CN217601343U - Ecological special-shaped block with tidal basin and vertical ecological revetment structure formed by same - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model belongs to have ecological and safeguard function's shore protection structure concurrently in coast engineering and the water transportation engineering field, the ecological type dysmorphism block in concretely relates to area tidal basin and the ecological shore protection structure of vertical type that forms thereof. The block body of the utility model forms two bin lattices with different functions at the inner side and the outer side, the inner bin lattice has the function of the traditional hollow square block, and the dead weight can be increased by back filling the mountain soil and stone to form a stable section; the outer side bin forms an artificial tide pond, and is arranged in a staggered mode in the vertical direction to form a water facing surface with concave-convex degrees, so that the protection effect of the revetment is improved, and meanwhile, water bodies are stored in rising and falling tide and flood season to form a certain biological inhabitation space. Adopt the utility model discloses a vertical type ecological bank protection structure that block formed not only has better unrestrained, the weak current effect of disappearing, more is favorable to biological adhering to, and is more friendly to ecosystem.

Description

Ecological special-shaped block with tidal basin and vertical ecological revetment structure formed by same

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to have ecological and safeguard function's shore protection structure concurrently in coast engineering and the water transportation engineering field, concretely relates to take ecological type dysmorphism block in tidal basin and the ecological shore protection structure of vertical type that forms thereof.

Background

The revetment structures in the coast and the water transport engineering mainly comprise a slope type revetment structure and a vertical type revetment structure, wherein the vertical type revetment structure has the characteristics of small occupied water area, stone saving and convenient and quick construction; the construction method of prefabrication installation is usually adopted, the influence of water climate and waves is small, and the influence on marine ecological environment is small.

Vertical revetment structures often employ gravity-type structures, sheet pile structures, and the like. In areas with better foundation conditions and strict requirements on space occupation, the gravity type structure is a more economic and reasonable structure mode. The gravity type structure mainly utilizes the weight of the gravity type structure to protect the land area at the rear and has the function of resisting waves and water flow. Common gravity type structures include caisson structures, buttress structures, solid blocks, hollow blocks, and the like.

The protection effect and stability checking calculation of the traditional vertical revetment has been fully demonstrated. However, the wave-facing surface of the traditional vertical structure is smooth, the reflection effect on the waves is strong, on one hand, the reflected waves are easily overlapped with incident waves in front of the dike to form larger waves, and the adverse effect on the stability of the structure is achieved; on the other hand, the waves form larger overtopping waves along the flat revetment wave-facing (water) surface, and threaten the structures of the rear land area. Therefore, to maintain the stability of the structure, the structure is often heavy and expensive.

The existing vertical structure has smooth outer side, so that plants, shellfish and other organisms are difficult to attach to the embankment body, and a proper aquatic environment cannot be formed, so that the ecological performance of the whole revetment and the seawall is insufficient, and the natural transition of a water area and a land ecological system is split.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

In view of the above, the vertical revetment and sea wall, which do not require the work of approaching a ship, are optimized in terms of both the reduction of the energy of the wave current and the improvement of the ecology of the bank body. The frequent characteristics of the comprehensive consideration coast and river water level change borrow the ecological characteristic in view of natural tidal basin on the reef, the utility model provides a take the structure block in tidal basin to utilize this block to establish the ecological bank protection structure of vertical type, can build functions such as unrestrained, weak current, protection and biological perching at the bank protection forward position.

In order to achieve the purpose, the utility model adopts the technical scheme that:

the ecological special-shaped block with the tidal basin comprises a rear wall 1, a wave dissipation front wall 3, two side walls 2, a partition wall 22 and a bottom plate 4, wherein the rear wall 1, the wave dissipation front wall 3 and the two side walls 2 form a closed vertical wall, and the middle of the vertical wall is divided into two outer bin lattices 5 and two inner bin lattices 6 through the partition wall 22; the outer side bin 5 is used as an artificial tidal basin and is in a special-shaped hollow square structure with a bottom, the bottom plate 4 is the bottom of the outer side bin 5, the wave-dissipating front wall 3 is used as a wave-facing surface, and different shapes or special shapes are set according to use requirements; the inner compartment 6 is a hollow square block with or without bottom or a solid square block; when the inner compartment 6 is a solid block, the partition 22 is eliminated.

The outer sides of the two side walls 2 are respectively provided with a horizontal convex connecting body 20 and a horizontal concave connecting body 21, and the upper surface and the lower surface of each side wall 2 are respectively provided with a vertical convex connecting body 18 and a vertical concave connecting body 19 for connecting adjacent blocks.

A plurality of holes 12 can be arranged on the bottom plate 4 and the wave-dissipating front wall 3 according to requirements to form a water flow channel.

The ecological special-shaped block with the tidal basin is a precast concrete block.

The vertical ecological revetment structure is formed by adopting the ecological special-shaped blocks with the tide ponds, and a plurality of ecological special-shaped blocks with the tide ponds are stacked in sequence in the vertical direction and are arranged in a staggered manner in the horizontal direction; the inner bin lattices 6 of each ecological special-shaped block with the tidal basin are arranged on the land side and can be used for retaining soil, and the outer bin lattices 5 face the sea side and are used as artificial tidal basins and can dissipate waves and weak currents; the upper and lower blocks are connected by a vertical convex connector 18 and a vertical concave connector 19, and the left and right blocks are connected by a horizontal convex connector 20 and a horizontal concave connector 21; the outer bin lattices 5 are used for placing different ecological plants according to different requirements.

The utility model provides a take ecological type block in tidal basin with unrestrained, weak current, protection and biological function of perching to through crisscross the ecological bank protection structure of the type of standing vertically that forms after overlapping, main characteristics and advantage are as follows:

1) The structure block body of the utility model can adopt a light concrete structure, two bins with different functions can be formed at the inner side and the outer side, the inner bin has the function of a traditional hollow square, and the self weight can be increased by backfilling mountain soil and stones to form a stable section; the outer bin grids form an artificial tide pond, and water bodies are stored in the flood tide and flood season to form a certain biological inhabitation space.

2) The utility model discloses a mask block has increased water storage tidal basin, and covers each other between the multilayer water storage tidal basin crisscross, forms the space that shields that marine organism liked, has better biological habitat environment for traditional structure block, and more is favorable to biological adhering to, and is more friendly to ecosystem.

3) The utility model discloses a block is at sea side staggered arrangement, forms unevenness's the face of surfing, has better unrestrained, the weak current effect of disappearing for traditional plain noodles block, increases the overall stability of shore protection structure, reduces the wave along standing up planar unrestrained more, improves the guard action to rear land area structures.

4) The utility model discloses a can overlap joint each other between the block, the wholeness is better, and crisscross intercommunication between the upper and lower of inboard storehouse check, increases the block dead weight through filling natural stone for hollow block fuses, further improves the stability of each block.

5) The utility model discloses an outside storehouse check with unrestrained function disappears can have multiple change, and crisscross pile back, the vision is just sent out by mistake, and whole straight shore protection in the past has better view effect, and the front edge line of every layer of unsmooth change has better unrestrained weak current effect that disappears.

6) The utility model discloses a wave dissipation antetheca can be planar, also can set up anti-unrestrained arc in order to increase wave energy dissipation effect.

7) The utility model discloses can change the width of the outside storehouse check of sea side as required, make the section after the stack step form under narrow wide ladder in the sea side, increase structural stability.

8) The utility model discloses can change the position that the storehouse check was stacked from top to bottom as required, the land side adjustment is the slope of echelonment in order to adapt to land area.

9) The tidal basin of block, there can be multiple change in different water level departments for the ecosystem in waters and land area can be more natural integration. Above the normal water level, the bin lattices can be filled with soil or paved with plant growth pads so as to facilitate the growth of vegetation, and holes can be formed on the bottom plate and the side wall to drain redundant accumulated water; in the water level change area below the normal water level, the long-term water storage tidal pools can be used as habitats of marine organisms, and the aquatic organisms can move among the tidal pools in the process of flood tide and flood season, so that the healthy development of the dyke body ecosystem is promoted; in the low water level area which is under water all the year round, larger holes can be opened to form a flow passage, thereby increasing the water body exchange between the tidal basins and improving the wave dissipation function of the facing block body.

Drawings

Fig. 1 and fig. 2 are a top view and a cross-sectional view of a vertical ecological shaped block with a tidal basin when the inner compartment is a hollow block;

FIG. 3 is a schematic three-dimensional effect of an upright ecological special-shaped block with a tidal basin;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the three-dimensional arrangement effect of a plurality of vertical ecological special-shaped blocks with tidal basins;

FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b) are a sectional view and a plan view, respectively, of the embodiment in which the dimensional calculation is performed;

fig. 6 (a) -6 (c) are schematic plan layout views of the revetment corresponding to the wave-dissipating front wall with different shapes, which are respectively an arc shape, a trapezoid I and a trapezoid II;

FIG. 7 is a schematic stepped cross-section;

FIG. 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of adapting to land terrain;

fig. 9 is a sectional view of the upright sea wall.

Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the ecological effect of the dyke body.

Fig. 11 (a) and 11 (b) are top view and section view of the ecological shaped block with tidal basin in vertical type when the inner compartment is solid block.

Fig. 12 (a) and 12 (b) are top and cross-sectional views of the ecological shaped block body of the upright type tidal basin without diaphragm compartments.

In the figure: 1 a rear wall; 2, side walls; 3 wave-eliminating front wall; 4, a bottom plate; 5 outer bin grids; 6 inner side bin grids; 12, opening a hole; 8, a breast wall; 9, cutting mountain soil and stones; 10 filling soil, paving a vegetation pad to plant alkali-resistant plants; 11 pebbles, stones, or small fish reefs; 12, opening a hole; 13 throw Dan Jichuang; 14 backfilling the rock block; 15 inverted filtering layer; 16 land backfilling; 17 land surface layer; 18 a vertically convex connecting body; 19 a vertically concave connector; 20 a horizontally oriented male connector; 21 a horizontal concave connector; 22 partition walls.

Detailed Description

The following further describes a specific embodiment of the present invention with reference to the drawings and technical solutions.

The utility model discloses an ecological special-shaped block body in tidal basin is taken to vertical type (as shown in figure 1, figure 2, figure 3) to can vertically stack into a set of inboard fender soil, the ecological bank protection structure of the unrestrained weak current that disappears in the outside. The block body comprises a rear wall 1, a wave-dissipating front wall 3, two side walls 2, a partition wall 22 and a bottom plate 4, wherein the rear wall 1, the wave-dissipating front wall 3 and the two side walls 2 form a closed vertical wall, and the middle part of the block body is divided into two bin lattices, namely an outer bin lattice 5 and an inner bin lattice 6, by the partition wall 22; the outer bin 5 is a special-shaped hollow square structure with a bottom plate 4, and the inner bin 6 is a hollow square with or without a bottom, or a solid square. When the inner compartment 6 is a hollow square with a bottom, the partition wall 22 between the inner and outer compartments 6 and 5 can be eliminated to form an integral compartment. The outer sides of the two side walls 2 are respectively provided with a horizontal convex connecting body 20 and a horizontal concave connecting body 21, and the upper surface and the lower surface of each side wall 2 are respectively provided with a vertical convex connecting body 18 and a vertical concave connecting body 19 for connecting adjacent blocks.

The structure of the utility model is described below by taking a hollow square block with a tidal basin and an arc shape with a wide application range as an example, as follows:

the back wall 1 is connected with the two side walls 2, and the wave-dissipating front wall 3 at the outer side is connected with the two side walls 2 to form a closed vertical wall. The inner and outer chambers are separated by partition walls 22, the inner chamber 6 is a bottomless hollow square structure, the bottom of the outer chamber 5 is a bottom plate 4, and a water-storing artificial tidal basin is formed on the wave-facing side.

The tidal basin formed outside the circular arc-shaped hollow square blocks can realize automatic water body supplement in the flood tide or flood season, and meanwhile, the blocks are overlapped and staggered to form a certain shielding area in the tidal basin, so that space and water bodies can be provided for the growth and development of plants, small animals and other organisms. Planting soil or a plant growing cushion can be laid in an area above a high water level according to the actual elevation of the block body in the tidal pond, so that a growing space is provided for terrestrial vegetation; arranging natural reefs, pebbles or small fish reefs in the water level change area to provide more attachments for aquatic organisms; optionally, the bottom plate 4 and the wave-dissipating front wall 3 are provided with openings 12 which are communicated with the lower tide pool to form a water flow channel, so that the wave-dissipating function of the wave-dissipating water tank is improved.

The circular arc-shaped hollow square block structures are sequentially stacked vertically and are arranged in a staggered manner in the horizontal direction (figure 4), and a three-dimensional wave-facing (water) surface is formed by the staggered arrangement of the upper layer block body and the lower layer block body, so that the concavity and convexity of the wave-facing (water) side of the original upright revetment are greatly improved, the wave-eliminating and weak flow functions of the upright revetment are improved, the wave overtopping of the waves along the upright revetment can be obviously reduced, and the protection effect on the revetment and a rear structure is effectively improved. Between the tidal basin platforms arranged in a staggered manner, the upper-layer bottom plate can form a shielding effect on the shallow basin space of the lower layer, and the marine organism inhabiting and growing is facilitated.

The connection between the circular arc hollow blocks can be provided with a connection structure which is connected horizontally and vertically in a concave-convex manner, so that the stability of a single block is improved. Simultaneously the block is crisscross the back that stacks, and the inboard storehouse check 6 of no bottom plate between the upper and lower floor are crisscross the intercommunication each other, and the accessible is filled natural lump stone and is increased the block dead weight, or sets up vertical concrete structure in the storehouse check of UNICOM, fuses the hollow block, further increases the stability of block. Can put the lump stone in the tidal basin of outside, perhaps increase roughness through setting up certain arch or recess, better subduct wave energy on the one hand, more be favorable to marine organism's adhesion on the one hand.

Taking the circular arc hollow block structure as an example, the following calculation of the implementation size of the block is introduced (as shown in fig. 5 (a) and 5 (b)):

1. and (4) drawing up the total width B of the block body according to the bearing capacity of the foundation and the integral stability condition.

2. And if the central angle of the circular arc is alpha and the radius of the circular arc is R, B1= B2= R (1-cos (alpha/2)), B4 is the width of the straight line segment of the sea side bin lattice, the volume of the bin lattice can be changed by adjusting B4, and B3= B-B1-B2-B4.

3. The length L = L1+ L2+ L3 of the single block, wherein L1=2l2=2sin (α/2).

4. The thickness of the outer side wall of the block body is delta 1, and the thickness of the partition wall is delta 2.

5. And determining the height H of the block according to construction conditions and stability.

The implementation method of the block body of the arc wave-shaped horizontal bottom plate can generate the following variation forms at the same time:

1) The bottom plate 4 can be designed into a trapezoidal form, a trapezoidal form and a form combining circular arcs according to landscape requirements. As shown in fig. 6 (a) to 6 (c).

2) The wave-facing surface is a plane, and a wave-reflecting arc can be arranged to increase the wave energy dissipation effect.

3) The width of the outer bin lattices can be changed according to the needs, so that the cross section forms an upper narrow and lower wide step at the sea side, as shown in fig. 7.

4) The position of the bin grids stacked up and down can be changed as required, and the land side is adjusted to be in a step shape to adapt to the gradient of the land area, as shown in fig. 8.

The utility model discloses a take mask block in tide pond is prefabricated block. The vertical ecological revetment structure using the revetment block is shown in detail in fig. 9, and is described as follows:

set up L type concrete breast wall 8 at the dyke top, 8 below breastworks do the utility model discloses a gravity type structure that ecological type dysmorphism block is constituteed backfills digging soil stone 9 in the inboard storehouse check 6, and outside storehouse check 5 can carry out the subregion setting according to the position of height, low normal water level, and gravity type structure is located on riprap foundation bed 13. And backfilling block stones 14 behind the gravity type structure, paving a inverted filter layer 15 behind the block stones, then performing road and backfilling 16, and paving a land surface layer 17 from the rear of the breast wall 8 to the land.

The outside storehouse check subregion of ecological type dysmorphism block is arranged as follows:

1) Above a high water level, seawater is not usually poured into the tidal basin, so that the tidal basin is not suitable for attachment of marine organisms; but the vegetation is close to the land area, is influenced by rainfall and land drainage, is suitable for the growth of terrestrial vegetation, can be paved with planting soil and a planting mat and is assisted with local plant planting; meanwhile, in order to discharge redundant water and increase the air permeability of the planting soil, small holes can be reserved at the bottom of the block body.

2) The facing block between the high water level and the low water level can be submerged by seawater every day, so that conditions are provided for marine organisms to migrate into the tidal basin; can set up the breach at the block edge of facing the wave to control the water height of depositing in the tide pond, form the habitat that is favorable to attached to and survives of marine organism, be favorable to forming stable dyke body ecosystem.

3) Pebbles, stones, small fish reefs and the like can be placed in a shallow pool of the facing block body in an organism attachment area below a high water level, so that a more appropriate space for marine organism construction is formed. And the roughness of the front wall of the block body can be increased during prefabrication, so that the biological attachment is facilitated.

4) Under low water level, the water-saving fish shelter is located in an area submerged by seawater all the year round, the block bodies can simultaneously play a role of a small fish shelter, the bottom plate, the front wall and the side wall of the block bodies are perforated, water body exchange is increased, small circulation is formed, and the water-saving fish shelter is more suitable for the survival of marine organisms; meanwhile, the open pore structure has a certain wave dissipation function, and the protection effect of the revetment is favorably improved.

The specific formed dyke body effect is shown in detail in fig. 10.

The inboard storehouse check of structure block can change according to the condition of difference. For example: the water storage structure can be made into a solid block body (as shown in fig. 11 (a) and 11 (b)) for increasing the stability of the water storage structure, a partition plate can be added for increasing the rigidity of the structure, a transverse partition plate can be omitted for increasing the water storage area, and a bottom plate is added to form a whole body with the tide pond (as shown in fig. 12 (a) and 12 (b)).

Claims (4)

1. The ecological special-shaped block with the tidal basin is characterized by comprising a rear wall (1), a wave dissipation front wall (3), two side walls (2), a partition wall (22) and a bottom plate (4), wherein the rear wall (1), the wave dissipation front wall (3) and the two side walls (2) form a closed vertical wall, and the middle of the block is divided into two bin lattices, namely an outer bin lattice (5) and an inner bin lattice (6), through the partition wall (22); the outer side bin grids (5) are used as artificial tidal pools and are of special-shaped hollow square structures with bottoms, the bottom plate (4) is the bottom of the outer side bin grids (5), the wave-dissipating front wall (3) is used as a wave-facing surface, and different shapes or special shapes are set according to use requirements; the inner bin lattices (6) are hollow squares with or without bottoms or solid squares; when the inner bin lattices (6) are solid squares, the partition wall (22) is eliminated;

the outer sides of the two side walls (2) are respectively provided with a horizontal convex connector (20) and a horizontal concave connector (21), and the upper surface and the lower surface of each side wall (2) are respectively provided with a vertical convex connector (18) and a vertical concave connector (19) for connecting adjacent blocks.

2. The ecological special-shaped block with the tidal basin is characterized in that a plurality of openings (12) can be arranged on the bottom plate (4) and the wave-dissipating front wall (3) according to requirements to form a water flow channel.

3. The ecological special-shaped block with the tidal basin as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the ecological special-shaped block with the tidal basin is a precast concrete block.

4. The upright ecological revetment structure formed by the ecological special-shaped blocks with the tidal basin according to any of claims 1 to 3, wherein a plurality of ecological special-shaped blocks with the tidal basins are stacked in sequence in the vertical direction and are staggered in the horizontal direction; the inner bin lattices (6) of each ecological special-shaped block with the tidal basin are arranged on the land side and can be used for retaining soil, and the outer bin lattices (5) face the sea side and serve as artificial tidal basins and can dissipate waves and weak currents; the upper and lower blocks are connected through a vertical convex connector (18) and a vertical concave connector (19), and the left and right blocks are connected through a horizontal convex connector (20) and a horizontal concave connector (21); the outer bin lattices (5) place different ecological plants according to different requirements.

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