CN218262034U

CN218262034U - Almost zero energy consumption seawater desalination system

Info

Publication number: CN218262034U
Application number: CN202222021760.3U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈明发
Original assignee: Hainan Yuetu Technology Holding Co ltd
Current assignee: Hainan Yuetu Technology Holding Co ltd
Priority date: 2021-09-06
Filing date: 2022-08-03
Publication date: 2023-01-10
Anticipated expiration: 2032-08-03
Also published as: CN115520925A; CN115717418A; CN114014399B; CN116411614A; CN114014399A

Abstract

The application provides a nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system, it includes: sea, sea surface moisture, ice-cold seawater, a water inlet pipe or/and a water pump, an evaporator or a heat exchanger, a water outlet pipe and a water collector; wherein, the sea, the water inlet pipe or/and the water pump, the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are communicated to form a circulating water path; the ice-cold seawater flows into the water inlet pipe from the deeper layer below the sea surface, flows through the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe, and then flows back to the sea or the reservoir; the fresh water formed by condensing the water vapor drops into the water collector. The application realizes the seawater desalination with almost zero energy consumption, greatly reduces the energy consumption of the seawater desalination and greatly reduces the cost of the seawater desalination.

Description

Almost zero energy consumption seawater desalination system

Technical Field

The application belongs to the technical field of seawater desalination, and particularly relates to a system for preparing fresh water by utilizing seawater, namely an almost zero-energy-consumption seawater desalination system.

Background

The patent document of the invention discloses an air water generator (CN 101929179B), which comprises a raw water storage tank, an air compressor refrigeration dehumidifying system, a raw water purification system and a purified water storage tank; the refrigeration dehumidifying system is used for cooling moisture in the air into liquid water drops, and the water drops naturally drop into the raw water storage tank; the raw water purification system is used for flowing into purified water from the raw water storage tank to store water. CN102997493B relates to more than 240 Chinese patent documents relating to the preparation of fresh water from seawater, and the documents are prepared into fresh water by depending on commercial energy sources such as electric power and the like, so that the energy consumption is very high and the fresh water is not paid. At present, air water generators in the market are all manufactured by using air compressors to produce cold sources, and electricity consumption is needed for refrigeration, so that the water generation cost is very high, for example, a commercially available F20 household air water generator is used, the water generation power is 400w, 20L of water can be generated in 24 hours, and the electricity consumption is about 288 yuan/ton. Therefore, the existing air water production has the water production cost which is too high for civil use and too high for agricultural irrigation.

Chinese patent No. CN104261499B discloses a seawater temperature difference energy natural circulation seawater desalination device and desalination method, the vacuum pump of which needs to consume commodity electric energy, the evaporation capacity of which is limited by the size of the light-gathering cover and the weather change, and seawater can not be desalinated in rainy days and nights without sunshine.

Zilu net/lightning news was reported 8 months and 17 days 2020: the cost of seawater desalination is reduced to 1 dollar per ton internationally, and the cost of seawater desalination is gradually reduced to the international level in China; with the emergence of new processes, new materials and new equipment, the cost is expected to be further reduced. The hot method distillation process is used for extracting fresh water, equipment investment of 0.55-0.8 ten thousand yuan is required for each ton of water, water production cost is 4-8 yuan, power consumption of 3.53 ℃ is required for each ton of water evaporation, more than 3 yuan of electricity is required to be paid, and more than 1 yuan of depreciation cost is required.

At the present stage, a method for desalinating seawater is to heat seawater in a vacuum environment to evaporate the seawater, so as to extract fresh water by a distillation method; and the other is to use reverse osmosis method, namely to drive the pressurized seawater to pass through the ion-sealed membrane. The number of people who rely on desalinated seawater to meet daily life needs at the present stage of the world exceeds 3 hundred million, and the development of seawater desalination technology has a lot of assistance in relieving the problem of water resource shortage in some areas, but the fact has to be acknowledged is that compared with the process of directly obtaining drinking water from a local water supply system, the energy consumed in the process of desalinating seawater to generate fresh water is more than ten times higher than that consumed in the former process. In summary, the process of desalinating seawater is still expensive, and the main reason is that the energy consumption for evaporating seawater is high.

Disclosure of Invention

The purpose of this application is: provides a seawater desalination system with nearly zero energy consumption to reduce the cost and energy consumption of seawater desalination and promote carbon neutralization to be achieved early.

In order to facilitate understanding of the technical principles of the present application, a nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination method corresponding to the present application will be first discussed below.

A method for desalinating seawater with almost zero energy consumption is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) water vapor contained in sea surface moisture is used as a water source; people in coastal areas have the experience that air blown from the sea surface is very humid; the meteorological data also shows: in the coastal areas of the temperate zone, the water vapor content in the sea surface moisture is high, and the average water vapor content in the sea surface moisture is 13.7-17.1g/m at 20 ℃ on a sunny day ³ The relative humidity is 85-100%;

(2) the method comprises the following steps of (1) draining the ice-cold seawater at a deep layer below the sea surface through a water inlet pipe, and then conveying cold energy (or cold source) contained in the ice-cold seawater into an evaporator arranged at a position above the sea surface (including a position where seawater can not be submerged on land, on an offshore platform, on a ship and the like); weather data display: the average water temperature of the sea surface is 17.4 ℃, the daily change influence depth of the sea water temperature is less than 30 meters, a constant temperature layer is arranged at the position of the water depth of about 350 meters, the water temperature is rapidly reduced along with the increase of the depth, the water temperature at the position 1000 meters below the sea surface is 4-5 ℃, the water temperature at the position 2000 meters is 2-3 ℃, and the water temperature at the position 3000 meters is 1-2 ℃; the innovative technology of completely utilizing natural cold energy to cool the evaporator can prepare fresh water with nearly zero energy consumption, thereby greatly reducing the water preparation cost;

(3) the sea surface moisture is guided to an evaporator above the sea surface for cooling, so that the water vapor contained in the sea surface moisture is condensed into fresh water and drops into a water collector; the innovative technical measures of utilizing natural water vapor as a desalination water source, utilizing ice-cold seawater as cold energy, utilizing natural resources such as wind power and the like as power sources do not need artificial evaporation of seawater, and can overcome the defect of high energy consumption of extracting fresh water by a distillation method; natural resources such as sea surface moisture, ice-cold seawater, wind power and the like are inexhaustible and are not needed to be purchased at high cost;

(4) the fresh water condensed from the water vapor is led out from a water collector (also called a water collecting pool, a water collecting tray, a diversion ditch, a diversion water tank, a diversion water pipe, a water collecting device and the like).

It is preferable to use a heat-insulating water inlet pipe to prevent the cold seawater from absorbing the heat of the gradually heated seawater through the pipe wall to become normal-temperature seawater during the pumping and rising process. The reason why the evaporator is arranged above the sea surface rather than in the sea is that if the evaporator is arranged in the deeper sea, the moisture on the sea surface must be guided into the deeper sea through the air conveying pipe, the hollow pipeline must use the ultrahigh-strength pipe to overcome the strong pressure and buoyancy of the seawater in the deep sea, and the produced fresh water needs to consume electric power to be pumped to the ground, so that the engineering cost, the construction difficulty and the energy consumption cannot be borne. On the contrary, the water inlet pipe deep into the sea does not suffer from the strong pressure and buoyancy of the deep sea water because the water is inside and outside the pipe.

The existing evaporator is an important part commonly used in equipment such as a dehumidifier, an air conditioner and the like, and low-temperature condensed liquid exchanges heat with external air through the evaporator to achieve the refrigerating effect. The evaporator mainly comprises coiled water pipes, is essentially a heat exchanger, uses ice-cold seawater to replace condensed liquid in the existing evaporator, absorbs heat of sea surface moisture through the evaporator formed by the coiled water pipes, and cools and condenses the sea surface moisture, so that fresh water is separated out. The applicant has in the priority document called a condenser in the sense that coiled water pipes are used for condensation of sea surface moisture.

Preferably, in order not to consume commercial energy such as commercial power, fuel oil, gas, coal and the like, the almost zero energy consumption seawater desalination method described in the application comprises the technical characteristics of any one or combination of the following i-ix.

I, a windmill device is arranged to collect wind energy, a windmill (preferably a mechanical transmission mechanism is used for directly driving a water pump) is used for pumping ice-cold seawater at a deeper layer below the sea surface; in this case, the windmill is preferred to drive the water pump, and the windmill is not required to generate electricity (the maximum theoretical limit of the efficiency of converting wind energy into electric energy by the windmill is 59.3%), and the generated electric driving motor (the average efficiency of Chinese motors is 87.3%) and the water pump are used, compared with the situation that the efficiency of directly driving the water pump by the windmill is more than 50% higher than that of driving the water pump by wind power; the technical key point has very obvious beneficial effects, the water making efficiency of the water making device is greatly improved, and the water making cost of the water making device is greatly reduced.

And ii, delivering sea surface moisture at the position with the altitude less than or equal to 50m, 30m, 20m, 10m or 5m into the evaporator. The specific gravity of sea surface moisture is large, and the lower the altitude is, the greater the humidity, the research shows that: sea surface moisture at the position of 5m above sea level is sent into the evaporator, and the yield of condensed and separated fresh water is 13% higher than that of sea surface moisture at the position of 50m above sea level; preferably, the elevation is 15-20m.

And iii, constructing an air duct (also called as an air duct), arranging the evaporator in the air duct, and blowing the sea surface moisture to the evaporator through the air duct so as to condense and separate out fresh water. Preferably, dry and cool air cooled by the evaporator to separate fresh water is supplied as cool air to a nearby building.

Iv, building a reservoir at the sea, and siphoning the ice-cold seawater at a deeper layer below the sea surface to the reservoir with the reservoir surface lower than the sea surface through a water inlet pipe, an evaporator or a heat exchanger and a water outlet pipe for storage when the tide rises; or, when the tide is ebb, the ice-cold seawater stored in the reservoir is siphoned to the sea below the reservoir surface through the water inlet pipe, the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe; or, in the flood tide, the ice-cold seawater at the deep layer below the sea surface directly gushes into (does not need to utilize U-shaped pipe siphon) a water inlet pipe (such as a straight pipe) to be stored in a water reservoir with the reservoir surface lower than the sea surface; the technical measure of completely utilizing natural force and natural cold energy to cool the evaporator can finish fresh water preparation with almost zero energy consumption, thereby greatly reducing the water preparation cost of the application.

Because the pumped ice-cold seawater is bound to contain some animals and plants such as small sea snail and small seaweeds, silt and pollutants, in order to avoid blocking the tiny pipelines of the evaporator, it is preferable to exchange cold energy to a circulating liquid such as low-temperature heat transfer oil through a heat exchanger which is easy to clean, and then indirectly transfer the cold energy to the evaporator through the circulating liquid.

V, preferably providing a bell mouth wind collecting device, and mounting the bell mouth facing the wind to ensure that sea surface moisture (with wind energy) is naturally blown in from the bell mouth and is guided to the evaporator; certainly, in order to save the investment of fixed assets and the energy consumption of the fan, the evaporator can also be installed in the open air, so that the sea surface moisture naturally blows the evaporator; the technical measure of completely utilizing natural wind and natural cold energy can finish fresh water preparation with nearly zero energy consumption, thereby greatly reducing the water preparation cost of the application.

Vi, according to the temperature of the seawater in different regions, selecting different pumping depths, and if the conditions allow, extracting the ice-cold seawater below 500m of the sea surface as much as possible to ensure the temperature T of the ice-cold seawater when the ice-cold seawater is fed into the evaporator ₁ Not more than 16 ℃ or 12 DEG COr 8 c or 4 c, in general, the lower the temperature of the pumped ice-cold seawater, the better. The temperature of the seawater will vary with the solar radiation and will generally not vary more than 0.4 c per day. The daily temperature change of the surface layer of the seawater is large and can reach more than 3-4 ℃. Daily variations in the surface temperature of the seawater are transmitted through the seawater to deeper levels of the seawater, but the maximum transmission depth does not exceed 50 meters. Therefore, it is preferable to extract ice-cold sea water below 30m, or 60m, or 80m, or 300m, or 500m, or 1000m from the sea surface.

Vii, selecting the region where sea surface moisture and ice-cold sea water meet the conditions, constructing a nearly zero-energy-consumption sea water desalination system, and ensuring the temperature T of the sea surface moisture ₂ The temperature T of the cold seawater when it is fed into the evaporator (when it is not fed into the evaporator) ₁ The difference is more than or equal to 5 ℃ or 10 ℃ or 15 ℃ or 20 ℃, namely T ₂ -T ₁ At more than or equal to 5 ℃ or 10 ℃ or 15 ℃ or 20 ℃; the relative humidity of the sea surface moisture is ensured to be more than or equal to 70 percent.

Viii, a water inlet is arranged at the upstream of the ice-cold ocean current, and a water outlet is arranged at the downstream of the ice-cold ocean current; the cold ocean current automatically flows from upstream into the intake pipe, through the heat exchanger or/and evaporator, out the outlet pipe, and downstream into the cold ocean current. In this way, the cold energy carried by the cold seawater can be transmitted to the heat exchanger or/and the evaporator without consuming any other energy source, thereby condensing and separating out fresh water.

Ocean currents are large-scale, non-periodic movements of the ocean's deep ocean currents from one ocean location to another, with average ocean currents ranging from 800 meters to 1000 meters in depth. In recent years, scientists have discovered important ocean currents in the oceans around the world, like new-guinea-coastal undercurrents, cotton-orchid undercurrents, and the like.

Ix, providing a solar power unit for driving a water pump or/and fan; the ice-cold sea water at the deep layer below the sea surface is pumped upwards, and the sea surface moisture is blown to the evaporator by a fan.

Preferably, said method for desalinating seawater with near-zero energy consumption includes the technical features of any one or more of the following (1) to (r).

(1) The sea, the water inlet pipe or/and the water pump, the evaporator or the heat exchanger (above the sea surface) and the water outlet pipe are communicated to form a circulating water path; the cold sea water flows into the water inlet pipe from the deep layer below the sea surface, flows through the evaporator or the heat exchanger, flows through the water outlet pipe with the water outlet lower than the sea surface, and then flows back to the sea or flows into the reservoir. The water outlet with the water outlet being 10m or 5m or 1m or 0.1m lower than the sea surface can drive the ice-cold seawater to flow through the evaporator by using very small power because the circulating water path has zero lift, thereby achieving the technical effect of low energy consumption and even zero energy consumption. On the contrary, if the water outlet is not located high enough to expose the sea surface, and the water outlet is exposed to the air, the air may flow into the water pipe to increase the power loss of the water pump, so a large lift is required, for example, the water outlet is 30 meters higher than the sea surface, the water pump for ice-cold sea needs to be completely dependent on the water pump to be 30 meters higher, and thus 1000kg × 30m =294 kilojoules per ton of ice-cold sea water is consumed.

(2) The fan or/and the water pump are/is provided with a motor, so that the fan or the water pump is driven by electric power in an auxiliary mode when wind power is insufficient.

(3) A humidifier (preferably an ultrasonic humidifier) is equipped to further humidify the sea surface moisture which is about to be condensed (for example, about to enter an air duct) so as to enable the sea surface moisture to reach saturation humidity, so that the sea surface moisture tuberculosis efficiency is improved, and the efficiency and the yield of the condensed and separated fresh water are increased. The study showed that: the mist produced by the ultrasonic humidifier has a catalytic effect, can generate 1-5 micron ultrafine particles, and can catalyze sea surface moisture tuberculosis on the ultrafine particles, so that the tuberculosis efficiency is improved, and the yield of separated fresh water is increased; the electric heating humidifier has the advantages of high humidifying strength, high humidifying efficiency, energy and electricity conservation, low cost and high water outlet efficiency, and the electricity consumption is only 1/10 to 1/15 of that of the electric heating humidifier.

(4) The evaporator or heat exchanger is connected in parallel with a bypass water pipe for discharging the redundant (i.e. the evaporator is not used) ice-cold seawater to a reservoir for storage for use in windless, wave-less and tide-less times.

(5) A layer of heat preservation floating ball is arranged on the water surface of the reservoir and used for shielding sunlight and avoiding the stored ice-cold seawater from absorbing heat too fast to raise the temperature.

(6) The water outlet is 10m or 5m or 1m or 0.1m lower than the sea surface. Therefore, the circulating water path approaches the siphon effect, and the ice-cold seawater can be driven to flow through the evaporator by using very small power, so that the technical effect of low energy consumption and even zero energy consumption is achieved.

(7) A water inlet pipe, a water pipe wheel, a water pump, an evaporator or a heat exchanger and a water outlet pipe which can be folded and unfolded are arranged on the ship; the cold sea water is pumped into the water inlet pipe from the deep layer below sea surface, flows through the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe and flows back to the sea.

(8) The circulating liquid is delivered to the central air conditioner through the cold delivery pipe to generate cold air for being supplied to nearby buildings.

(9) The dry and cold air cooled by the evaporator and separated from fresh water is used as cold air to be supplied to nearby buildings, such as coastal residential districts and coastal hotels.

The ratio of density of water inlet pipe at R to that of sea water is 0.8-1.2. Therefore, the water inlet pipe can be taken out and put into the deep sea water by using smaller power and energy by virtue of buoyancy, so that the offshore operation is facilitated.

Preferably, the method for desalinating seawater with nearly zero energy consumption is characterized in that: exchanging cold energy obtained from the cold sea water with fresh water by a heat exchanger to cool the fresh water to low temperature fresh water below 17 deg.C (preferably below 10 deg.C); the sea surface moisture is cooled down by spraying/sprinkling/dripping/sprinkling the low-temperature fresh water into the sea surface moisture (preferably higher than 26 ℃), so that the low-temperature fresh water can be directly and fully contacted with the sea surface moisture in a large area, and the fresh water is condensed and separated out. The test shows that: compared with the condensation water separation by adopting a mode of directly contacting the low-temperature fresh water with the sea surface moisture, the condensation water separation has higher water separation rate (namely, the condensation water separation by adopting the mode of directly contacting the low-temperature fresh water with the sea surface moisture) and is more energy-saving, the investment of an evaporator is not needed, and only the investment of parts such as a spray head/a shower head/a water drop nozzle is needed, wherein the cost is very low.

Preferably, the method for desalinating seawater with almost zero energy consumption is characterized in that: the heat exchanger or/and the evaporator are installed at a level of less than 10 meters (even below the sea surface) above sea level (since the highest point of siphoning should not exceed 10 meters, otherwise it is difficult to operate at every start-up and the piping is costly and energy intensive); alternatively, a multi-stage heat exchanger is provided to exchange cold energy to an evaporator at a high altitude location (e.g., on a mountain).

Preferably, the method for desalinating seawater with nearly zero energy consumption is characterized in that: the evaporator is installed close to the air pump, the air pump is driven by the flowing sea surface moisture (i.e. sea wind), then the air pump is used for driving the ice-cold sea water or the circulating liquid to flow through the evaporator, and the flowing sea surface moisture (e.g. the same sea wind) is used for blowing the evaporator so as to cool the sea surface moisture and separate out fresh water. The air pump can be a pump which is provided with fan blades and driven by wind power, the evaporator and the air pump form a wind power evaporator, and the air pump drives ice-cold seawater or circulating liquid to flow through the evaporator. Therefore, the land and wind energy can be effectively utilized, and the evaporator and the wind pump share the same land and share the same wind source.

Preferably, the method for desalinating seawater with almost zero energy consumption is characterized in that: the water inlet pipe, the water pump, the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are arranged at a low-lying position lower than the sea surface; the water inlet pipe, the water pump, the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are always filled with cold seawater.

A near zero energy consumption seawater desalination system, comprising: sea, sea surface moisture, ice-cold seawater, a water inlet pipe or/and a water pump, an evaporator or a heat exchanger, a water outlet pipe, a water collector and a reservoir; wherein, the sea, the water inlet pipe or/and the water pump, the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are communicated to form a circulating water path; the ice-cold seawater flows into the water inlet pipe from the deeper layer below the sea surface, flows through the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe, and then flows back to the sea or the reservoir; the fresh water condensed from the water vapor drops into the water collector and flows into the reservoir.

Preferably, said system for desalinating seawater with substantially zero energy consumption comprises the features set out in any one or more of the following claims i-ix.

I, a windmill device is arranged to collect wind energy, a windmill (preferably a mechanical transmission mechanism is used for directly driving a water pump) is used for pumping ice-cold seawater at a deep layer below the sea surface.

And ii, the altitude of the evaporator is less than or equal to 50m, or 30m, or 20m, or 10m, or 5m.

And iii, constructing an air duct (also called as an air duct), and arranging the evaporator in the air duct, so that sea surface moisture passes through the air duct to blow the evaporator, and then condensing to separate out fresh water. Preferably, dry and cool air cooled by the evaporator to separate fresh water is supplied as cool air to a nearby building.

Iv, a reservoir is built at the sea, and when the tide rises, the ice-cold seawater at the deeper layer below the sea surface is siphoned to the reservoir with low water level through a water inlet pipe, an evaporator or a heat exchanger and a water outlet pipe for storage; or, the ice-cold seawater stored in the reservoir is siphoned to the low-water-level sea through the water inlet pipe, the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe during the ebb tide; or, when the tide rises, the ice-cold seawater at a deeper layer below the sea surface directly gushes (without U-shaped pipe siphon) into the reservoir with the reservoir surface lower than the sea surface through the water inlet pipe (such as a straight pipe) for storage.

V. preferably, a bell mouth wind collecting device is provided, and the bell mouth is arranged to face the wind, so that the sea surface moisture (with wind energy) is naturally blown in from the bell mouth and is guided to the evaporator.

Vi, the temperature of the ice-cold seawater fed into the evaporator is less than or equal to 16 ℃ or 12 ℃ or 8 ℃ or 4 ℃; and (3) extracting ice-cold seawater below 30m, 60m, 80m, 300m, 500m or 1000m from the sea surface.

Vii, temperature of sea surface moisture T ₂ With the temperature T of the cold seawater as it is fed into the evaporator ₁ The difference is more than or equal to 5 ℃ or 10 ℃ or 15 ℃ or 20 ℃; preferably, the sea surface moisture relative humidity is more than or equal to 70 percent to construct a seawater desalination plant.

Ocean currents are large-scale, non-periodic movements of the water in the deep ocean from one ocean area to another, with average ocean currents ranging from 800 meters to 1000 meters in depth. In recent years, scientists have discovered important ocean currents in the oceans around the world, like new guinea coastal currents, the old cotton currents, etc.

Ix, equipped with a solar power unit to (indirectly) drive water pumps or/and fans with the generated electricity; the ice-cold seawater at the deep layer below the sea surface is pumped upwards, and the sea surface moisture is blown to the evaporator by a fan.

Preferably, the nearly zero energy desalination system includes the features of any one or a combination of (1) to (c).

(1) The sea, the water inlet pipe or/and the water pump, the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are communicated to form a circulating water path; the cold sea water flows into the water inlet pipe from the deep layer below the sea surface, flows through the evaporator or the heat exchanger, and flows back to the sea or flows into the reservoir through the water outlet pipe with the water outlet lower than the sea surface.

(3) The humidifier is configured to further humidify sea surface moisture which is about to be condensed to reach saturation humidity, so that sea surface moisture nodule efficiency is improved, and efficiency and yield of condensing and separating out fresh water are increased.

(4) The evaporator or heat exchanger is connected in parallel with a bypass water line for siphoning excess (i.e., spent) chilled seawater to a reservoir for storage.

(5) A layer of heat preservation floating ball is arranged on the water surface of the reservoir to shield sunlight and avoid the stored ice-cold seawater from being heated too fast.

(6) The water outlet is 10m or 5m or 1m or 0.1m lower than the sea surface. Therefore, the circulating water path approaches the siphon effect, and the ice-cold seawater can be driven by very small power to flow through the evaporator, thereby achieving the technical effect of low energy consumption and even zero energy consumption.

(7) A water inlet pipe, a water pipe wheel, a water pump, an evaporator or a heat exchanger and a water outlet pipe which can be folded and unfolded are arranged on the ship; the cold sea water flows into the water inlet pipe from the deep layer below the sea surface, flows through the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe and then flows back to the sea.

(8) The cold conveying pipe is communicated with the central air conditioner and conveys the circulating liquid to the central air conditioner so as to generate cold air for supplying to nearby buildings.

The ratio of density of the R water inlet pipe to the density of the sea water is 0.8-1.2. Therefore, the water inlet pipe can be taken out and put into the deep sea water with smaller power and energy by virtue of buoyancy, so that offshore operation is facilitated.

Preferably, the nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system is characterized in that: the heat exchanger or/and the evaporator are installed at a level of less than 10 meters (even below the sea surface) above sea level (since the highest point of siphoning should not exceed 10 meters, otherwise it is difficult to operate at every start-up and the piping is costly and energy intensive); alternatively, a multi-stage heat exchanger is provided to exchange cold energy to an evaporator at a high altitude location (e.g., on a mountain). In this way, very low circulating pump power losses are available to transfer cold energy to the evaporator at high altitude.

Preferably, the almost zero energy consumption seawater desalination system is characterized in that: an evaporator is arranged on land which is always windy, is not more than 5 kilometers away from the seaside and has an altitude of not more than 50 m; the evaporator is naturally blown by sea surface moisture floating from the sea surface, and fresh water is generated by natural condensation.

Preferably, the nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system is characterized in that: the evaporator is arranged at a high altitude of 300-3000m, and the produced fresh water automatically flows into a reservoir or a reservoir at a high altitude position.

Preferably, the nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system is characterized in that: exchanging cold energy obtained from the ice-cold seawater with fresh water by a heat exchanger to cool the fresh water to low-temperature fresh water of less than 17 ℃ or 10 ℃; the sea surface moisture is cooled down by spraying/sprinkling/dripping/sprinkling the low-temperature fresh water with the temperature lower than 17 ℃ or 10 ℃ into (preferably higher than 26 ℃) sea surface moisture, and the like, so that the low-temperature fresh water can directly and fully contact with the sea surface moisture in a large area, and the fresh water is condensed and separated out. The test shows that: compared with the condensation water separation adopting the technical mode that the low-temperature fresh water is directly contacted with the sea surface moisture, the condensation water separation adopting the technical mode that the sea surface moisture is blown to the evaporator has higher water separation rate and more energy conservation, does not need the investment of the evaporator and only needs the investment of parts such as a spray head/a shower head/a drip nozzle/a shower with very low cost.

Preferably, the almost zero energy consumption seawater desalination system is characterized in that: the evaporator is installed close to the air pump, the air pump is driven by the flowing sea surface moisture (i.e. sea wind), then the air pump is used for driving ice-cold sea water or circulating liquid to flow through the evaporator, and the evaporator is driven by the flowing sea surface moisture (e.g. the same sea wind) to cool the sea surface moisture and separate out fresh water. The air pump can be a pump which is provided with fan blades and driven by wind power, the evaporator and the air pump form a wind power evaporator, and the air pump drives ice-cold seawater or circulating liquid to flow through the evaporator. Therefore, the land and wind energy can be effectively utilized, and the evaporator and the wind pump share the same land and share the same wind source.

Preferably, the nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system is characterized in that: the water inlet pipe, the water pump, the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are arranged at a low-lying position lower than the sea surface; the water inlet pipe, the water pump, the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are always filled with cold seawater.

The sea surface moisture refers to humid air which is formed by natural evaporation of sea water, has the relative humidity of more than or equal to 70% and comes from the sea. The term "almost zero energy consumption" as used herein generally refers to the consumption of little or nearly zero energy or no energy.

Compared with the prior art, the application can produce the following beneficial effects.

Firstly, because the natural water vapor which is naturally evaporated from seawater to the moisture on the sea surface is used as a fresh water source, the water source is inexhaustible, the seawater is evaporated without artificial energy consumption for desalination, and therefore, the seawater desalination with nearly zero energy consumption is realized, the seawater desalination energy is greatly saved, and the seawater desalination cost is greatly reduced. The average relative humidity of the seashore region Haikou city in 2 months is highest, the average relative humidity in 8 months is lowest, the average relative humidity is 87% and 79%, respectively, and the sea surface has great moisture all year round. Therefore, the method is particularly suitable for producing water in coastal areas, islands with water and electricity shortage and ships. The average relative humidity of 1-4 months in Tianjin City is 49%, and if the method is adopted to produce water, the efficiency is relatively low.

Secondly, because the cold seawater at the deep layer below the sea surface is extracted as cold energy which is inexhaustible, the cold energy required by the evaporator does not need to consume commercial energy such as commercial power and the like to carry out artificial refrigeration by a refrigerating machine. Therefore, the seawater desalination is realized with almost zero energy consumption, the seawater desalination energy is saved, and the seawater desalination cost is reduced.

Thirdly, because the water pump is directly driven by a windmill or sea wave power device, commercial energy sources such as commercial power and the like do not need to be consumed; the energy efficiency of the windmill or sea wave directly driving the water pump by the mechanical transmission mechanism is much higher than that of the generated electrically driven water pump; therefore, the water making energy consumption of the device is greatly reduced, and the water making cost of the device is greatly reduced.

And fourthly, in hot and humid summer and in strong wind seasons, the method can completely use natural energy and natural force such as sea surface moisture, sea wind, sea waves and sea tide, condense the sea surface moisture to prepare a large amount of fresh water, and store the fresh water in a reservoir for use in water-deficient seasons. Compared with the existing energy utilization mode of converting (generating) natural energy sources such as sea wind, sea waves, sea tides and ice-cold sea water into electric energy, the energy utilization mode of converting natural energy sources such as sea wind, sea waves, sea tides and ice-cold sea water into fresh water stock has higher energy efficiency ratio, and is more economical, practical and feasible.

Fifthly, because a circulating water path with zero lift is arranged or the siphon effect is utilized, the power loss of a water pump of 10-15 percent can be overcome by using very small power, and the ice-cold seawater is driven to flow through the evaporator, thereby achieving the technical effect of low energy consumption and even zero energy consumption. The friction resistance of the water pump bearing and the filler, the friction between the impeller and water during rotation, the vortex of water flow in the pump, clearance backflow, the impact of inlet and outlet water and other reasons inevitably consume 10-15% of power, so that the water pump cannot completely change input power into effective power, and the power loss and the energy consumption are inevitable. On the contrary, if the water outlet is higher than the sea surface, exposed in the air and not inserted into the sea water below the sea surface, a circulating waterway with zero lift cannot be formed, so that the siphon effect cannot be well exerted, and energy consumption is high.

Measurement and display: by adopting the scheme, the 60kw windmill can be built by investing 25 ten thousand yuan RMB at seaside with abundant wind resources. 1 deep sea water inlet pipe with 12mm wall thickness, 1200mm inner diameter, 15 degrees gradient and 500m depth can be laid by investing 500 ten thousand yuan. The required corresponding evaporator investment is estimated according to 1500 ten thousand yuan, and the total investment is 2025 ten thousand yuan. The power loss of the circulating water pump is calculated according to the 2.5 m lift, and 15000 tons of ice-cold seawater with the temperature of 5 ℃ can be pumped for the evaporator in a circulating mode every hour. After the evaporator absorbs the heat of sea surface moisture to condense the sea surface moisture, the temperature is raised to over 17 ℃ when the cold seawater at 5 ℃ flows out, and a temperature difference of 12 ℃ is generated, which is equivalent to the refrigerating capacity of 209059kW conveyed per hour. Compared with the refrigerating capacity of the SSH-36L air water generator, the water outlet ratio =36kg/24h/3.3eer multiplied by 0.3kw =1.5 kg/kw, 313 tons of water can be generated per hour, and 7512 tons of fresh water can be produced per day by condensation. According to the calculation, the water yield of fresh water prepared from ice-cold seawater is about 1%. Because no commodity energy consumption cost exists, only equipment depreciation cost exists, the depreciation cost is calculated by using durable equipment for 20 years, the depreciation cost of each ton of water is only 0.37 yuan, and other energy consumption costs such as electricity charge and the like do not exist. Therefore, the cost of the water production of 0.37 yuan/ton is only 5-9% of the current cost (4-8 yuan/ton) of seawater desalination in China.

If a household MF-950C dehumidifier with a market selling price of 1200 yuan is taken as an example for cost analysis, the cost of the evaporator is only 260 yuan, the power is 650w, the evaporator is used in west coast regions of Haikou city, about 95 liters of condensed water can be collected every day, and the power consumption is about 15.6 ℃. If an evaporator with the cost of 260 yuan is used as the evaporator of the application, ice-cold seawater is introduced to be used as a cold source, the electricity consumption is not needed, and 95 liters of fresh water can be condensed and separated out every day. The 260 yuan evaporator of the durable metal equipment has the depreciation cost of 0.37 yuan per ton of fresh water, calculated according to the depreciation of 20 years.

In another aspect, a 60kw windmill is used to directly drive the water pump, and 15000 tons of ice-cold seawater at 5 ℃ can be pumped for use by the evaporator in a circulating manner per hour according to the power loss of the circulating water pumping with the head of 2.5 meters. After the evaporator absorbs sea surface moisture heat to condense the sea surface moisture heat, the temperature of the effluent water is raised to be above 17 ℃, and 12 ℃ temperature difference is generated. The refrigeration capacity is equivalent to 209059kW delivered per hour, and the refrigeration energy efficiency ratio EER = Qc/W =3480. In other words, the refrigeration energy efficiency ratio of the almost zero energy consumption seawater desalination system is 3480, which is 996 times of the primary refrigeration energy efficiency ratio of the existing air conditioner, namely 3.6.

In conclusion, inexhaustible and inexhaustible natural resources such as sea surface moisture, ice-cold sea water, wind power, sea waves, tides and the like which are not purchased with money are utilized skillfully to produce water, except for the fact that an automatic control system and lighting and pumping power loss need electricity, commercial energy sources such as commercial power and the like are hardly consumed, the water production cost is as low as that of civil use and agricultural irrigation, the comprehensive water production cost is only less than 10% of the existing seawater desalination cost, the zero-carbon emission can be realized, and the carbon neutralization is promoted to be achieved early.

Drawings

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-zero energy consumption seawater desalination system according to a first embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system in the second embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system in the third embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of another almost zero energy consumption seawater desalination system according to the first embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a seawater desalination system with almost zero energy consumption according to a first embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system according to a fourth embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a section of an evaporator array as used in the examples of the present application.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an evaporation tower used in the embodiments of the present application.

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of condensation and drainage of a shower head in the fifth embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a multistage heat exchanger for transferring cold energy according to a sixth embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view of an evaporator and an air pump installed close to each other in a seventh embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a near-zero energy consumption seawater desalination system according to an eighth embodiment of the present application.

Fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of another almost zero-energy-consumption seawater desalination system according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 14 is a schematic external view of a wind power evaporator according to a seventh embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of a nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system according to the ninth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 16 is a schematic diagram of a nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 17 is a schematic diagram of another almost zero-energy-consumption seawater desalination system according to the tenth embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numbers illustrate: 1-sea surface, 2-sea surface moisture, 3-water inlet pipe, 4-water outlet pipe, 5-water pump, 6-evaporator, 7-bell mouth, 8-windmill, 9-motor, 10-fan, 11-fresh water, 12-reservoir, 13-water outlet (pipe) mouth, 14-water collector, 15-reservoir (water) surface, 16-reservoir, 17-bypass water pipe, 18-water valve, 19-heat-preservation floating ball, 20-heat exchanger, 21-air duct, 22-air duct wall, 23-humidifier, 24-cold conveying pipe, 25-water pipe windlass, 26-ship, 27-evaporation tower, 28-coconut tree, 29-shower head, 30-low-temperature fresh water, 31-overflow mouth, 32-circulating pump, 33-air pump, 34-fan blade, 35-wind power evaporator, 36-water inlet (pipe) mouth, 37-ice-cold ocean current, 38-three-way water outlet.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment.

As shown in fig. 1, a nearly zero energy consumption method for desalination of sea water uses cold sea water deep below the sea surface 1 as cold energy and water vapor contained in warm (preferably above 18 ℃) sea surface moisture 2 as a source of fresh water. Pumping the cold seawater at a deep layer below the sea surface 1 upwards, and allowing the cold seawater to flow through the evaporator 6 to cool the evaporator 6; the warm surface moisture 2 (preferably mist) is introduced to the evaporator 6, and the introduced warm surface moisture 2 is cooled by the evaporator 6 to condense the moisture contained in the warm surface moisture 2 into fresh water 11. Fresh water 11, which is condensed from water vapor, is drawn from the water collector 14 and flows into the retention reservoir 12. The fresh water 11 condensed from the water vapor is transferred from the reservoir 12 to the waterworks for purification treatment, and then becomes the tap water for the residents.

Weather data display: the average water temperature on the sea surface is 17.4 ℃, the water temperature is reduced along with the increase of the depth, the water temperature is 4-5 ℃ at the position 1000 meters below the sea surface, 2-3 ℃ at the position 2000 meters and 1-2 ℃ at the position 3000 meters. People who go by sea have the experience that air blown at sea is very humid. The meteorological data also shows: the water vapor content in the warm sea surface moisture 2 is higher, and the average water vapor content in the warm sea surface moisture 2 is 13.7-17.1g/m at 20 ℃ on a sunny day ³ The relative humidity is 80-100%. Therefore, the water inlet pipe 3 is preferably made of heat insulating material, and the length of the water inlet pipe 3 is preferably 300-500 m below the sea surface 1, because the temperature of the seawater at the depth is 5-8 ℃, when the seawater is pumped up to be sent to the evaporator 6, the temperature of the seawater rises to about 13 ℃ and is lower than the dew point temperature 16 ℃ which is most prone to condensation, and the water vapor in the moisture 2 on the warm sea surface is easily condensed into fresh water 11.

Preferably, in order to avoid consuming commercial energy such as commercial power, fuel oil, fuel gas, coal and the like, the near-zero energy consumption seawater desalination method is preferably provided with a bell mouth 7 wind collecting device, wherein the bell mouth 7 of the wind collecting device always faces warm sea surface moisture 2, so that the sea surface moisture (with wind energy) 2 is naturally blown in from the bell mouth 7 and is guided to the evaporator 6.

Preferably, the almost zero energy consumption seawater desalination method is preferably provided with a windmill 8 device to collect the kinetic energy of the warm sea surface moisture 2, directly driving the water pump 5 by the windmill 8 and the mechanical transmission mechanism thereof, and pumping the cold seawater at the deeper layer below the sea surface 1 to flow through the evaporator 6 to cool the evaporator 6; or, a sea wave power device is equipped to collect the kinetic energy of the sea wave, the sea wave power device and a mechanical transmission mechanism thereof are used for directly driving the water pump 5 to pump the ice-cold sea water at the deeper layer below the sea level 1; alternatively, a solar power generation device is provided, and the generated electricity is used to drive a water pump 5 to pump the cold seawater at a deep layer below the sea surface 1.

The sea wave power device is a prior art, can adopt a swing floating platform in a three-dimensional sea wave energy power generation device (CN 103925147B) in Chinese invention patents, can also adopt the prior arts such as a sea wave water pump in a sea wave energy power generation and offshore oil extraction device (CN 102116245A) in Chinese patent disclosure, and can also adopt a sea wave energy conversion device in a sea wave energy capture mechanism (CN 102032094A) with automatically variable quality in Chinese patent disclosure, and the like, and the details are not repeated herein. The solar power generation device is also a prior art, and is not described in detail herein.

Preferably, the method for desalinating seawater with nearly zero energy consumption is characterized in that the sea, the water inlet pipe 3, the water pump 5, the evaporator 6 and the water outlet pipe 4 are communicated to form a circulating water path; the ice-cold seawater is sucked into a water inlet pipe 3 from a deeper layer below the sea surface 1, and then flows through a water pump 5, an evaporator 6 and a water outlet pipe 4 with a water outlet 13 lower than the sea surface 1 and returns to the sea; the water outlet 13 is preferably 10m or 5m or 1m or 0.1m below the sea surface.

Therefore, the circulating water path can exert siphon effect, and can overcome 10-15% of power loss of the water pump by using very small power to drive the ice-cold seawater to flow through the evaporator 6, thereby achieving the technical effects of low energy consumption and even zero energy consumption. On the contrary, if the water outlet 13 is higher than the sea surface 1, exposed to the air, and not inserted into the sea water below the sea surface 1, a circulation waterway with zero lift is not formed, a reverse siphon effect is generated, large power is required to extract the cold sea water, and energy consumption is high. In practice, the water outlet 13 is intentionally close to the sea surface 1 but not deep into the sea water, which causes energy consumption increase and many defects, and is a deterioration method.

Preferably, in order to ensure that the seawater can be continuously desalinated when the wind power is insufficient (including the absence of wind) so as to ensure that the fresh water 11 can be continuously supplied, the nearly zero-energy consumption seawater desalination method can be provided with the electric fan 10 or/and the electric motor 9 so as to drive the water pump 5 and the fan 10 in an electric power auxiliary manner when the wind power is insufficient; to draw the cold seawater upward to flow through the evaporator 6 for cooling the evaporator 6; the warm sea surface moisture 2 is transported to the evaporator 6 by the fan 10, and the transported warm sea surface moisture 2 is cooled by the evaporator 6, so that the water vapor contained in the warm sea surface moisture 2 is condensed into fresh water 11. The electric fan 10 may be an electric fan, blower/suction fan, or the like that moves air.

Preferably, the nearly zero energy desalination method is provided with a humidifier 23 to further humidify the warm sea surface moisture 2 that will begin to condense to reach saturation humidity to increase the efficiency and yield of condensing out fresh water 11.

Preferably, the near zero energy consumption desalination method is implemented by constructing a wind tunnel (also called wind pipe) and arranging a plurality of evaporators 6 in the wind tunnel 21, so that warm sea surface moisture 2 blows through the wind tunnel 21 to the array of evaporators 6, see fig. 7, for example, tens of thousands of evaporators 6 arranged in a "great wall" several kilometers long. Referring also to fig. 8, in a place where wind is often generated, tens of thousands of evaporators 6 are erected to form an evaporation tower (large) building 27, and the evaporators 6 are blown by sea surface moisture 2 floating from the sea surface, so as to avoid and reduce power consumption of the wind turbine 10.

Preferably, the dry and cool air from the air duct, which is cooled by the evaporator and separated into fresh water 11, is used as cool air to be supplied to nearby buildings, such as coastal residential areas and coastal hotels.

Preferably, since the pumped-up ice-cold seawater contains some animals, plants and silt such as small seashell, etc., it is preferable to transfer the cold energy to the circulating liquid such as low-temperature heat transfer oil through the heat exchanger 20 which is easy to clean, and to transfer the cold energy to the evaporator 6 indirectly through the cold transfer pipe 24 and the circulating liquid, as shown in fig. 4, in order to avoid blocking the fine pipes in the evaporator 6.

Preferably, in order to facilitate maintenance and management, stable operation, prevent backflow of seawater and reduce energy consumption, as shown in fig. 5, a large pit lower than the sea surface 1 is excavated on the seaside land or on the island, equipment of a seawater desalination system with almost zero energy consumption is installed in the large pit, and the seawater is always filled in the water inlet pipe 3, the water pump 5, the heat exchanger 20 and the water outlet pipe 4 by means of the natural pressure of the seawater, so that the water pump 5 is always in the working state of a zero-lift circulation loop, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing the power loss of the water pump 5, stably operating (avoiding the influence of unstable sea climate such as tide and sea wave), and preventing backflow of seawater (omitting a check valve and reducing the energy consumption thereof). In other words, the water intake pipe 3, the water pump 5, the heat exchanger 20, the water outlet pipe 4, and other facilities are installed at a position lower than the sea surface 1, and the water intake pipe 3, the water pump 5, the heat exchanger 20, and the water outlet pipe 4 are always filled with cold seawater. The cold energy is exchanged to a circulating liquid such as a low temperature heat transfer oil through the easy-to-clean heat exchanger 20, and is indirectly transferred to the nearby evaporator 6 through the cold transfer pipe 24 and the circulating liquid.

Example two.

As shown in fig. 7 and 8, it is selected that the evaporator 6 is installed on the land which is windy, has a distance of less than or equal to 5 km from the seaside (because the moisture 2 on the sea surface is still large when spreading to the land in the distance, and the water yield is high), has an altitude of less than or equal to 50m or 100m (because the moisture in the altitude is maximum, and the water yield is highest), constructs a "great wall" consisting of tens of thousands of evaporators 6, and also can erect tens of thousands of evaporators 6 into an (large) evaporation tower 27 (for example, 50m high). The sea surface moisture 2 floating from the sea surface naturally blows the evaporator 6 and naturally condenses to generate fresh water 11, so that the power consumption of the fan 10 in air supply is avoided and reduced.

As shown in fig. 2, a near zero energy consumption seawater desalination system may comprise: sea, warm sea surface moisture 2, a fan 10, ice-cold sea water in the deep sea, a water inlet pipe 3, a water pump 5, an evaporator 6, a water outlet pipe 4, a water collector 14, a bypass water pipe 17 and a water valve 18 thereof, a reservoir 16 with a sea surface 15 lower than the sea surface 1 during tide rising and a heat insulation floating ball 19 thereof; the ice-cold seawater is sucked into a water inlet pipe 3 from a deeper layer below the sea surface 1, flows through a water pump 5 or/and an evaporator 6, a water outlet pipe 4 or/and a bypass water pipe 17, and is siphoned into a reservoir 16; the sea, the water inlet pipe 3, the water pump 5 or/and the evaporator 6, the water outlet pipe 4 or/and the bypass water pipe 17 are communicated to form a circulating water path; the fresh water 11 formed by the condensation of the water vapor drops into the water collector 14 and is led out. The heat preservation floating ball 19 is preferably a white plastic foam ball with the diameter of 30-360 mm. The reservoir 16 is preferably a reservoir 16 formed by damming up the narrowest part of the bay.

Preferably, the seawater desalination system with almost zero energy consumption is provided with a bell mouth 7 wind generating device, wherein the bell mouth 7 of the wind generating device faces warm sea surface moisture 2, so that the warm sea surface moisture 2 is naturally blown in from the bell mouth 7 and is guided to the evaporator 6. Preferably, a windmill 8 device is further provided, the windmill 8 drives the water pump 5, and the cold seawater at the deeper layer below the sea surface 1 is pumped upwards by combining the siphon effect; the sea wave power device can be also equipped to collect the kinetic energy of the sea wave, the water pump 5 is driven by the sea wave power device, and the cold sea water in the deeper layer below the sea surface 1 is pumped up by combining the siphon effect; preferably, a solar power generation device is provided, which uses the generated electricity to drive the water pump 5, and combines the siphon effect to pump the cold seawater at the deeper layer below the sea surface 1.

The wave power device is a prior art, can adopt a swing floating platform in a three-dimensional wave energy power generation device (CN 103925147B) in Chinese invention patents, can also adopt wave water pumps in a wave energy power generation and offshore oil production device (CN 102116245A) in Chinese patent publications, can also adopt wave energy conversion devices in a wave energy capture mechanism (CN 102032094A) with automatically variable quality and other prior art in Chinese patent publications, and is not described again. The solar power generation device is also a prior art, and is not described in detail here.

Preferably, the reservoir surface 15 of the reservoir 16 containing chilled seawater is covered by a thermal float 19 to block sunlight from excessively rapid warming of the stored chilled seawater.

Preferably, the seawater natural desalination system is equipped with an electric fan 10 or/and an electric motor 9, so that when wind power is insufficient, the electric power assists to drive the water pump 5 and the fan 10, the electric water pump 5 pumps cold seawater from a deeper layer below the sea surface 1 to the evaporator 6, and the electric fan 10 conveys warm sea surface moisture 2 to the evaporator 6.

Example three.

As shown in fig. 3, a nearly zero energy consumption seawater desalination system is constructed, which comprises: sea, warm sea surface moisture 2, a fan 10, ice-cold sea water in the deep sea, a water inlet pipe 3, a water pump 5, an evaporator 6, a water outlet pipe 4, a water collector 14, a bypass water pipe 17 and a water valve 18 thereof, a reservoir 16 with a reservoir surface 15 higher than the sea surface 1 during the ebb and a heat insulation floating ball 19 thereof; the stored ice-cold seawater in the reservoir 16 is sucked into the water inlet pipe 3 from the reservoir 16, flows through the water pump 5 or/and the evaporator 6 and the water outlet pipe 4 and is siphoned into the sea; the sea, the water inlet pipe 3, the water pump 5 or/and the evaporator 6 and the water outlet pipe 4 are communicated to form a circulating water path; the condensed fresh water 11 drops into the water collector 14 and is led out.

Preferably, the seawater desalination system with almost zero energy consumption is provided with a bell mouth 7 wind collection device, wherein the bell mouth 7 of the wind collection device faces warm sea surface moisture 2, so that the warm sea surface moisture 2 is naturally blown in from the bell mouth 7 and is guided to the evaporator 6. It is preferable to provide a means of a windmill 8 for driving the water pump 5 by the windmill 8 to return the cold seawater stored in the reservoir 16 to the sea by a siphon effect.

Preferably, the reservoir surface 15 of the reservoir 16 containing the chilled sea water is covered with a heat retaining float 19 to block sunlight from excessively rapid warming of the stored chilled sea water.

Preferably, the seawater natural desalination system is equipped with an electric fan 10 or/and an electric motor 9, so that when wind power is insufficient, the electric water pump 5 and the fan 10 are driven by electric power assistance, the stored ice-cold seawater is pumped from the reservoir 16 to the evaporator 6 by the electric water pump 5, and warm sea surface moisture 2 is transported to the evaporator 6 by the electric fan 10.

Example four.

As shown in fig. 6, a set of seawater desalination system with almost zero energy consumption and an electric water pipe windlass 25 capable of receiving and releasing a heat-insulating water inlet (winding) pipe 3 is mounted on a vessel 26 such as a pontoon, and a water pump 5 is driven by a motor 9 or a windmill 8 to pump cold seawater in deep sea upward to enter a heat exchanger 20 and a water outlet pipe 4 and flow back to the sea with the assistance of siphon. The heat exchanger 20 can exchange the cold energy carried by the cold seawater to the circulating liquid such as low-temperature heat transfer oil, and indirectly transfer the cold energy to the evaporator 6 on the ship 26 through the cold transfer pipe 24 and the circulating liquid, thereby completing the subsequent preparation of the fresh water 11 as in the above-mentioned embodiments.

Preferably, the pumped cold seawater is pumped to land through buoyancy tanks or buoyancy pipes, and the subsequent process of producing fresh water 11 is completed as in the first embodiment.

Preferably, the nearly zero energy desalination system of the present application is installed on a large vessel 26 to build a large dedicated water producing vessel 26. The large dedicated water producing vessel 26 is driven to the deep sea surface far from the land to produce fresh water 11, and the produced fresh water 11 is transported back to the dock.

Because the heat-insulating water inlet (coil) pipe 3 suspended in seawater, the water pump 5 on the ship 26, the heat exchanger 20, the water outlet pipe 4 suspended on the ship 26 and the seawater in the sea form a circulating water path together, the motor 9 only needs to overcome 10-15% of power loss to do work, and therefore, the power consumption of the motor 9 is very low. In other words, the circulating water path is very energy-saving.

Example five.

As shown in fig. 9, cold energy obtained from ice-cold seawater is exchanged to fresh water 11 by a heat exchanger 20, thereby producing low-temperature fresh water 30; an air duct 21 enclosed by an air duct wall 22 is arranged, a windmill is adopted to drive a circulating pump 32 to pump low-temperature fresh water 30 high, and spraying/sprinkling/dripping/sprinkling and the like are adopted in the air duct 21 to ensure that the low-temperature fresh water 30 is directly and fully contacted with sea surface moisture 2 in a large area, so that the sea surface moisture 2 is cooled, and the condensed and separated fresh water 11 falls into a water collector 14, and then overflows through an overflow port 31 and flows into a reservoir 12. The test research finds that: the sprayed low-temperature fresh water 30 drops gradually increase in friction contact with the sea surface moisture 2, condense and absorb the moisture in the sea surface moisture 2 during the falling process in the wind tunnel 21, and finally fall into the water collector 14.

Preferably, the evaporator 6 and the reservoir 12 of the natural seawater desalination system are located at an elevated location. Thus, the low-temperature fresh water 30 can be automatically flowed to the shower head 29 without pumping up the low-temperature fresh water 30 by the circulation pump 32.

The test shows that: one ton of fresh water 11 is prepared in the same way, the condensation and water separation are carried out in a mode that the low-temperature fresh water 30 is in direct large-area full contact with the sea surface moisture 2, compared with the condensation and water separation in a mode that the sea surface moisture 2 is blown to the evaporator 6, the condensation and water separation rate is higher, energy is saved, the investment of the evaporator 6 is not needed, only the investment of sprinkling parts such as a sprinkler 29/a sprinkler/a drip nozzle/a shower nozzle with low cost is needed, and the initial market price inquiry is known to save the investment by more than ten times.

Example six.

Preferably, the evaporator 6 of the natural seawater desalination system is installed at a high altitude (e.g., high mountain) of 300-3000 m. Therefore, on one hand, the abundant water vapor in the low cloud mist can be condensed to improve the yield of the fresh water 11, on the other hand, the fresh water 11 produced by the other party can automatically flow from the water collector 14 to the high-altitude reservoir 12 or reservoir for storage, so that the fresh water can automatically flow from a high place to a user home or to a water-deficient area, the north diversion of the south water and the west diversion of the east water are realized, and the problems that a large amount of electric energy is consumed by a multi-stage water pump 5 station and the water is pumped from a low place to a high place like the north diversion of the south water in the prior art can be avoided.

Preferably, in order to circulate the ice-cold seawater at a low altitude as much as possible, and to avoid the disadvantages of the high cost of the water inlet pipe 3, the easy damage and leakage of the water inlet pipe 3, etc. caused by the large pressure change of the pipe wall due to the circulation of the ice-cold seawater at a high altitude, it is preferable to exchange the cold energy to the evaporator 6 at a high altitude (e.g., on a mountain) through the multi-stage heat exchanger 20 as shown in fig. 10. In this way, very low circulating pump power losses are available to transfer cold energy to the evaporator at high altitude.

Example seven.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 11, a plurality of evaporators 6 are installed in close proximity to a plurality of air pumps 33, respectively, and arranged in parallel to form a great wall of wind evaporators 35 extending over several tens of kilometers. For example, the evaporator 6 is installed at a position near the front, rear, left, right, upper, lower, etc. of the air pump 33. The air pump 33 is blown by a stream of flowing sea surface moisture 2 (i.e. sea wind), the ice-cold sea water or circulating liquid is driven by the air pump 33 to flow through the evaporator 6, and the evaporator 6 is blown by the same stream of flowing sea surface moisture 2 (i.e. the same stream of sea wind) to condense the sea surface moisture 2 and separate out fresh water 11. The air pump 33 may be a wind-driven circulation pump with blades 34, the air pump 33 being a wind-powered pump of this applicant's current initiative. Therefore, the land and wind energy can be effectively utilized, the evaporator 6 and the wind pump 33 share the same land and share the same wind source, and therefore the land resource is saved and the wind resource is effectively utilized.

Preferably, as shown in fig. 14, the evaporator 6 and the air pump 33 are integrally designed, and a wind-driven evaporator 35 is manufactured in the shape like an air-conditioning outdoor unit. In other words, the wind-powered evaporator 35 includes the evaporator 6 and the wind pump 33, and the wind pump 33 drives the ice-cold seawater or the circulating liquid to flow through the evaporator 6. Thus, the air passing area of the evaporator 6 is approximately equal to the air passing area of the fan blades 34 (of the air pump 33), so that the circulating liquid (such as ice-cold seawater) and the blowing evaporator 6 are driven by the wind energy to the maximum extent, the capacity of condensing and separating out the fresh water 11 is greatly improved, and the use of high-cost commercial energy such as commercial power is avoided as much as possible.

Example eight.

As shown in fig. 12, a near zero energy desalination system can comprise: sea, warm flowing sea surface moisture 2, ice-cold sea water in the deep sea, a water inlet pipe 3, an evaporator 6, a water outlet pipe 4, a water collector 14, a bypass water pipe 17 and a water valve 18 thereof, a reservoir 16 with a sea surface 15 lower than the sea surface 1 during tide rising and a heat insulation floating ball 19 thereof; the ice-cold seawater is sucked into the water inlet pipe 3 from a deeper layer below the sea surface 1, flows through the evaporator 6, the water outlet pipe 4 or/and the bypass water pipe 17 and is siphoned into the reservoir 16; the sea, the water inlet pipe 3, the evaporator 6, the water outlet pipe 4 or/and the bypass water pipe 17 are communicated to form a siphon waterway; the condensed fresh water 11 drops into the water collector 14 and is led out. The heat preservation floating ball 19 is preferably a white plastic foam ball with the diameter of 30-360 mm. The reservoir 16 is preferably a reservoir 16 formed by damming up the narrowest part of the bay.

On the contrary, as shown in fig. 13, when the tide is going down, the reservoir surface 15 is higher than the sea surface 1, and the cold seawater stored in the reservoir 16 can return from the original path and be siphoned into the sea through the evaporator 6.

Preferably, the seawater desalination system with almost zero energy consumption is provided with a bell mouth 7 wind generating device, wherein the bell mouth 7 of the wind generating device faces warm sea surface moisture 2, so that the warm sea surface moisture 2 is naturally blown in from the bell mouth 7 and is guided to the evaporator 6.

In conclusion, the ice-cold seawater can be driven to flow into and out of the evaporator 6 completely by depending on the water level difference between the sea surface 1 and the reservoir surface 15 during the rising tide period and the falling tide period, natural energy sources such as sea wind, sea waves and sea tides and the natural force, so that zero-energy consumption seawater desalination is realized.

Example nine.

As shown in fig. 15, a near zero energy desalination system can comprise: the reservoir surface 15 is lower than the reservoir 16 of the sea surface 1 when the tide rises; the cold sea water is poured into tens of hundreds of large-diameter water inlet pipes 3 (without U-shaped pipe siphon) from the deep layer below the sea surface 1, and then is poured into a reservoir 16 for storage, and then is used for subsequent use, and when the sea water is used up and the tide is drawn back, the sea water is returned to the sea surface. The reservoir 16 is preferably a reservoir 16 formed by damming up the narrowest part of the bay.

Example ten.

As shown in fig. 16, selecting a sea area with abundant ice-cold ocean currents 37, constructing a near zero energy consumption seawater desalination system, wherein a water inlet (pipe) port 36 is arranged at the upstream of the ice-cold ocean currents 37, and a water outlet (pipe) port 13 is arranged at the downstream of the ice-cold ocean currents 37; the cold ocean current 37 automatically flows from upstream into the water inlet pipe 3, through the heat exchanger 20 or/and the evaporator 6, out the water outlet pipe 4 and the three-way water outlet 38, and downstream of the cold ocean current 37. It is preferable to design a three-way water outlet 38 as shown in fig. 17 to reduce the pressure at the water outlet 13. Thus, the water inlet pipe 3, the heat exchanger 20 or/and the evaporator 6 and the water outlet pipe 4 form a U-shaped pipe-like siphon effect water path, water can automatically flow only by filling the pipe when the water path is used for the first time, and cold energy carried by the ice-cold seawater can be automatically transmitted to the heat exchanger 20 or/and the evaporator 6 without consuming any other energy sources, so that the fresh water 11 is condensed and separated out.

The above disclosure is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present application and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present application, so that the present application may be practiced with modification within the spirit and scope of the appended claims. The title of the application subject matter is only the title of the patent application, and is not limited to specific technical features, but also the abstract and the generalization of the technical solutions formed by all the technical features included in the claims are the names of the patent solutions and are not the limits of the patent claims, especially the term "almost zero energy consumption" in the title of the application, and cannot be used as a limit of the patent claims at all.

Claims

1. A near zero energy consumption seawater desalination system, comprising: sea, sea surface moisture, ice-cold sea water, a water inlet pipe or/and a water pump, an evaporator or a heat exchanger, a water outlet pipe and a water collector; wherein, the sea, the water inlet pipe or/and the water pump, the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are communicated to form a circulating water path; the ice-cold seawater flows into the water inlet pipe from the deeper layer below the sea surface, flows through the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe, and then flows back to the sea or the reservoir; the fresh water formed by condensing the water vapor drops into the water collector.

2. The near zero energy consumption seawater desalination system of claim 1, wherein: it includes any one or more of i-ix:

the method comprises the following steps that i, a windmill device is configured to collect wind energy, and a water pump is driven by a windmill;

ii, the altitude of the evaporator is less than or equal to 50m, or 30m, or 20m, or 10m, or 5m; iii, constructing an air duct, and arranging the evaporator in the air duct to enable sea surface moisture to blow the evaporator through the air duct;

iv, a reservoir is built at the sea, and when the tide rises, the ice-cold seawater at the deeper layer below the sea surface is siphoned into the reservoir with the reservoir surface lower than the sea surface through a water inlet pipe, an evaporator or a heat exchanger and a water outlet pipe; or the ice-cold seawater stored in the reservoir is siphoned into the sea with the sea surface lower than the reservoir surface through the water inlet pipe, the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe during the ebb-tide; or when the tide rises, the ice-cold seawater at the deeper layer below the sea surface directly gushes into a reservoir with the reservoir surface lower than the sea surface through a water inlet pipe for storage;

v, configuring a bell mouth wind collecting device, mounting the bell mouth facing the wind, and naturally blowing in sea surface moisture from the bell mouth and guiding the sea surface moisture to the evaporator;

vi, the temperature of the ice-cold seawater fed into the evaporator is less than or equal to 16 ℃ or 12 ℃ or 8 ℃ or 5 ℃;

vii, temperature of sea surface moisture T ₂ With the temperature T of the cold seawater as it is fed into the evaporator ₁ The difference is more than or equal to 5 ℃ or 10 ℃ or 15 ℃ or 20 ℃; the relative humidity of sea surface moisture is more than or equal to 70 percent;

viii, a water inlet is arranged at the upstream of the ice-cold ocean current, and a water outlet is arranged at the downstream of the ice-cold ocean current; the cold ocean current automatically flows from upstream into the water inlet pipe, through the heat exchanger or/and the evaporator, and out of the water outlet pipe to downstream of the cold ocean current.

3. The near zero energy consumption seawater desalination system of claim 2, wherein: it includes any one or more of the following (1) to (r):

(1) the sea, the water inlet pipe or/and the water pump, the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are communicated to form a circulating water path; the ice-cold seawater flows into the water inlet pipe from the deeper layer below the sea surface, flows through the evaporator or the heat exchanger, flows through the water outlet pipe with the water outlet lower than the sea surface, and then flows back to the sea or the reservoir;

(2) the fan or/and the water pump are/is provided with a motor, so that the fan or the water pump is driven by electric power in an auxiliary manner when wind power is insufficient;

(3) the humidifier is configured to further humidify sea surface moisture so as to improve sea surface moisture tuberculosis efficiency and increase efficiency and yield of condensed and separated fresh water;

(4) the evaporator or the heat exchanger is connected with a bypass water pipe in parallel and used for discharging the redundant ice-cold seawater to a reservoir for storage;

(5) a layer of heat preservation floating ball is arranged on the water surface of the reservoir and used for shielding sunlight to prevent the stored ice-cold seawater from being heated too fast;

(6) the water outlet is 10m or 5m or 1m or 0.1m lower than the sea surface;

(7) a water inlet pipe, a water pipe wheel, a water pump, an evaporator or a heat exchanger and a water outlet pipe which can be folded and unfolded are arranged on the ship; the ice-cold seawater is pumped into the water inlet pipe from the deeper layer below the sea surface, flows through the evaporator or the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe and flows back to the sea;

(8) the cold conveying pipe is communicated with the central air conditioner and conveys the circulating liquid to the central air conditioner so as to generate cold air to be supplied to nearby buildings for use;

(9) the dry and cold air cooled by the evaporator and separated out fresh water is used as cold air to be supplied to nearby buildings;

the ratio of the density of the water inlet pipe at the R to the density of the seawater is 0.8-1.2; alternatively, the heat exchanger or/and the evaporator are installed at a location having an altitude of less than 10 meters; alternatively, a multi-stage heat exchanger is provided to exchange cold energy to the evaporator at the high altitude location.

4. Near zero energy consumption seawater desalination system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein: an evaporator is arranged on land which is always windy, is less than or equal to 5 kilometers away from the seaside and has the altitude less than or equal to 50 m; the evaporator is naturally blown by sea surface moisture floating from the sea surface, and fresh water is generated by natural condensation.

5. Near zero energy consumption seawater desalination system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein: the evaporator is arranged at a high altitude of 300-3000m, and the produced fresh water automatically flows into a reservoir or a reservoir at a high altitude position.

6. Near zero energy consumption seawater desalination system according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, wherein:

exchanging cold energy obtained from the ice-cold seawater to fresh water by a heat exchanger to cool the fresh water to low-temperature fresh water at the temperature lower than 17 ℃ or 10 ℃, and cooling sea surface moisture in a manner of directly and fully contacting the low-temperature fresh water at the temperature lower than 17 ℃ or 10 ℃ with the sea surface moisture in a large area, thereby condensing and separating out fresh water;

or the evaporator and the air pump are arranged close to each other, the air pump is driven by the flowing sea surface moisture, then the air pump is used for driving the ice-cold seawater or the circulating liquid to flow through the evaporator, and the flowing sea surface moisture is used for blowing the evaporator so as to condense the sea surface moisture to separate out fresh water; the air pump is a pump which is provided with fan blades and is driven by wind power; the evaporator and the air pump form a wind power evaporator;

or the water inlet pipe, the water pump, the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are arranged at a low position lower than the sea surface, and the water inlet pipe, the water pump, the heat exchanger and the water outlet pipe are filled with cold seawater all the time.