CN216897891U - Low-temperature storage system cooled by regenerative refrigerator coupled with direct current - Google Patents
Low-temperature storage system cooled by regenerative refrigerator coupled with direct current Download PDFInfo
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- CN216897891U CN216897891U CN202123033977.8U CN202123033977U CN216897891U CN 216897891 U CN216897891 U CN 216897891U CN 202123033977 U CN202123033977 U CN 202123033977U CN 216897891 U CN216897891 U CN 216897891U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a low-temperature storage system cooled by a regenerative refrigerator coupled with direct current, which comprises a regenerative refrigeration module and a low-temperature storage module; the regenerative refrigeration module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current circulation unit; the regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compressor device, a heat regenerator and a cold end heat exchanger which are connected in sequence; the direct current circulation unit comprises a dividing wall type heat exchange channel, direct current is led out of the heat regenerator from any position and led into the dividing wall type heat exchange channel, the heat leakage channel of the low-temperature storage module is directly or indirectly cooled, and then the direct current returns to the upper part of the heat regenerator, so that direct current circulation is completed. Compared with the prior art, the utility model can effectively reduce the heat leakage of the low-temperature storage module by utilizing the cold energy carried by the direct current, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the low-temperature storage system and improving the efficiency of the low-temperature storage system.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to the technical field of refrigeration, in particular to a low-temperature storage system cooled by a regenerative refrigerator coupled with direct current.
Background
The regenerative refrigerator is a refrigeration technology in an alternating flow form, realizes periodic heat storage and release between a gas working medium and regenerative filler by using a regenerator, and generates a refrigeration effect by using expansion of gas. The regenerator generally has a large specific surface area per unit volume, and the structural forms include a wire mesh, a pill filler, a gap type and the like. The regenerative low-temperature refrigerator has the advantages of high reliability, simple structure, high efficiency and the like, and is widely applied to low-temperature technologies such as gas liquefaction, superconducting cooling and the like.
The direct current is the air flow quality of forward flow and reverse flow of a certain section in a period is unequal, and the net mass flow rate flowing along one direction is generated. Direct current is also known as direct current circulating mass flow.
Cryogenic storage is a technique for maintaining a given material at a temperature well below room temperature, and storage is generally relatively quiescent, with the primary purpose of maintaining the material in a state that is low, high density, pure, etc. Cryogenic transport is a technique in which a certain material is transported in a certain channel at a temperature far below room temperature and a certain pressure, and the material generally moves relatively to the channel. The insulating structure for cryogenic transport is substantially the same as the insulating structure for the storage system. Cryogenic storage and transportation is important for storage and transportation of various cryogenic liquids such as liquid helium, liquid hydrogen, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and the like, and applications include storage of liquid helium in superconducting magnetic resonance systems (MRI), storage of liquid hydrogen in liquid hydrogen refueling stations, liquid hydrogen tanker and ship, and the like.
The structure for low-temperature storage generally comprises an inner container, an outer shell, an intermediate heat insulation structure, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline, a measurement signal channel and the like. The inner container is a structure in direct contact with low-temperature materials, the outer shell is a structure in direct contact with the external environment, the intermediate heat-insulating structure comprises low-heat-conduction stacking materials, a radiation screen, a cooling screen and the like according to different structural forms, and the supporting structure enables the inner container to be fixed at a certain position through certain force action. The material inlet and outlet pipeline is a channel for putting materials into the container and taking the materials out of the container, and a pipeline for auxiliary discharge, and comprises a neck pipe, an exhaust pipe, an inflation pressurization pipe and the like, and the measurement signal channel is a channel for measuring information such as temperature, pressure, liquid level and the like. The support structure, the material inlet and outlet pipeline and the measurement signal channel are generally connected with the inner container (or material) at low temperature and the external room temperature part, which causes heat loss. The radiation screens are low emissivity film materials, often aluminum foil or aluminum coated films, often with low thermal conductivity spacers between the multiple layers of radiation screens. Cooling screens, also known as steam cooling screens, or steam cooling radiation screens, are thin materials that receive a certain amount of cooling, making the intermediate radiation temperature lower, often using metal foils.
The forms of the intermediate heat insulating structure for low-temperature storage include non-vacuum general stack heat insulation, vacuum powder and fiber heat insulation, high vacuum heat insulation, vacuum multi-layer heat insulation, and the like. The heat conduction and convection heat transfer of gas between the inner container and the outer shell are greatly reduced through vacuum, and the radiation material with high reflectivity remarkably reduces the radiation heat transfer, so that the vacuum multilayer heat insulation has the best heat insulation effect, and the apparent heat conductivity is about 10 of the former three structures-4、10-2、10-2Magnitude. Vacuum multilayer insulation is therefore most widely used in current cryogenic storage.
The heat leakage channel is formed by temperature difference and transmits heat leakage to the inner container in three heat transfer modes of heat conduction, convection and radiation, and specifically comprises a cooling screen, a radiation screen, a stacked material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline, a measurement signal channel, a stacked material, a powder material, a fiber material and the like.
And a certain amount of radiation heat leakage still exists in the vacuum multi-layer heat insulation structure form, and the heat leakage is far higher than that calculated by an ideal radiation attenuation model through the heat conduction of multi-layer materials, the heat transfer of residual gas molecules and the heat conduction of related structures (supports, material inlet and outlet pipelines and measurement signal channels). In fact, the proportion of the heat flow entering the low-temperature heat-insulating gas cylinder through the supporting structure, the material inlet and outlet pipeline (including the neck pipe) and the measuring signal channel to the total heat flow is very large, and even reaches the size equivalent to the radiation heat leakage.
The vacuum multilayer heat insulation of the precooling cooling screen can absorb part of radiation heat leakage, heat conduction through multilayer materials, heat transfer of residual gas molecules and heat conduction of related structures, so that the total heat leakage quantity is reduced.
In the prior art, the refrigerating capacity (the temperature is recorded as T) of a refrigerating machine (conventionally, two stages) at a cold endc) The stock is then liquefied in a pre-cooling stage (temperature denoted as T)1) ColdBut cool the screen, and at the cold end temperature TcWith pre-cooling stage temperature T1And pre-cooling stage temperature T1No cold can be provided between room temperature, i.e. no cooling screen can be provided in those intervals, resulting in a limited pre-cooling effect.
For another form, in low-temperature storage without re-liquefaction of a refrigerator, steam is often used for cooling the cooling screen, and the temperature of the cooling screen is reduced by using the cold energy of sensible heat, so that the radiation heat leakage is reduced, and the evaporation rate is reduced. The specific form of cooling, for small sizes, is generally heat transfer through a neck tube; for large and medium sizes, the heat transfer between the cooling screens is generally performed by transporting steam through pipelines. However, the vapor after cooling the cold shield cannot be liquefied again, resulting in a loss of storage capacity.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a low-temperature storage system cooled by a coupled direct-current regenerative refrigerator, wherein a heat insulation structure is directly or indirectly cooled by cold energy in the form of sensible heat carried by direct current of the regenerative refrigerator, so that the temperature distribution of the heat insulation structure is changed, the temperature of a part at a low temperature is reduced, corresponding heat leakage is reduced, and the storage efficiency is improved.
The applicant believes that, in the development and conception of the technical solution, the patent publication No. CN112097422A discloses "a regenerative refrigerator high-efficiency liquefaction system using direct current", which has the advantage that the regenerative refrigerator draws direct current for precooling and liquefaction, but the patent does not relate to how to cool an insulating material by direct or indirect heat transfer and apply the insulating material to a cryogenic storage system.
The applicant further considers that the transport of cryogenic material, the conduit for transporting the material which moves the material with respect to the inner vessel for the majority of the time, generally employs a transfer line having some insulating structure. At present, a steam cooling screen is not adopted to enhance the heat insulation performance, so that heat leakage along a pipeline is large, and the re-liquefaction is generally not adopted by a refrigerator.
The purpose of the utility model can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the utility model aims to protect a low-temperature storage system cooled by a regenerative refrigerator coupled with direct current, which comprises a regenerative refrigeration module and a low-temperature storage module;
the regenerative refrigeration module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current circulation unit;
the regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compressor device, a heat regenerator and a cold end heat exchanger which are connected in sequence;
the direct current circulation unit comprises a dividing wall type heat exchange channel, direct current is led out of the heat regenerator from any position and led into the dividing wall type heat exchange channel, the heat leakage channel of the low-temperature storage module is directly or indirectly cooled, and then the direct current returns to the upper part of the heat regenerator, so that direct current circulation is completed.
A direct current control valve is arranged in the direct current circulation unit, and the direct current flow is controlled through the direct current control valve;
the cryogenic storage module includes a cold charge, a storage vessel inner vessel, and a storage vessel outer vessel. The device also comprises a cooling screen, a radiation screen, stacked materials, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline, a measurement signal channel and a cold carrying channel for exchanging heat with the cooling screen; the heat leakage channel comprises a cooling screen, a radiation screen, a stacking material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline and a measuring signal channel.
Further, the position of the direct current leading-out heat regenerator is the cold end of the heat regenerator, or any position between the cold end of the heat regenerator and the hot end of the heat regenerator;
the leading-out positions of the direct current are one or more, so that one direct current or a plurality of direct currents are formed, and the corresponding cold end heat exchanger comprises one of an internal gap structure, a plurality of internal gap structures, a dividing wall type heat exchanger and a plurality of dividing wall type heat exchangers;
the position of the direct current led into the heat regenerator from the dividing wall type heat exchange channel is the hot end of the heat regenerator or any position between the hot end of the heat regenerator and the cold end of the heat regenerator;
the dividing wall type heat exchange channel after the direct current is led out of the heat regenerator comprises a refrigerator internal gap structure, the direct current is led out of the heat regenerator in sequence and the dividing wall type heat exchanger behind the refrigerator pressure bearing container wall surface;
the internal clearance structure comprises a clearance formed by an expansion piston and a cylinder, a clearance formed by two or more layers of channels in a pressure-bearing pipe of the regenerator, and a clearance formed by two or more layers of channels in a pulse tube pressure-bearing pipe.
Furthermore, an expansion mechanism and a compression mechanism are also arranged in the direct current circulation unit, and the direct current is led out of the wall surfaces of the heat regenerator and the refrigerator pressure-bearing container in sequence and then is connected with the expansion mechanism;
the expansion mechanism is a single expansion mechanism or a combination of a plurality of expansion mechanisms;
the expansion mechanism is arranged on one strand of direct current or on a plurality of strands of direct currents respectively;
the position of the expansion mechanism on the direct current is any position from the cold end or the middle from the cold end to the hot end;
the compression mechanism comprises a single compression mechanism or a combination of multiple compression mechanisms;
the compression mechanism is arranged on one direct current or on a plurality of direct currents respectively.
Furthermore, the direct current is led out from the dividing wall type heat exchange channel and then led into the heat regenerator, or led into the low-voltage component and then led into the heat regenerator, or driven by the high-voltage component, so as to form a cycle;
the low-pressure component is a low-pressure pipeline or a low-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve;
the high-pressure component is a high-pressure pipeline or a high-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve.
Furthermore, the structure for transmitting the cold energy between the regenerative refrigerator and the low-temperature storage module is one of a pipeline type cooling medium transmission structure, a solid heat conduction structure and a series-parallel connection combined structure of pipeline transmission and solid heat conduction;
the pipeline in the pipeline type transmission cooling medium structure cools the low-temperature storage module, the cooling medium includes direct current that is directly drawn out in the regenerative refrigerator and cools, the gaseous supplies in the low-temperature storage module, secondary refrigerant;
after the direct current flows through the low-temperature storage module, the gas and the secondary refrigerant in the low-temperature storage module perform recuperative heat exchange through a recuperative heat exchanger or the outer surface of the recuperative refrigerator, are cooled to low temperature and are recycled.
Further, the coolant refers to a coolant having a different pressure or a different chemical composition from the gas in the regenerative refrigerator or the storage system, and includes gas, liquid, solid or a mixture of 2 or 3 thereof.
The dividing wall type heat exchange structure of the feeding and cylinder outer shell heat exchange assembly comprises a pipeline for heat exchange through heat conduction and a structure for heat convection with the dividing wall type heat exchange structure.
When the gas material and the secondary refrigerant are cooled in a flowing mode, pressurizing mechanisms such as a fan and a pump and flow control parts can be added.
The cooling mode of solid heat conduction is that a heat leakage channel such as a cooling screen, a radiation screen, a stacking material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline, a measuring signal channel and the like, a gap structure in the refrigerator and a dividing wall type heat exchanger after a heat regenerator and the wall surface of a refrigerator pressure-bearing container are led out in sequence by direct current.
Furthermore, the heat leakage channel is a direct-current cooling component and comprises one of a cooling screen, a radiation screen, a stacking material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline and a measuring signal channel. The direct current cooling components comprise a cooling screen, a stacking material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline, a measuring signal channel and the like, and the heat leakage channel is used as a heat load of the central low-temperature storage container. Wherein the cooling screen comprises one layer or a plurality of layers. The supporting structure, the material inlet and outlet pipeline and the measuring signal channel comprise one or more than one.
Furthermore, the cooling medium and the supporting structure, the material inlet and outlet pipeline and the measuring signal channel can flow in parallel to perform distributed cooling, and a plurality of heat exchange points can be arranged on the supporting member.
Further, the low-temperature storage system cooled by the coupled direct-current regenerative refrigerator is applicable to the thermal insulation structure forms of vacuum multi-layer thermal insulation, vacuum stack thermal insulation, common stack thermal insulation (non-vacuum) thermal insulation through three heat transfer modes of reduced heat conduction/convection/radiation, and composite thermal insulation forms of the above thermal insulation structure forms. Wherein the common stacking thermal insulation comprises foaming materials, filling materials, aerogel and the like, and the structural form of the stacking materials in the vacuum stacking thermal insulation and the common stacking thermal insulation comprises blocks, sheets, fibers, spheres, powder and the like.
For vacuum insulation, the cooling screen can be cooled, for vacuum accumulation insulation, common accumulation insulation, the accumulated heat insulation material can be cooled, partial radiation heat leakage and heat conduction of the absorption, heat transfer of residual gas molecules and heat conduction of related structures (support, material inlet and outlet pipelines and measuring signal channels) are absorbed, and therefore the total heat leakage quantity is reduced.
Further, the low-temperature storage module is a storage tank with materials basically immovable relative to the inner container and a pipeline for transporting the materials, wherein the materials move relative to the inner container.
Furthermore, the regenerative refrigerator unit is a refrigerator which adopts a regenerator component to realize alternating storage and release of heat, and comprises a mixed structure form in which one or more of a GM refrigerator, a Solvay refrigerator, a Stirling refrigerator, a VM refrigerator and a pulse tube refrigerator are coupled in multiple stages;
the pulse tube refrigerator is one of a GM type pulse tube refrigerator or a Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator.
Furthermore, the regenerative refrigeration module is of a built-in structure of a heat regenerator or an external structure of the heat regenerator;
in the built-in structure of the heat regenerator, the heat regenerator is built in the expansion piston;
in the external heat regenerator structure, the expansion piston and the heat regenerator are arranged in a split mode;
the regenerative refrigeration module comprises a single-stage structure and a multi-stage coupling structure, wherein the multi-stage coupling structure comprises a multi-stage thermal coupling structure, a multi-stage air coupling structure and a thermal coupling and air coupling mixed structure.
Further, the average working pressure in the regenerative refrigeration module is 0.1 to 3000 times the atmospheric pressure (0.01-300MPa), and the average working pressure in the low-temperature storage module is 0.01 to 3000 times the atmospheric pressure (0.001-300 MPa).
Further, the low-temperature storage material comprises gas, liquid or solid and a mixture of any two or three of gas, liquid and solid material phases. The low-temperature storage material comprises a pure material and a mixture consisting of a plurality of materials.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical advantages:
1) the utility model adopts the low-temperature storage system cooled by the direct-current coupled direct-current regenerative refrigerator, so that the direct current absorbs cold energy in the heat regenerator, and directly or indirectly reduces the heat leakage of the low-temperature storage module, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the low-temperature storage system and improving the efficiency of the low-temperature storage system.
2) The heat regenerator can absorb a certain amount of direct flow enthalpy flow, and particularly when the working medium is close to a critical temperature region, the COP of the actual heat regenerator is slightly reduced under the influence of direct flow within a certain range of direct flow.
3) The method for the low-temperature storage system of the coupled direct-current regenerative refrigerator cooling in the structural form can be suitable for small systems and large systems, is suitable for various working media such as liquid helium, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, liquefied methane and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the mechanism of a two-stage GM refrigerator cryogenic vapor reliquefaction system of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a refrigerating machine internal gap structure cooling liquid storage system using coolant circulation according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram of a DC cooled gas storage system coupling a JT throttle expansion mechanism and a Stirling refrigerator structure according to example 3 of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling liquid storage system employing an internal gap structure of a heat-conducting refrigerator according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The utility model is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments. In the technical scheme, the features such as component model, material name, connection structure, control method, algorithm and the like which are not explicitly described are all regarded as common technical features disclosed in the prior art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the cryogenic storage system cooled by the regenerative refrigerator using coupled direct current of the present embodiment includes a two-stage GM refrigerator module and a liquid storage module;
the two-stage GM refrigerator module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current external circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compression device 1, a compressor low-pressure air storage tank 2, a compressor cooler and filtering device 3, a compressor high-pressure air storage tank 4, a GM type compressor high-low pressure gas distribution valve 5, a refrigerator gas inlet channel 6, a refrigerator cylinder 7, a first-stage expansion piston 11, a first-stage regenerator 8, a first-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 9, a gap 10 between the first-stage expansion piston and the cylinder, a second-stage expansion piston 27, a second-stage regenerator 26, a first-stage cold end heat exchanger 12, a first-stage expansion cavity 13, a second-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 14, a gap 15 between the second-stage expansion piston and the cylinder, a second-stage cold end heat exchanger 16 and a second-stage expansion cavity 17.
The once-through external circulation unit includes a once-through 28, a recuperator 30, and a once-through control valve 20.
The liquid storage module comprises a low-temperature liquid 25, a storage container outer shell 50, a storage container inner container 51, a material inlet and outlet pipeline 52, a measurement signal channel 53, a cooling screen 54, a cold carrying channel 56 for exchanging heat between a multi-layer aluminized film 55 and the cooling screen, a supporting structure 57, a steam booster fan 22, steam 23, a dividing wall type heat exchanger 30 and a cold end heat exchange assembly 24.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
and (5) completing system installation according to the flow, and filling the working gas working medium at the working pressure. The compressor 1 is operated firstly, the refrigerating machine begins to cool, when the temperature of the heat regenerator cold end heat exchanger 16 is reduced to be lower than the liquefaction temperature of the working medium, the opening degree of the direct current control valve 20 is adjusted, the steam booster fan 22 is started, and the direct current flow and the steam gas circulation flow are controlled. Due to heat leakage, the cryogenic liquid 25 evaporates, vapor enters the cold carrying channel 56 which exchanges heat with the cooling screen, and the cold carrying channel 56 is thermally connected with the cooling screen 54, the material inlet and outlet pipe 52, the measurement signal channel 53 and the support structure 57, so that heat conduction and radiation heat leakage are absorbed by sensible heat of the vapor. The cold carrying channel 56 is coiled on the two layers of cooling screens 54, the temperature of the vapor gradually increases from the inner layer to the outer layer until the temperature approaches the room temperature, the vapor enters the dividing wall type heat exchanger 30 after being pressurized by the vapor booster fan 22, is gradually cooled by the direct current 28, is further liquefied by the cold end heat exchange assembly 24, returns to the inner container 51, and becomes a part of the cryogenic liquid 25.
When the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating machine is larger than the low-temperature storage heat leakage amount, the refrigerating machine can be started and stopped intermittently until a stable reliquefaction rate is obtained, and the pressure in the liquid storage module is maintained.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the structure of the internal gap structure of the refrigerating machine adopting coolant circulation in the embodiment is a schematic diagram of a cooling liquid storage system; comprises a two-stage GM refrigerator module and a liquid storage module;
the two-stage GM refrigerator module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct-current internal circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compression device 1, a compressor low-pressure air storage tank 2, a compressor cooler and filtering device 3, a compressor high-pressure air storage tank 4, a GM type compressor high-low pressure gas distribution valve 5, a refrigerator gas inlet channel 6, a refrigerator cylinder 7, a first-stage expansion piston 11, a first-stage regenerator 8, a first-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 9, a gap 10 between the first-stage expansion piston and the cylinder, a second-stage expansion piston 27, a second-stage regenerator 26, a first-stage cold end heat exchanger 12, a first-stage expansion cavity 13, a second-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 14, a gap 15 between the second-stage expansion piston and the cylinder, a second-stage cold end heat exchanger 16 and a second-stage expansion cavity 17. The dc internal circulation unit includes a dc 28, an inter-stage dc link 18, a first stage to warm end dc link 19, a dc control valve 20.
The liquid storage module comprises a liquid storage unit and a secondary refrigerant circulating unit. The device specifically comprises a low-temperature liquid 25, a storage container outer shell 50, a storage container inner container 51, a material inlet and outlet pipeline 52, a measurement signal channel 53, a cooling screen 54, a cold carrying channel 56 for heat exchange of the cooling screen, a supporting structure 57, a secondary refrigerant booster fan 22, an air cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 23 and a cold end heat exchange assembly 24.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
and (5) completing system installation according to the flow, and filling the working gas working medium at the working pressure. The compressor 1 is operated firstly, the refrigerating machine begins to cool, when the temperature of the heat regenerator cold end heat exchanger 16 is reduced to be lower than the liquefaction temperature of the working medium, the opening degree of the direct current control valve 20 is adjusted, and the direct current flow is controlled. The cryogenic liquid 25 has a tendency to increase in temperature due to heat leakage. The coolant booster fan 22 is started to control the circulation flow of the coolant, so that the coolant enters the coolant channel 56 for heat exchange with the cooling panel, and the coolant channel 56 is thermally connected with the cooling panel 54, the material inlet/outlet pipeline 52, the measurement signal channel 53 and the support structure 57, so as to absorb the heat conduction and radiation heat leakage through the heat capacity of the coolant. The cold carrying channel 56 is coiled on the two layers of cooling screens 54, the temperature of the secondary refrigerant is gradually increased from the inner layer to the outer layer until the temperature is close to the room temperature, the secondary refrigerant enters the cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 23 after being pressurized by the booster fan 22, is gradually cooled by the direct current 28, is further cooled by the cold end heat exchange assembly 24, and cools the low-temperature liquid 25 in the inner container 51.
When the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating machine is larger than the low-temperature storage heat leakage quantity, the refrigerating machine can be started and stopped intermittently until stable temperature or reliquefaction rate (for volatile cold materials) is obtained, and the pressure in the liquid storage module is maintained.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic configuration of a dc cooled gas storage system coupling a JT throttle expansion mechanism and a stirling cooler structure of example 3; the system comprises a single-stage Stirling refrigerator module, an expansion and compression module and a gas storage module;
the single-stage Stirling refrigerator module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct-current external circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a piston type compression device 1, a compressor cooler 3, a refrigerator air inlet channel 6, a refrigerator air cylinder 7, a first-stage expansion piston 11, a first-stage regenerative heater 8, a first-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 9, a gap 10 between the first-stage expansion piston and the air cylinder, a first-stage cold end heat exchanger 12 and a first-stage expansion cavity 13. The dc external circulation unit includes a dc 28, a dc control valve 20, and a dc control valve 59.
The expansion and compression module includes an expansion mechanism 29 and a low pressure buffer reservoir 31, a compression mechanism 32, a compression mechanism cooler and a filter device 33.
The gas storage module comprises cryogenic gas 25, a storage vessel outer shell 50, a storage vessel inner container 51, a material inlet and outlet pipe 52, a measurement signal channel 53, a cooling screen 54, vacuum accumulation material 55, a cooling screen heat exchange direct flow channel 56, a support structure 57, a neck heat exchange direct flow channel 58, and a cold end heat exchange assembly 24.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
and (5) completing system installation according to the flow, and filling the working gas working medium at the working pressure. The resistance working condition of the expansion mechanism 29 is preset under the room temperature condition, the compressor 1 is operated firstly, the refrigerating machine starts to cool, when the temperature of the heat regenerator cold end heat exchanger 16 is reduced to the gas set temperature, the direct current is reduced in pressure through the expansion mechanism 29 and then divided into two paths, the opening degrees of the direct current control valve 20 and the direct current control valve 59 are respectively adjusted, and the circulating flow rates of the two paths of direct current gas are respectively controlled.
One of the direct-current gases enters a direct-current channel 56 for exchanging heat with the cooling screen, and is thermally connected with the cooling screen 54 and the supporting structure 57, so that heat conduction and radiation heat leakage are absorbed through direct-current heat capacity. The direct flow path 56 is coiled around the single layer cooling screen 54 and the temperature of the direct flow is gradually increased as the cooling screen is cooled.
The other path of direct-flow gas enters a direct-flow channel 58 for heat exchange with the neck pipe, the direct-flow channel 58 is in thermal connection with the cooling material inlet and outlet pipeline 52 and the measurement signal channel 53, heat conduction and heat leakage are absorbed through direct-flow heat capacity, and the temperature of the direct-flow gas gradually rises in the cooling process until the temperature is close to the room temperature.
After the two direct currents are cooled, the two direct currents are combined, the compression mechanism 32 is started, and the direct currents are compressed to the original low-pressure cavity pressure to form stable circulation. The associated buffer reservoir 31 is stabilized at a low pressure, and the compression mechanism cooler and filter device 33 discharges the compression heat and filters and adsorbs impurities.
When the refrigerating capacity and the direct current capacity of the refrigerating machine are larger than the low-temperature storage heat leakage quantity, the refrigerating machine can be started and stopped intermittently until stable temperature is obtained, and the pressure in the gas storage module is maintained.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 4, a schematic structural diagram of a cooling liquid storage system using an internal gap structure of a heat-conducting refrigerator according to the present embodiment; comprises a two-stage GM refrigerator module and a liquid storage module;
the two-stage GM refrigerator module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct-current internal circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compression device 1, a compressor low-pressure air storage tank 2, a compressor cooler and filtering device 3, a compressor high-pressure air storage tank 4, a GM type compressor high-low pressure gas distribution valve 5, a refrigerator gas inlet channel 6, a refrigerator cylinder 7, a first-stage expansion piston 11, a first-stage regenerator 8, a first-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 9, a gap 10 between the first-stage expansion piston and the cylinder, a second-stage expansion piston 27, a second-stage regenerator 26, a first-stage cold end heat exchanger 12, a first-stage expansion cavity 13, a second-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 14, a gap 15 between the second-stage expansion piston and the cylinder, a second-stage cold end heat exchanger 16 and a second-stage expansion cavity 17. The dc internal circulation unit includes a dc 28, an inter-stage dc link 18, a first stage to warm end dc link 19, a dc control valve 20.
The liquid storage module specifically comprises a cryogenic liquid 25, a storage container outer shell 50, a storage container inner container 51, a material inlet and outlet pipe 52, a cooling screen 54, a support structure 57, a heat conducting mechanism 58 and a cold end heat exchange assembly 24.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
the system installation is completed according to the flow, the gas working medium with working pressure is filled, and the heat leakage channels such as the outer wall of the cylinder 7 of the refrigerator, the cooling screen 54, the material inlet and outlet pipeline 52, the supporting structure 57 and the like are connected through a plurality of heat conducting mechanisms 58. The compressor 1 is operated firstly, the refrigerator begins to cool, when the temperature of the cold end heat exchanger 16 of the heat regenerator is reduced to be lower than the set temperature of the working medium, the opening degree of the direct current control valve 20 is adjusted, and the direct current flow is controlled.
The cold energy of the direct current 28 in the gap is transmitted to the cooling screen 54, the material inlet and outlet pipe 52 and the supporting structure 57 through a plurality of heat conduction mechanisms 58, and the heat conduction and radiation leakage heat is finally absorbed through the heat capacity of the direct current 28. The temperature of the three-layer cooling screen 54 gradually increases from the inner layer to the outer layer. The cold end heat exchange assembly 24 and the low-temperature liquid 25 exchange heat in a convection or heat conduction mode, and cooling or reliquefaction is achieved.
When the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerating machine is larger than the low-temperature storage heat leakage quantity, the refrigerating machine can be started and stopped intermittently until stable temperature or reliquefaction rate is obtained, and the pressure in the liquid storage module is maintained.
The embodiments described above are intended to facilitate the understanding and use of the utility model by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A low-temperature storage system cooled by a regenerative refrigerator coupled with direct current is characterized by comprising a regenerative refrigeration module and a low-temperature storage module;
the regenerative refrigeration module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current circulation unit;
the regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compressor device (1), a heat regenerator and a cold end heat exchanger (12) which are connected in sequence;
the direct current circulation unit comprises a dividing wall type heat exchange channel, wherein direct current (28) is led out of the heat regenerator from any position, is led into the dividing wall type heat exchange channel, directly or indirectly cools a heat leakage channel of the low-temperature storage module, and then returns to the upper part of the heat regenerator, so that direct current circulation is completed;
a direct current control valve (20) is arranged in the direct current circulation unit, and the direct current flow is controlled through the direct current control valve (20);
the low-temperature storage module comprises a cold material (21), a storage container inner container and a storage container outer shell;
the low-temperature storage module further comprises a cooling screen and a cold-carrying channel structure exchanging heat with the cooling screen.
2. A cryogenic storage system cooled by a regenerative refrigerator coupled with dc according to claim 1, wherein the location where the dc (28) exits the regenerator is the cold end of the regenerator, or any location between the cold end of the regenerator and the hot end of the regenerator;
the outlet positions of the straight flow (28) are one or more, so that one straight flow or a plurality of straight flows are formed, and the corresponding cold end heat exchanger (12) comprises one of an internal gap structure, a plurality of internal gap structures, a dividing wall type heat exchanger and a plurality of dividing wall type heat exchangers.
3. A dc-coupled cryogenic storage system cooled by a regenerative refrigerator according to claim 2 wherein the location at which the dc current (28) is introduced into the regenerator from the recuperative heat channel is at the hot end of the regenerator or anywhere between the hot end of the regenerator and the cold end of the regenerator;
the dividing wall type heat exchange channel after the direct current (28) is led out of the heat regenerator comprises a refrigerator internal gap structure, and the dividing wall type heat exchanger after the direct current is led out of the heat regenerator and the wall surface of a refrigerator pressure-bearing container in sequence;
the internal clearance structure comprises a clearance formed by an expansion piston and a cylinder, a clearance formed by two or more layers of channels in a pressure-bearing pipe of the regenerator, and a clearance formed by two or more layers of channels in a pulse tube pressure-bearing pipe.
4. The cryo-storage system cooled by a direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein an expansion mechanism and a compression mechanism are further provided in the direct-current circulation unit, and the direct current (28) is led out of the regenerator and the wall surface of the refrigerator pressure-bearing container in sequence and then connected with the expansion mechanism.
5. A direct current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system according to claim 4 wherein said expansion mechanism is a single expansion mechanism or a combination of expansion mechanisms;
the expansion mechanism is arranged on one strand of direct current or on a plurality of strands of direct currents respectively;
the position of the expansion mechanism on the direct current is any position from the cold end or the middle from the cold end to the hot end;
the compression mechanism comprises a single compression mechanism or a combination of multiple compression mechanisms;
the compression mechanism is arranged on one direct current or on a plurality of direct currents respectively.
6. A direct current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system according to claim 1 wherein the direct current (28) is directed into the regenerator after being directed out of the recuperative heat channel, or into the low voltage component and then into the regenerator, or is driven by the high voltage component, thereby forming a cycle;
the low-pressure component is a low-pressure pipeline or a low-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve;
the high-pressure component is a high-pressure pipeline or a high-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve.
7. The direct-current coupled cryogenic storage system cooled by the regenerative refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the structure for transferring cold from the regenerative refrigerator to the cryogenic storage module is one of a pipe-type structure for transferring a cooling medium, a solid heat conducting structure, and a series-parallel combination structure of pipe transfer and solid heat conduction.
8. The direct current coupled cryogenic storage system cooled by the regenerative refrigerator according to claim 7, wherein the pipeline in the pipeline-type structure for transporting cooling medium is capable of cooling the cryogenic storage module, and the cooling medium includes direct current directly extracted from the regenerative refrigerator for cooling, and gas materials and coolant in the cryogenic storage module;
after the direct current (28) flows through the low-temperature storage module, the gas and the secondary refrigerant in the low-temperature storage module perform recuperation heat exchange through a recuperation type heat exchanger outside the recuperation type refrigerator or the outer surface of the recuperation type refrigerator, are cooled to low temperature and are recycled.
9. The direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system of claim 1, wherein the regenerative refrigerator unit is a refrigerator that uses a regenerator component to achieve alternating storage and release of heat, and comprises a hybrid configuration of multi-stage coupling of one or more of a GM refrigerator, a solvay refrigerator, a stirling refrigerator, a VM refrigerator, and a pulse tube refrigerator;
the pulse tube refrigerator is one of a GM type pulse tube refrigerator or a Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator.
10. The direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system of claim 1, wherein the regenerative refrigeration module is a regenerator internal structure or a regenerator external structure;
in the built-in structure of the heat regenerator, the heat regenerator is arranged in the expansion piston;
in the external heat regenerator structure, the expansion piston and the heat regenerator are arranged in a split mode;
the regenerative refrigeration module is of a single-stage structure or a multi-stage coupling structure, and the multi-stage coupling structure is one of a multi-stage thermal coupling structure, a multi-stage air coupling structure and a thermal coupling and air coupling mixed structure.
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| CN114322349B (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2024-05-31 | 同济大学 | Direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system |
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