CN113803905B - Efficient precooling and liquefying system of gap type refrigerator - Google Patents

Efficient precooling and liquefying system of gap type refrigerator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113803905B
CN113803905B CN202111092798.3A CN202111092798A CN113803905B CN 113803905 B CN113803905 B CN 113803905B CN 202111092798 A CN202111092798 A CN 202111092798A CN 113803905 B CN113803905 B CN 113803905B
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refrigerator
precooling
direct current
liquefying
regenerator
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CN113803905A (en
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曹强
李芃
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Tongji University
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Tongji University
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/0007—Helium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/06—Superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0005—Light or noble gases
    • F25J1/001—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0225—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/90—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration
    • F25J2270/908—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration
    • F25J2270/91—External refrigeration, e.g. conventional closed-loop mechanical refrigeration unit using Freon or NH3, unspecified external refrigeration by regenerative chillers, i.e. oscillating or dynamic systems, e.g. Stirling refrigerator, thermoelectric ("Peltier") or magnetic refrigeration using pulse tube refrigeration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/34—Details about subcooling of liquids

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a high-efficiency precooling and liquefying system of a gap refrigerator, which comprises a regenerative refrigeration module and a precooling and liquefying module; the regenerative refrigeration module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current internal circulation unit; the regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compressor device, a heat regenerator, a cold end heat exchanger, an expansion piston and an internal gap structure which are connected in sequence; the direct current is led into an internal gap structure from a specific position, the material to be precooled is precooled at the position of the heat exchange assembly of the inlet and the outer wall of the cylinder, and the material enters the cold material collecting assembly. Materials in the liquefaction system enter a cold end heat exchange pipeline to be liquefied after precooling, and enter a liquid collecting assembly. Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively reduce the thermal resistance by leading out the direct current which exchanges heat with the back-heated internal alternating flow and performing dividing wall type heat exchange with the material to be precooled through the cylinder wall, thereby improving the precooling and liquefying efficiency.

Description

Efficient precooling and liquefying system of gap type refrigerator
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration, in particular to a precooling and liquefying system of a regenerative refrigerator.
Background
The regenerative refrigerator is a refrigeration technology in an alternating flow mode, the regenerator is used for realizing periodic heat storage and release between a gas working medium and a regenerative filler, and the refrigeration effect is generated by using expansion of gas. The regenerator generally has a large specific surface area per unit volume, and the structural forms include a wire mesh, a pill-shaped filler, a gap type and the like.
Direct current is the flow of air whose mass is unequal to that of the forward flow and the reverse flow of a certain section in a period, and the net mass flow in one direction occurs. Direct current is also called direct current circulating mass flow.
The gap is a space formed near the wall surface of the pressure-bearing container, and is generally an annular structure, and the radial length is small relative to the diameter. The pressure-bearing container is internally provided with working pressure of working medium, the outside is ambient pressure or vacuum, and comprises a cylinder in an expansion piston type structure and a pressure-bearing pipe in a pulse tube refrigerator.
The regenerative cryorefrigerator has the advantages of high reliability, simple structure, high efficiency and the like, and is widely applied to low-temperature technologies such as gas liquefaction, superconducting cooling and the like.
The ideal regenerative cryocooler does not have direct current in operation. With the introduction of the bidirectional air inlet structure in the pulse tube refrigerator, a closed loop is formed by the bidirectional air inlet valve, the heat regenerator and the pulse tube. This circuit induces a dc flow, which is also known as Gedeon dc, since it was originally formally proposed by Gedeon and theoretically demonstrated. A series of theories and experiments show that the direct current with certain flow has the potential of improving the refrigerating performance of the pulse tube refrigerator. In 1997 Chen Guobang et al introduced a direct current into a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator, which reduced the temperature in the middle of the pulse tube, reduced the losses and improved the refrigeration efficiency. In 1998, wang Chao found that a certain direct current can significantly improve the refrigeration performance of GM refrigerator by combining numerical simulation and experiment, and proved that the liquefaction efficiency can be improved by coiling helium to be liquefied outside the regenerator of pulse tube refrigerator.
In 2019, cao Jiang proposed that the actual gas loss is reduced by introducing direct current into the regenerator of refrigeration cycle, and on the basis of thermodynamic analysis, a working mechanism of adding direct current into the regenerator with obvious actual gas effect is disclosed, and a theoretical expression of the direct current in the regenerator and a theoretical value of the COP of the regenerator after adding direct current are obtained. The results show that the direct current regenerator can significantly improve COP.
Cryogenic gas liquefaction is an important industrial application of cryogenic engineering, and a great deal of demands are made on working media such as air, natural gas, hydrogen, helium and the like in industry. The improvement of the liquefaction efficiency can obviously reduce the equipment cost and the energy consumption.
Cryogenic gaseous storage is also an important application in industry, especially for hydrogen with very low liquefaction temperatures. At present, a scheme of filling pressure reaching 30MPa and operating temperature reaching 33K to room temperature exists in a hydrogen energy automobile. There is also a great cooling demand for the corresponding gaseous pre-cooling.
The precooling of the low-temperature liquid comprises obtaining low-temperature liquid such as low-temperature ethanol and the like, and realizing a thermostat or cooling function. The pre-cooling of the low temperature solids includes cold accumulators for storing cold and the like.
The regenerative refrigerator adopting the expansion piston has high efficiency and is widely applied to small and medium-sized precooling and liquefying systems. The pre-cooling flow channel is coiled or convected at the outer side of the wall of the heat regenerator at present, so that the heat exchange thermal resistance is large. And as the cooling capacity increases, the structural size of the heat regenerator becomes larger, and the radial thermal resistance is also increased. These result in low pre-cooling and liquefaction efficiency and high pre-cooling and liquefaction costs per unit volume.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a high-efficiency precooling and liquefying system of a gap type refrigerator, which adopts a direct-current regenerative refrigerator to efficiently precool and liquefy, and the gap formed by an expansion piston gap or an increased channel is communicated with the cold end and the hot end of a heat regenerator to form stable direct-current circulation, so that the direct-current circulation absorbs cold energy in the heat regenerator and flows through the gap, and the precooled material is precooled through heat exchange between a cylinder wall and a precooling and liquefying module and then returns to the hot end of the heat regenerator to complete circulation.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
The application aims to protect a high-efficiency precooling and liquefying system of a gap type refrigerator, which comprises a regenerative refrigerating module and a liquefying module;
the regenerative refrigeration module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current internal circulation unit;
The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compressor device, a heat regenerator, a cold end heat exchanger, an expansion piston and an internal gap structure which are connected in sequence; for pulse tube refrigerator, there is no expansion piston and internal gap structure, and after passing through cold end heat exchanger, pulse tube hot end heat exchanger and phase modulation mechanism are connected in turn.
The direct current internal circulation unit is as follows: introducing direct current into an internal gap structure from a specific position, performing dividing wall type heat exchange between the direct current and a material to be precooled through a cylinder wall through a gap, precooling the material to be precooled by utilizing the cold quantity in a heat regenerator carried by the direct current, and then returning the material to the heat regenerator to complete the internal circulation of the direct current, and controlling the circulation flow through a direct current control valve;
The pre-cooling and liquefying module comprises a source, a feeding control mechanism, a feeding and cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly, a cold end heat exchange pipeline and a cold material collecting assembly which are sequentially communicated, wherein the source is internally pre-cooled at the feeding and cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly and enters the cold material collecting assembly. The liquefying module also comprises a device for liquefying the materials in the cold end heat exchange pipeline.
Further, the internal gap structure comprises a gap formed by the expansion piston and the cylinder, a gap formed by the multi-layer channels in the pressure-bearing pipe of the heat regenerator and a gap formed by the multi-layer channels in the pulse pipe pressure-bearing pipe. Multilayer refers to two, three or more layers.
The locations where the internal gap structure is formed by the multiple layers of channels include the regenerator portion and the pulse tube portion, or both.
Further, the position of the direct current introduced into the internal gap structure is the cold end of the heat regenerator or any position between the cold end of the heat regenerator and the hot end of the heat regenerator;
The position where the direct current is led out from the internal gap structure comprises the hot end of the heat regenerator and any position between the hot end of the heat regenerator and the cold end of the heat regenerator. The temperature of the DC outlet position is higher than that of the DC inlet position.
Further, the direct current can be directly led into the heat regenerator after being led out from the internal gap structure, or led into the heat regenerator after being led into the low-voltage assembly, or driven by the high-voltage assembly, so as to form circulation;
The low-pressure component is a low-pressure pipeline of a valved compressor (GM type) or a low-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve in a valveless compressor (Stirling type); the low-pressure pipeline is a structure comprising a low-pressure gas distribution pipe, a low-pressure gas storage tank and the like before compression; the low-pressure cavity formed by the check valve comprises a low-pressure air reservoir and a low-pressure check valve, wherein the low-pressure air reservoir and the low-pressure check valve are arranged along the direct-current moving direction, and the low-pressure air reservoir is arranged at the downstream of the direct-current control valve.
The high-pressure component is a high-pressure pipeline of a valved compressor (GM type) or a high-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve in a valveless compressor (Stirling type) and the valved compressor. The pipeline to be compressed is a compressed high-pressure gas distribution pipe, a low-pressure gas storage tank and other structures;
Further, the regenerative refrigerator unit is: jifford-Maxwell (Gifford-Mcmahon, GM) refrigerators, sorve (Solvey) refrigerators, stirling refrigerators, willerian (Vurlleumier, VM) refrigerators, and pulse tube refrigerators without an expansion piston mechanism, may be of a hybrid construction in which the above constructions are multi-stage coupled. The pulse tube refrigerator comprises a GM pulse tube refrigerator and a Stirling pulse tube refrigerator.
Pulse tube refrigerators may form internal gap structures by forming multiple layers of channels in the regenerator section or pulse tube section. A refrigerator with an expansion piston mechanism may also have a multi-layered channel formed in the gap structure of the regenerator section.
Further, the pulse tube refrigeration module further comprises a cold end connecting tube, a pulse tube cold end heat exchanger, a pulse tube hot end heat exchanger and a phase modulation mechanism which are connected in sequence, wherein the cold end connecting tube is led out by the cold end heat exchanger.
Further, the regenerative refrigeration module is of a heat regenerator built-in structure or a heat regenerator external structure;
in the built-in structure of the heat regenerator, the heat regenerator is built in the expansion piston and moves along with the expansion piston;
In the external structure of the heat regenerator, the expansion piston and the heat regenerator are arranged in a split type, and the heat regenerator is generally motionless and the expansion piston moves;
the regenerative refrigeration module comprises a single-stage structure and a multi-stage coupling structure, wherein the multi-stage coupling structure comprises a multi-stage thermal coupling structure, a multi-stage gas coupling structure and a thermal coupling and gas coupling mixed structure. The multi-stage structure can realize lower refrigeration temperature and provide refrigeration capacity of a plurality of temperature areas. The multiple stages include two stages and more.
Further, the feed and cylinder outer wall heat exchanger assembly may be configured to include a feed conduit thermally conductive to the cylinder wall, such as a feed tube tray in thermal contact with the cylinder wall and a feed and cylinder wall heat convection arrangement.
Further, the feed control mechanism is a pressure control valve, capillary, nozzle, or porous media forming a resistance element.
Further, the average working pressure in the regenerative cooling module is generally greater than 1 time of the atmospheric pressure, and is 1-500 times of the atmospheric pressure (i.e. 0.1-50 MPa), and the working pressure of the pre-cooling and liquefying module is generally different from the pressure in the regenerative cooling module, usually close to the atmospheric pressure, but can achieve high pressure in the high-pressure low-temperature gas storage system, so that the working pressure can comprise 0.01-2000 times of the atmospheric pressure (i.e. 0.001-200 MPa).
Further, the pre-cooling and liquefying module comprises a pre-cooling function, a liquefying function and a combination of the pre-cooling function and the liquefying function, wherein the liquefying amount of the material to be pre-cooled accounts for 0% -100% of the total amount of the material to be pre-cooled.
The material to be precooled comprises gas, liquid or solid and the mixture of any two or three of gaseous, liquid and solid material phases.
The material to be precooled comprises a mixture of pure substances and various substances.
Further, the direct current internal circulation unit of the regenerative refrigeration module comprises a single-path direct current and multiple-path direct current led out from the refrigerator. For example, in the structure that the heat regenerator and the expansion piston are placed in parallel, two paths of direct currents can be formed at the heat regenerator and the expansion piston respectively, in the pulse tube refrigerator, two paths of direct currents can be formed through the heat regenerator and the pulse tube respectively, and multiple paths of direct currents can be formed according to the temperature section; the position of the pre-cooling and liquefying module for dividing wall type heat exchange through the cylinder wall comprises a single position and a plurality of positions, for example, two heat exchanges can be formed at the position of a heat regenerator cylinder and the position of an expansion piston cylinder in a structure in which the heat regenerator and the expansion piston are arranged in parallel, two heat exchanges can be respectively formed in a pulse tube refrigerator through the heat regenerator and a pulse tube, and working mediums to be pre-cooled and liquefied at the plurality of positions are the same working medium or a plurality of different working mediums.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
1) The invention adopts the high-efficiency precooling and liquefying system of the direct-current backheating refrigerator, so that the direct current absorbs cold energy in the regenerator, flows through the gap of the expansion piston, exchanges heat with the precooling and liquefying module through the cylinder wall, precools the material to be precooled, and returns to the hot end of the regenerator to complete circulation. The traditional refrigerator is precooled through the outer wall of the heat regenerator, and because an air gap exists between the heat regenerator and the air cylinder, the heat exchange between the material to be precooled and the heat regenerator has large air gap thermal resistance. As the amount of cooling increases, the regenerator structure size increases and the radial thermal resistance increases. The led direct current is closely contacted with the backheating filler and the alternating current, so that almost no heat exchange temperature difference is realized, and the thermal resistance can be effectively reduced.
2) The heat regenerator can absorb the enthalpy flow of a certain amount of direct current, and the increase of the enthalpy flow of the cold end caused by the direct current with proper size is far smaller than the total enthalpy flow absorbed by the heat regenerator, so that the direct current is led out for full use, and the pre-cooling and liquefying capacity of the refrigerator can be improved. In particular, in the region of the working medium approaching the critical temperature, there is a maximum allowable direct flow due to the actual gas effect, in which the COP of the actual regenerator drops very little under the influence of the direct flow.
3) The low-temperature liquid generated by the high-efficiency precooling and liquefying system of the direct-current regenerative refrigerator can be used as a constant-temperature cold source, and the low-temperature requirement of stable constant temperature is met.
4) The small low-temperature refrigerator with the structural form can obviously improve the liquefaction efficiency, has smaller equipment and is movable, can be used for liquefying gases with lower liquefaction temperatures such as helium, hydrogen, nitrogen, methane and the like, and promotes the large-scale application of the precooling and liquefying device of the movable small refrigerator.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high-efficiency liquefaction system of a two-stage GM refrigerator according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a high efficiency precooling system employing a single stage stirling cooler in example 2.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the efficient precooling and liquefying system of the embodiment 3 using a two-stage stirling pulse tube refrigerator.
In fig. 1: 1. a compression device; 2. a compressor low pressure air storage tank; 3. a compressor cooler and a filter device; 4. a compressor high pressure air storage tank; 5. high-low pressure distributing valve of GM type compressor; 6. an air inlet channel of the refrigerator; 7. a refrigerator cylinder; 8. a first stage regenerator; 9. a first stage expansion piston seal mechanism; 10. a gap between the first stage expansion piston and the cylinder; 11. a first stage expansion piston; 12. a first stage cold end heat exchanger; 13. a first stage expansion chamber; 14. a second stage expansion piston seal mechanism; 15. a gap between the second stage expansion piston and the cylinder; 16. a second stage cold end heat exchanger; 17. a second stage expansion chamber; 28. a direct current; 18. an inter-stage direct current connection channel; 19. the first stage is connected with the hot end direct current channel; 20. a direct current control valve; 21. a source; 22. a feed control mechanism; 23. the heat exchange component is arranged on the outer wall of the cylinder; 24. a cold end heat exchange assembly; 25. a material collection assembly to be precooled; 26. a second stage regenerator; 27. a second stage expansion piston.
Detailed Description
The gap type refrigerator high-efficiency precooling and liquefying system in the embodiment comprises a regenerative refrigeration module and a precooling and liquefying module;
The regenerative refrigeration module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current internal circulation unit; the regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compressor device 1, a regenerator, a cold end heat exchanger 12, an expansion piston and an internal gap structure which are connected in sequence;
The direct current internal circulation unit is: the direct current 28 is led into an internal gap structure from a specific position, precools the material to be precooled by utilizing the cold energy in the heat regenerator, and then returns to the heat regenerator through the compressor 1 to complete the direct current internal circulation, and the circulation flow is controlled through the direct current control valve 20. And the direct current circulating pipeline is also provided with a direct current internal circulation control component. The internal gap structure comprises a gap formed by the expansion piston and the cylinder and a gap formed by multiple layers of channels in the pressure-bearing pipe of the heat regenerator or the pulse tube.
The precooling and liquefying module comprises a source 21, a feeding control mechanism 22, a feeding and cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 23, a cold end heat exchange pipeline 24 and a material to be precooled collecting assembly 25 which are sequentially communicated, wherein materials in the source 21 are precooled at the feeding and cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 23 and enter the cold material collecting assembly 25. The gas is liquefied in cold side heat exchange line 24 and then enters cold material collection assembly 25.
The position where the direct current 28 is introduced into the internal gap structure is the regenerator cold end, or any position between the regenerator cold end and the regenerator hot end. The position where the direct current 28 is led out from the internal gap structure comprises the hot end of the regenerator and any position between the hot end of the regenerator and the cold end of the regenerator. In specific implementation, the direct current 28 can be directly led into the regenerator after being led out from the internal gap structure, or led into the regenerator after being led into the low-voltage assembly, or driven by the high-voltage assembly; the low-pressure component is a low-pressure pipeline or a low-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve; the high-pressure component is a high-pressure pipeline or a high-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve.
As an alternative implementation manner in the embodiment, the source comprises a source at a higher temperature and a gas evaporated in the cold material collecting assembly, and a combination of the source at the higher temperature and the gas evaporated, when the gas evaporated in the cold material collecting assembly is used as the source, the cold material collecting assembly is connected with the heat exchange assembly on the outer wall of the cylinder, a certain amount of low-temperature liquid is preloaded in the cold material collecting assembly, when the liquid in the cold material collecting assembly absorbs heat and is gasified, the liquid is liquefied again by the low-temperature refrigerator, and the cold material collecting assembly can be modified into a constant-temperature cold source as long as the cooling power is lower than the liquefying power. This embodiment is intended to compensate for external heat leakage, and the liquefaction system has been essentially retrofitted to a reliquefaction system.
The quantity of the materials fed into the pre-cooling and liquefying module is matched with the direct current heat capacity in each temperature zone to be the maximum value, namely the total heat capacity of the materials integrated in the range from the lowest temperature to the higher temperature is exactly equal to the working condition of the total heat capacity of the direct current, and the quantity of the materials fed is in the range between the maximum value and zero. When the feed quantity is less than the maximum value, the direct current can reduce expansion gap related losses, such as shuttle losses and pumping losses, so as to improve refrigeration efficiency. Under the working condition that the feeding quantity is zero, the gap type refrigerator high-efficiency precooling and liquefying system can keep the regenerative type refrigerating module, and the precooling and liquefying module is removed, so that the improvement of refrigerating efficiency is focused; of course, the regenerative refrigeration module and the pre-cooling and liquefying module can be reserved at the same time.
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the efficient liquefaction system of the regenerative refrigerator adopting direct current in the embodiment includes a two-stage GM refrigerator module and a liquefaction module.
The secondary GM refrigerator module includes a regenerative refrigerator unit and a dc internal circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compression device 1, a compressor low-pressure air storage tank 2, a compressor cooler and a filter device 3, a compressor high-pressure air storage tank 4, a GM type compressor high-low pressure distributing valve 5, a refrigerator air inlet channel 6, a refrigerator air cylinder 7, a first-stage expansion piston 11, a first-stage heat regenerator 8, a first-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 9, a first-stage expansion piston and air cylinder gap 10, a second-stage expansion piston 27, a second-stage heat regenerator 26, a first-stage cold-end heat exchanger 12, a first-stage expansion cavity 13, a second-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 14, a second-stage expansion piston and air cylinder gap 15, a second-stage cold-end heat exchanger 16 and a second-stage expansion cavity 17. The DC internal circulation unit comprises a DC 28, an interstage DC connection channel 18, a first stage to hot end DC connection channel 19 and a DC control valve 20.
The liquefying module comprises an air source 21, an air inlet control mechanism 22, an outer wall heat exchange assembly 23, a cold end heat exchange assembly 24 and a liquid collecting assembly 25 which are sequentially communicated.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
and (3) completing system installation according to the flow, performing multiple gas replacement on system components and pipelines except the high-pressure gas source, and filling the gas working medium with working pressure, so that the purity of the working medium in the system can be ensured. The compressor 1 is firstly operated, the refrigerator starts to cool down, when the temperature of the heat exchanger 16 at the cold end of the heat regenerator is reduced below the liquefaction temperature of working medium, the valves of the direct current control valve 20 and the feeding control mechanism 22 are adjusted, the direct current flow and the flow of gas to be liquefied are controlled, and the pressure of the gas to be liquefied is adjusted until the stable liquefaction rate is obtained.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the efficient liquefaction system of the regenerative refrigerator adopting direct current in the embodiment includes a single-stage stirling refrigerator module and a liquid pre-cooling module.
The single-stage Stirling refrigerator module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current internal circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a piston type compression device 1, a compressor cooler 3, a refrigerator air inlet channel 6, a refrigerator cylinder 7, a first-stage expansion piston 11, a first-stage regenerator 8, a first-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 9, a gap 10 between the first-stage expansion piston and the cylinder, a first-stage cold end heat exchanger 12 and a first-stage expansion cavity 13. The direct current internal circulation unit comprises a direct current 28, a direct current outflow cylinder connecting channel 19, a direct current control valve 20, a low-pressure gas reservoir 30 and a low-pressure one-way valve 31.
The liquid precooling module comprises a liquid source 21, a liquid inlet control mechanism 22, a cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 23, a cold end heat exchange assembly 24 and a liquid collecting assembly 25 which are sequentially communicated.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
And (3) completing system installation according to the flow, carrying out multiple gas replacement on system components and pipelines of the single-stage Stirling refrigerator module, and filling gas working medium with working pressure, so that the purity of the working medium in the system can be ensured. The piston compressor 1 is operated first, the refrigerator starts to cool down, when the temperature of the cold end heat exchanger 12 of the heat regenerator is reduced below the set temperature, the size of the low-pressure check valve 31 is adjusted, so that the pressure in the low-pressure gas reservoir 30 is stabilized below the alternating flow average pressure, the liquid inlet control mechanism 22 is opened, and the liquid to be precooled is continuously cooled from the liquid source 21 through the cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 23 and the cold end heat exchange assembly 24 until flowing into the liquid collecting assembly 25. The direct flow control valve 20 and the liquid inlet control mechanism 22 are adjusted to control the direct flow and the liquid flow to be precooled until a stable precooled flow rate is obtained.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, the efficient liquefaction system of the regenerative refrigerator adopting direct current in this embodiment includes a secondary pulse tube refrigerator module and a precooling and liquefying module.
The secondary pulse tube refrigerator module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current internal circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a piston type compression device 1, a compressor cooler 3, a refrigerator air inlet channel 6, a first-stage heat regenerator 8 and gas which are divided into two paths in the first-stage heat regenerator 8, wherein the first paths are sequentially connected with a first-stage cold end connecting pipe 40, a first-stage pulse tube cold end heat exchanger 41, a first-stage pulse tube 42, a first-stage pulse tube hot end heat exchanger 43 and a first-stage phase modulation mechanism 44; the second path is connected with the first-stage cold-end heat exchanger 12, the second-stage heat regenerator 26, the second-stage cold-end heat exchanger 16, the second-stage cold-end connecting pipe 46, the second-stage pulse tube cold-end heat exchanger 47, the second-stage pulse tube 48, the second-stage pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger 49 and the second-stage phase modulation mechanism 50 in sequence.
The direct current internal circulation unit is divided into two paths, and comprises a direct current 28, a second-stage regenerator side insertion channel 27, a second-stage regenerator side gap 15, a first-stage regenerator side insertion channel 11, a first-stage regenerator side gap 10, a first-stage to hot-end direct current connecting channel 19, a regenerator side direct current control valve 20, a low-pressure gas reservoir 30 and a low-pressure one-way valve 31, wherein the other path of direct current comprises a direct current 54 flowing to a pulse tube side, a second-stage pulse tube side insertion channel 51, a second-stage pulse tube side gap 52 and a regenerator side direct current control valve 55.
The precooling and liquefying module comprises two paths, and the two paths of working media to be precooled and liquefied are different. One path is a side precooling module of the heat regenerator, and comprises an air source 21, a feeding control mechanism 22, a cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 23 and an air collection assembly 25 which are sequentially communicated; the other path is a vessel side liquefaction module, and comprises an air source 56, an air inlet pressure control mechanism 57, a cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 58, a cold end heat exchange assembly 59 and a liquid collection assembly 60 which are sequentially communicated.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
And (3) completing system installation according to the flow, performing multiple gas replacement on system components and pipelines except the high-pressure gas source, and filling the gas working medium with working pressure, so that the purity of the working medium in the system can be ensured. The piston compressor 1 is operated first, the refrigerator starts to cool down, and when the temperature of the heat exchanger 16 at the cold end of the regenerator is reduced below the liquefaction temperature of the working medium at the pulse tube side, the size of the low-pressure check valve 31 is regulated, so that the pressure in the low-pressure gas reservoir 30 is stabilized below the alternating-current average pressure.
For the pre-cooling module, the valves of the direct current control valve 20 and the feed control mechanism 22 are opened to allow direct current to flow through the second stage regenerator 26, out of the regenerator through the small holes in the second stage regenerator side insertion channels 27, into the second stage regenerator side gap 15, along the sealed portions of the second stage regenerator side gap 15, the first stage regenerator side gap 10, the first stage to hot side direct current connection channels 19, and the gas to be pre-cooled is cooled through the cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 23 until it flows into the gas collection assembly 25. The valves of the direct current control valve 20 and the feed control mechanism 22 are adjusted, the direct current flow and the flow of the gas to be precooled are controlled, and the pressure of the gas to be precooled is adjusted until a stable precooling flow rate is obtained.
For the liquefaction module, the valves of the once-through control valve 55 and feed control mechanism 57 are opened to allow the direct flow to pass through the second stage regenerator 26, the second stage cold end connecting tube 46, the second stage pulse tube cold end heat exchanger 47, into the second stage pulse tube side gap 52, through the cold end to the hot end. The gas to be liquefied exits the gas source 56 and is continuously cooled through the cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 58 and the cold end heat exchange assembly 59 until it flows into the liquid collection assembly 60. The valves of the direct flow control valve 55 and the feed control mechanism 57 are adjusted, the direct flow rate and the flow rate of the gas to be liquefied are controlled, and the pressure of the gas to be precooled is adjusted until a stable liquefaction flow rate is obtained.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The high-efficiency precooling and liquefying system of the gap type refrigerator is characterized by comprising a regenerative refrigerating module and a precooling and liquefying module;
the regenerative refrigeration module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current internal circulation unit;
The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compressor device (1), a heat regenerator, a cold end heat exchanger (12), an expansion piston and an internal gap structure which are connected in sequence;
The direct current internal circulation unit is as follows: the direct current (28) is led into an internal gap structure from a specific position, the direct current (28) performs dividing wall type heat exchange with the material to be precooled through a gap and the cylinder wall, the material to be precooled is precooled by utilizing the cold energy in the regenerator carried by the direct current (28), and then the material to be precooled returns to the regenerator to complete the direct current internal circulation, and the direct current flow is controlled through the direct current control valve (20);
The pre-cooling and liquefying module comprises a material source (21), a feeding control mechanism (22), a feeding and cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly (23), a cold end heat exchange pipeline (24) and a cold material collecting assembly (25) which are sequentially communicated, wherein the material source (21) pre-cools at the feeding and cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly (23) and enters the cold material collecting assembly (25);
The internal gap structure comprises a gap formed by an expansion piston and a cylinder, a gap formed by a plurality of layers of channels in a pressure-bearing pipe of the heat regenerator and a gap formed by a plurality of layers of channels in a pulse pipe pressure-bearing pipe;
the position of the direct current (28) introduced into the internal gap structure is the cold end of the heat regenerator or any position between the cold end of the heat regenerator and the hot end of the heat regenerator;
The position of the direct current (28) led out from the internal gap structure comprises the hot end of the heat regenerator and any position between the hot end of the heat regenerator and the cold end of the heat regenerator.
2. The efficient precooling and liquefying system of a gap refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the direct current (28) is led out from the internal gap structure and then led into the regenerator, or led into the low-pressure assembly and then led into the regenerator, or driven by the high-pressure assembly, to form a cycle;
the low-pressure component is a low-pressure pipeline or a low-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve;
The high-pressure component is a high-pressure pipeline or a high-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve.
3. The efficient precooling and liquefying system of a gap refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the regenerative refrigerator unit is a refrigerator for realizing alternating storage and release of heat by adopting a regenerator component, and comprises one or more multi-stage coupled mixed structural forms of a GM refrigerator, a soldier refrigerator, a stirling refrigerator, a VM refrigerator and a pulse tube refrigerator;
the pulse tube refrigerator comprises a GM pulse tube refrigerator and a Stirling pulse tube refrigerator.
4. The efficient precooling and liquefying system for a gap refrigerator according to claim 3, wherein the regenerative refrigeration module is a heat regenerator built-in structure or a heat regenerator external structure;
in the built-in structure of the heat regenerator, the heat regenerator is built in the expansion piston;
in the external structure of the heat regenerator, an expansion piston and the heat regenerator are arranged in a split type;
The regenerative refrigeration module comprises a single-stage structure and a multi-stage coupling structure, wherein the multi-stage coupling structure comprises a multi-stage thermal coupling structure, a multi-stage gas coupling structure and a thermal coupling and gas coupling mixed structure.
5. A high efficiency precooling and liquefying system for a gap refrigerator according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed and cylinder outer wall heat exchanger assembly (23) is constructed in a form comprising a heat exchanger tube for heat transfer with the cylinder wall and a heat convection structure with the cylinder wall.
6. The efficient precooling and liquefying system for a gap-type refrigerator as claimed in claim 1, wherein an average operating pressure in the regenerative-type refrigerating module is 1 to 500 times an atmospheric pressure.
7. The efficient precooling and liquefying system of a gap refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the precooling and liquefying module comprises a precooling function, a liquefying function or a combination of the precooling function and the liquefying function, wherein the liquefying amount of the material to be precooled accounts for 0% -100% of the total amount of the material to be precooled;
The material to be precooled comprises gas, liquid or solid, or the mixture of any two or three of gaseous, liquid and solid phase states;
the material to be precooled comprises a mixture of pure substances and various substances.
8. The efficient precooling and liquefying system of a gap refrigerator as claimed in claim 1 wherein the quantity of the fed materials of the precooling and liquefying module is such that the heat capacity of the materials and the heat capacity of the direct current are matched to be maximum in each temperature zone, and the range of the quantity of the fed materials is between the maximum and zero;
Under the working condition that the feeding quantity is zero, the efficient precooling and liquefying system of the gap type refrigerator comprises a reserved regenerative type refrigerating module without precooling and liquefying modules or two conditions of the reserved regenerative type refrigerating module and the precooling and liquefying modules.
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CN114562828A (en) * 2022-02-28 2022-05-31 武汉高芯科技有限公司 Stirling refrigerating machine with filtering function
CN114791203B (en) * 2022-05-23 2024-02-20 浙江大学 Hydrogen and helium throttling liquefaction system adopting direct current at cold end and hot end of regenerative refrigerator

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