essential oil is better absorbed and released. The oil absorption net 4 is made of non-woven fabric, and the oil absorption per square meter is 100-500 g, preferably 200-300 g/square meter. The oil absorption can keep the air permeability and the permeability of the composite material, and simultaneously furthest improve the adsorption capacity of the composite material to the plant essential oil, thereby better protecting the skin from the stimulation of the plant essential oil and the allergic reaction. In addition, the non-woven fabric material has good softness and air permeability, so that the absorption and release efficiency of the plant essential oil is improved, and meanwhile, the comfort level and the use experience of the plant essential oil can be improved.

As a further optimization scheme, the bottom surface composite film layer comprises a second adhesive film layer 51, a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 52 and an antibacterial layer 53 which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the material of the second adhesive film layer 51 is the same as that of the first adhesive film layer 13, the material of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 52 is the same as that of the antiviral and hydrophobic oleophobic layer 12, and the material of the antibacterial layer 53 is the same as that of the antibacterial and antibacterial fresh-keeping protective layer 2.

The function of the optimized scheme is to further strengthen the antibacterial and antiviral functions and the hydrophobic and oleophobic performance of the composite material, so that the safety and reliability of the plant essential oil product are improved. The material of the second adhesive film layer 51 is the same as that of the first adhesive film layer 13, and the second adhesive film layer 51 can be connected to the bottom of the bottom support layer 3, so that the integrity and stability of the composite material are enhanced. Meanwhile, the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 52 is made of the same material as the antiviral hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 12, so that the capability of the composite material for separating water and oil can be improved, and plant essential oil is prevented from penetrating to the bottom, so that the quality and efficacy of the composite material are affected. The antibacterial layer 53 is made of the same material as the antibacterial fresh-keeping protective layer 2, and can effectively inhibit the propagation of bacteria and viruses and protect the skin from infection. Through the optimization measures, the quality and the performance of the composite material can be further improved, and the quality and the safety of the plant essential oil product are ensured.

And the bottom support layer 3 of the plant essential oil is made of an oil-resistant material, preferably an antibacterial high-density polyethylene blending antibacterial agent, and the antibacterial formula is the same as that of the second layer. The blend is extruded in sheet form through an extruder apparatus at a temperature of 100 to 150 c, preferably 110 to 130 c. Meanwhile, the sheet material passes through a groove forming die of a continuous forming machine to finish forming of groove grids at one time, and the grid-shaped groove 31 collet package material with the antibacterial and fresh-keeping functions is obtained. Therefore, the antibacterial and bacteriostatic materials of the 3 rd layer and the 2 nd layer solve the problem that plant essential oil is easy to deteriorate. The essential oil is ensured for more than 3 years when the product is not unsealed and stored at a temperature below 25 ℃.

The shoe is made of oil-resistant materials, and preferably an antibacterial high-density polyethylene blending antibacterial agent is adopted, so that the durability and antibacterial performance of the shoe can be improved. The extrusion machine is used for extruding sheets, and the groove forming die of the continuous forming machine is used for forming groove grids at one time, so that the problems of plant essential oil deterioration can be effectively solved by selecting antibacterial, fresh-keeping, antibacterial and bacteriostatic materials and manufacturing the bottom support groove grids. The antibacterial performance and durability of the composite material can be increased by using the antibacterial high-density polyethylene to blend the antibacterial agent and the oil-resistant material to manufacture the shoe groove grid. Meanwhile, in the layer 2 and for the whole antibacterial and bacteriostatic functions and the fresh-keeping performance of the composite material, besides the antibacterial material of the bottom bracket groove grid, the antibacterial and bacteriostatic materials of the antiviral coating and the antibacterial and fresh-keeping protective layer 2 play an important role. The antibacterial materials can effectively inhibit the propagation of bacteria and viruses and protect plant essential oil from pollution and deterioration. Meanwhile, when the product is not unsealed and stored at a temperature below 25 ℃, the quality of the product is ensured to be more than 3 years, which indicates that the composite material has good fresh-keeping performance.

Among them, antibacterial high-density polyethylene is a material made by blending high-density polyethylene with an antibacterial agent. The antibacterial agent is a substance with antibacterial effect, and can effectively inhibit the growth and reproduction of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms. When the antimicrobial agent is mixed with the high density polyethylene, the antimicrobial agent will be uniformly distributed in the material, thereby forming a material having an antimicrobial effect. In the antibacterial high-density polyethylene blended antibacterial agent, the antibacterial agent may damage the cell membrane and cell wall of bacteria, resulting in bacterial death. In addition, the antimicrobial agents can also inhibit the growth and proliferation of bacteria, fungi and other microorganisms by binding to proteins and nucleic acids within the microbial cells. Meanwhile, the oil-resistant material is a material capable of resisting corrosion of plant essential oil. In the bottom support groove grid, oil-resistant materials are adopted to prevent the plant essential oil from leaking, so that the integrity of the plant essential oil is maintained. The material can also improve the durability of the grid of the shoe grooves, thereby prolonging the service life of the product.

The preparation method comprises the following specific steps:

step 1: the antiviral hydrophobic oleophobic layer 12, the first adhesive film layer 13 and the antibacterial, antibacterial and fresh-keeping protective layer 2 are subjected to hot pasting and then are subjected to pore forming through an automatic pinhole machine, wherein the pore density is 100-300 meshes, preferably 150-200 meshes.

Step 2: and (3) processing a bottom support layer: the antibacterial agent and the oil-resistant material are blended by adopting antibacterial high-density polyethylene, and the blend is extruded in a sheet shape at the temperature of 100-150 ℃, preferably 110-130 ℃ through extruder equipment. Meanwhile, the sheet material passes through a groove forming die of a continuous forming machine to finish forming of groove grids at one time, and the grid-shaped groove 31 collet package material with the antibacterial and fresh-keeping functions is obtained.

Step 3: the oil absorption net 4 is processed and assembled: the oil absorption net 4-shaped material is made of non-woven fabrics, and the oil absorption per square meter is 100-500 g, preferably 200-300 g/square meter. And (3) embedding the oil absorption net 4 into the netlike grooves of the bottom support layer 3 through the same mould formed in the step (2).

Step 4: after finishing the processing of step 3, the product in step 1 is hot pressed on the surface of the product in step 3.

Step 5: processing a bottom surface composite film layer: the bottom surface composite film layer comprises 3 functional layers, a second adhesive film layer 51, a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 52 and an antibacterial layer 53. Wherein, the second adhesive film layer 51 is made of polyethylene laminated film, and the formula and the process of the first adhesive film layer 13 are the same. The material of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer 52 is the same as that of the antiviral and hydrophobic layer 12, and the thickness is 20-30 um. The material and the formula of the antibacterial layer 53 are the same as those of the antibacterial fresh-keeping protective layer 2.

Step 6: and (5) performing heat bonding on the bottom surface composite film layer and the bottom of the bottom support layer 3.

Thus, the antibacterial and antiviral composite material (semi-finished product) for manufacturing the plant essential oil mosquito-repellent patch is manufactured.

Step 7: the plant essential oil is automatically added, the coiled composite material is placed in coating equipment for adding the mosquito-repellent plant essential oil, and the coating amount is customized according to specific requirements, and is 200-300 g/square meter. The plant essential oil coating processing of the coiled material has very high efficiency.

Step 8: and (3) attaching the product protection film, namely attaching the product protection film to the composite material added with the mosquito-repellent essential oil, so as to prevent the plant essential oil from emitting.

Step 9: and (3) attaching double-sided adhesive tape to the bottom surface of the bottom surface composite film layer, so as to obtain a semi-finished product of the mosquito-repellent patch.

Step 10: automatic cutting of the mosquito-repellent patch product is completed by adopting automatic positioning cutting equipment according to the positions of the printed patterns and the groove grids. Preferably, the closed packaging of the product is accomplished using an automated packaging device.

The plant essential oil mosquito-repellent patch product can be added with mosquito-repellent plant essential oil by dripping after the essential oil is completely dispersed in the application process. The mosquito-repellent patch made of the novel antibacterial and antiviral composite material can resist bacteria and viruses, so that the probability of cross infection is greatly reduced, and the repeated use function of the mosquito-repellent patch is realized. Thereby greatly saving the waste of disposable materials.

Preferably, the novel antibacterial and antiviral composite material and the process for preparing the plant essential oil patch can also be used for preparing plant essential oil patches with other effects.

Use novel and traditional product's production efficiency contrast:

to sum up, the effect of this application lies in:

1. environmental protection, adopting environmental protection materials and design concept of reusable products.

2. The skin-care product is safe, and the skin is prevented from contacting plant essential oil by using a plurality of layers of composite functional materials.

3. The plant essential oil is high in quality, is made of antibacterial and antiviral materials, avoids deterioration, and prolongs the retention period of the plant essential oil by more than 3 years.

4. Long service life, environmental protection, and 3 times of the application of antibacterial materials, and the service life of the product is prolonged.

5. The production efficiency is high, and the multifunctional composite material is integrally formed, so that the efficiency is improved by more than 10 times compared with the traditional manual operation method.

6. The yield is high, automatic integrated into one piece has avoided manual operation's problem, and the yield exceeds 99%.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present utility model and are not intended to limit the scope of the present utility model, and various modifications and improvements made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present utility model should fall within the scope of protection defined by the claims of the present utility model without departing from the spirit of the design of the present utility model.

Claims (7)

1. An environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch is characterized in that: comprises a surface composite film layer, a bacteriostatic, antibacterial and fresh-keeping protective layer, a bottom support layer, an oil absorption net and a bottom composite film layer; the surface composite film layer, the antibacterial and antistaling protective layer, the bottom support layer and the bottom composite film layer are sequentially connected through hot pressing from top to bottom, the surface of the bottom support layer is provided with grid-shaped grooves, and the oil absorption net is embedded into the grid-shaped grooves of the bottom support layer; the surface composite film layer comprises a product protection film layer, an antiviral hydrophobic and oleophobic layer and a first adhesive film layer, wherein the antiviral hydrophobic and oleophobic layer is a polyvinyl fluoride substrate film, an antiviral coating is coated on the surface of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film, meanwhile, the first adhesive film layer is a polyethylene coating, and the polyethylene coating and the bottom surface of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film are subjected to hot pressing.

2. The environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch according to claim 1, wherein the mosquito repellent patch is characterized in that: the product protection film layer is a polyethylene film, and the thickness of the product protection film layer is 10-50 um.

3. The environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch according to claim 2, wherein the mosquito repellent patch is characterized in that: wherein the thickness of the polyvinyl fluoride substrate film is 50-200 um, and the thickness of the antiviral coating is 1-20 um.

4. The environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch according to claim 3, wherein the mosquito repellent patch is characterized in that: the antiviral coating is silver ion coating/copper ion coating/zinc oxide coating/titanium dioxide coating/aluminum chloride coating.

5. The environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch according to claim 4, wherein the mosquito repellent patch is characterized in that: the antibacterial, antibacterial and fresh-keeping protective layer is an antibacterial polyethylene protective film, the antibacterial polyethylene protective film is thermally adhered to the bottom surface of the polyethylene coating, the surfaces of the antiviral, hydrophobic and oleophobic layer, the first adhesive film layer and the antibacterial, antibacterial and fresh-keeping protective layer are all provided with emission holes, and the hole density of the emission holes is 100-300 meshes.

6. The environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch according to claim 5, wherein the mosquito repellent patch is characterized in that: the oil absorption net is made of non-woven fabrics, and the oil absorption per square meter is 100-500 g.

7. The environment-friendly antibacterial and antiviral composite plant essential oil mosquito repellent patch according to claim 6, wherein the mosquito repellent patch is characterized in that: the bottom surface composite film layer comprises a second adhesive film layer, a hydrophobic and oleophobic layer and an antibacterial layer which are sequentially connected from top to bottom, wherein the material of the second adhesive film layer is the same as that of the first adhesive film layer, the material of the hydrophobic and oleophobic layer is the same as that of the antiviral and hydrophobic oleophobic layer, and the material of the antibacterial layer is the same as that of the antibacterial and antibacterial fresh-keeping protective layer.

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