CN114322349B - Direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system - Google Patents
Direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114322349B CN114322349B CN202111474560.7A CN202111474560A CN114322349B CN 114322349 B CN114322349 B CN 114322349B CN 202111474560 A CN202111474560 A CN 202111474560A CN 114322349 B CN114322349 B CN 114322349B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- direct current
- heat
- refrigerator
- low
- regenerator
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 79
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 65
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 44
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004964 aerogel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 31
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000110 cooling liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000112 cooling gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003949 liquefied natural gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004078 cryogenic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005338 heat storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- -1 sphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Abstract
The invention relates to a low-temperature storage system cooled by a coupled direct-current regenerative refrigerator, which comprises a regenerative refrigeration module and a low-temperature storage module; the regenerative refrigeration module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current circulation unit; the regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compressor device, a heat regenerator and a cold end heat exchanger which are connected in sequence; the direct current circulation unit comprises a dividing wall type heat exchange channel, wherein direct current is led out of the regenerator from any position and led into the dividing wall type heat exchange channel, and the direct current directly or indirectly cools a heat leakage channel of the low-temperature storage module and then returns to the upper part of the regenerator, so that direct current circulation is completed. Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively reduce the heat leakage of the low-temperature storage module by utilizing the cold quantity carried by direct current, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the low-temperature storage system and improving the efficiency of the low-temperature storage system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of refrigeration, in particular to a low-temperature storage system cooled by a direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator.
Background
The regenerative refrigerator is a refrigeration technology in an alternating flow mode, the regenerator is used for realizing periodic heat storage and release between a gas working medium and a regenerative filler, and the refrigeration effect is generated by using expansion of gas. The regenerator generally has a large specific surface area per unit volume, and the structural forms include a wire mesh, a pill-shaped filler, a gap type and the like. The regenerative cryorefrigerator has the advantages of high reliability, simple structure, high efficiency and the like, and is widely applied to low-temperature technologies such as gas liquefaction, superconducting cooling and the like.
Direct current is the flow of air whose mass is unequal to that of the forward flow and the reverse flow of a certain section in a period, and the net mass flow in one direction occurs. Direct current is also called direct current circulating mass flow.
Cryogenic storage is a technique that maintains a certain material at a temperature well below room temperature, and storage is generally relatively stationary, primarily for the purpose of maintaining the material in a state of low temperature, high density, purity, etc. Cryogenic transport is a technique for transporting a material in a channel at a temperature well below room temperature and at a pressure, and the material is typically in relative motion with respect to the channel. The insulation for cryogenic transport is substantially the same as the insulation for the storage system. Cryogenic storage and transport is important for storage and transportation of various cryogenic liquids such as liquid helium, liquid hydrogen, liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and applications including storage of liquid helium in superconducting magnetic resonance systems (MRI), storage of liquid hydrogen in liquid hydrogen hydrostations, liquid hydrogen tankers and vessels, and the like.
The structure of the cryogenic storage generally includes an inner vessel, an outer housing, an intermediate insulating structure, a support structure, material access tubing, measurement signal channels, and the like. The inner container is the structure with low temperature material direct contact, and the shell body is the structure with external environment direct contact, and middle adiabatic structure is according to structural style's difference including low heat conduction pile up material, radiation screen, cooling screen etc. bearing structure makes the inner container fix in certain position through certain effect. The material inlet and outlet pipeline is a pipeline for placing and taking out materials into and from the container and assisting in discharging, and comprises a neck pipe, an exhaust pipe, an inflating and pressurizing pipe and the like, and the measuring signal channel is a channel for measuring temperature, pressure, liquid level and other information. The support structure, material access conduit, and measurement signal path typically connect the inner vessel (or material) at low temperature to the ambient room temperature portion, resulting in heat loss. The radiation screen is a film material with low emissivity, usually an aluminum foil or an aluminized film is adopted, and a spacer with low heat conduction is often added between the multi-layer radiation screen. The cooling screen, also called steam cooling screen or steam cooling radiation screen, is a thin material which receives a certain amount of cooling energy for cooling, so that the radiation temperature in the middle is lower, and a metal foil is usually adopted.
Forms of intermediate insulation structures for cryogenic storage include common stacked insulation that is not vacuum, vacuum powder and fiber insulation, high vacuum insulation, vacuum multilayer insulation, and the like. The heat conduction and convection heat exchange of the gas between the inner container and the outer shell are greatly reduced through vacuum, and the radiation material with high reflectivity remarkably reduces the radiation heat exchange, so that the vacuum multilayer heat insulation has the best heat insulation effect, and the apparent heat conductivity is about 10 -4、10-2、10-2 orders of magnitude of the first three structures. Vacuum multi-layer insulation is most widely used in current low temperature storage.
The heat leakage channel is formed by temperature difference and is used for transmitting heat to the inner container in three heat transmission modes of heat conduction, convection and radiation, and specifically comprises a cooling screen, a radiation screen, a stacking material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline, a measuring signal channel, a stacking material, a powder material, a fiber material and the like.
And a certain amount of radiation heat leakage exists in the vacuum multi-layer heat insulation structure form, heat conduction through multi-layer materials, heat conduction of residual gas molecules and heat conduction of related structures (support, material inlet and outlet pipelines and measurement signal channels) are realized, so that the heat leakage is far higher than that calculated by an ideal radiation attenuation model. In fact, the proportion of the heat flow entering the cryogenic insulating cylinder through the support structure, the material inlet and outlet pipe (with neck), the measurement signal channel, is very high, even up to a level comparable to the radiant heat leakage.
The vacuum multilayer heat insulation of the precooling cooling screen is adopted, and part of radiation heat leakage, heat conduction through multilayer materials, heat conduction of residual gas molecules and heat conduction of related structures can be absorbed, so that the total heat leakage is reduced.
The prior art re-liquefies the stored material with the cold end refrigeration capacity (temperature is denoted as T c) of the refrigerator (conventionally two-stage), cools the cooling screen with the pre-cooling stage (temperature is denoted as T 1), and no refrigeration capacity can be provided between the cold end temperature T c and the pre-cooling stage temperature T 1, and between the pre-cooling stage temperature T 1 and room temperature, i.e. no cooling screen can be provided in those regions, resulting in limited pre-cooling effect.
In another form, in cryogenic storage without re-liquefaction of the refrigerator, the cooling screen is often cooled with vapor, and the cooling capacity of sensible heat thereof is used to reduce the temperature of the cooling screen, thereby reducing radiant heat leakage and reducing the evaporation rate. In the form of specific cooling, for small sizes, heat is generally transferred through the neck tube; corresponding to large and medium sizes, steam is generally conveyed through a pipeline to conduct heat with each layer of cooling screen. However, the vapor after cooling the cooling screen cannot be liquefied again, resulting in a loss of storage capacity.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a low-temperature storage system for cooling a direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator, which directly or indirectly cools an insulation structure through the sensible heat carried by the direct current of the regenerative refrigerator, changes the temperature distribution of the insulation structure, reduces the temperature of a part near low temperature, reduces corresponding heat leakage and improves the storage efficiency.
The applicant considers that the patent of publication number CN112097422a discloses a "high-efficiency liquefaction system of a regenerative refrigerator using direct current" when developing the concept of the present technical solution, and the patent does not relate to how to cool the heat insulation material by direct or indirect heat transfer, although the regenerative refrigerator has the advantage of extracting direct current for pre-cooling and liquefaction, and is applied to a low-temperature storage system.
The applicant further considers that the transport of cryogenic materials, most of the time the material is moving relative to the inner vessel, is generally carried out by a transfer line having a thermally insulating structure. At present, a vapor cooling screen is not adopted to strengthen the heat insulation performance, so that heat leakage along a pipeline is large, and a refrigerator is not generally adopted to reliquefy.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
The invention aims to protect a low-temperature storage system cooled by a direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator, which comprises a regenerative refrigeration module and a low-temperature storage module;
The regenerative refrigeration module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current circulation unit;
The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compressor device, a heat regenerator and a cold end heat exchanger which are connected in sequence;
The direct current circulation unit comprises a dividing wall type heat exchange channel, wherein direct current is led out of the regenerator from any position and led into the dividing wall type heat exchange channel, and the direct current directly or indirectly cools a heat leakage channel of the low-temperature storage module and then returns to the upper part of the regenerator, so that direct current circulation is completed.
The direct current circulation unit is internally provided with a direct current control valve, and the direct current flow is controlled by the direct current control valve;
The cryogenic storage module includes a cold charge, a storage vessel inner vessel, and a storage vessel outer shell. The device also comprises a cooling screen, a radiation screen, a stacking material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline, a measuring signal channel and a cooling carrying channel for exchanging heat with the cooling screen; the heat leakage channel comprises a cooling screen, a radiation screen, a stacking material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline and a measuring signal channel.
Further, the position of the direct current led out of the heat regenerator is the cold end of the heat regenerator or any position between the cold end of the heat regenerator and the hot end of the heat regenerator;
The direct current extraction positions are one or more, so that one direct current or a plurality of direct currents are formed, and the corresponding cold end heat exchanger comprises one of an internal gap structure, a plurality of internal gap structures, a dividing wall type heat exchanger and a plurality of dividing wall type heat exchangers;
The direct current is introduced into the heat regenerator from the partition wall type heat exchange channel at any position between the heat regenerator hot end or the heat regenerator hot end and the heat regenerator cold end;
The partition wall type heat exchange channel after the direct current is led out of the heat regenerator comprises a gap structure in the refrigerator, and the partition wall type heat exchanger after the direct current is led out of the heat regenerator and the wall surface of the pressure-bearing container of the refrigerator in sequence;
the internal gap structure comprises a gap formed by an expansion piston and a cylinder, a gap formed by two or more layers of channels in a pressure-bearing pipe of the heat regenerator and a gap formed by two or more layers of channels in a pulse pipe pressure-bearing pipe.
Further, an expansion mechanism and a compression mechanism are also arranged in the direct current circulation unit, and the direct current is led out of the wall surfaces of the pressure-bearing container of the regenerator and the refrigerator in sequence and then is connected with the expansion mechanism;
The expansion mechanism is a single expansion mechanism or a combination of a plurality of expansion mechanisms;
the expansion mechanism is arranged on one strand of direct current or on a plurality of strands of direct current respectively;
the position of the expansion mechanism on direct current is a cold end or any position between the cold end and the hot end;
the compression mechanism comprises a single compression mechanism or a combination of multiple compression mechanisms;
the compression mechanism is arranged on one direct current or a plurality of direct currents respectively.
Further, the direct current is led out from the dividing wall type heat exchange channel and then led into the heat regenerator, or led into the low-pressure assembly and then led into the heat regenerator, or driven by the high-pressure assembly, so that circulation is formed;
the low-pressure component is a low-pressure pipeline or a low-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve;
The high-pressure component is a high-pressure pipeline or a high-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve.
Further, the structure for transmitting cold energy between the regenerative refrigerator and the low-temperature storage module is one of a pipeline type cooling medium transmission structure, a solid heat conduction structure and a serial-parallel connection combined structure of pipeline transmission and solid heat conduction;
The pipeline cooling low-temperature storage module in the pipeline type transmission cooling medium structure is characterized in that the cooling medium comprises direct current which is directly led out from the regenerative refrigerator for cooling, and gas materials and secondary refrigerant in the low-temperature storage module;
after the direct current flows through the low-temperature storage module, the gas and the secondary refrigerant in the low-temperature storage module are subjected to dividing wall type heat exchange through a dividing wall type heat exchanger outside the regenerative refrigerator or the outer surface of the regenerative refrigerator, cooled to low temperature and recycled.
Further, the secondary refrigerant refers to a cold carrier having a different pressure or different chemical composition than the gas in the regenerative refrigerator, the storage system, and includes a gas, a liquid, a solid, or a mixture of 2 or 3 of them.
The dividing wall type heat exchange structure form of the feeding and cylinder outer shell heat exchange assembly comprises a pipeline for heat exchange through heat conduction and a structure for heat convection with the dividing wall type heat exchange structure.
The pressurizing mechanisms such as a fan, a pump and the like and the flow control component can be added when the gas materials and the secondary refrigerant are subjected to flowing cooling.
The cooling mode of solid heat conduction is that the solid is connected with a cooling screen, a radiation screen, a stacking material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline, a measuring signal channel and other heat leakage channels, a gap structure in the refrigerator and a dividing wall type heat exchanger after direct current is led out of the regenerator and the wall surface of the pressure-bearing container of the refrigerator in sequence.
Further, the heat leakage channel is a direct-current cooling component and comprises one of a cooling screen, a radiation screen, a stacking material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline and a measuring signal channel. The direct-current cooling component comprises a cooling screen, a stacking material, a supporting structure, a material inlet and outlet pipeline, a measuring signal channel and the like which serve as heat leakage channels of the low-temperature storage container with the center for heat load. Wherein the cooling screen comprises one layer and a plurality of layers. The support structure, the material inlet and outlet pipelines and the measuring signal channel comprise one or a plurality of measuring signal channels.
Furthermore, the cooling medium, the supporting structure, the material inlet and outlet pipeline and the measuring signal channel can flow in parallel for distributed cooling, and a plurality of heat exchange points can also be arranged on the supporting member.
Further, the thermal insulation structure forms of the low-temperature storage system cooled by the direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator are vacuum multi-layer thermal insulation, vacuum stacking thermal insulation, thermal insulation structure of common stacking thermal insulation (non-vacuum) by reducing heat conduction/convection/radiation, and composite thermal insulation forms of the thermal insulation structure forms. Wherein the common thermal insulation includes foaming material, filling material, aerogel, etc., and the structural form of the stacking material in the vacuum stacking insulation includes block, sheet, fiber, sphere, powder, etc.
For vacuum insulation, the cooling screen can be cooled, for vacuum accumulation insulation and common accumulation insulation, the accumulation insulation material can be cooled, and radiation heat leakage and heat conduction of an absorption part, heat conduction of residual gas molecules and heat conduction of related structures (support, material inlet and outlet pipelines and measurement signal channels) can be realized, so that the total heat leakage is reduced.
Further, the low-temperature storage module is a storage tank with the material basically fixed relative to the inner container and a pipeline for transporting the material, wherein the material moves relative to the inner container.
Further, the regenerative refrigerator unit is a refrigerator which adopts a heat regenerator component to realize alternating storage and release of heat and comprises a mixed structure form of multistage coupling of one or more of a GM refrigerator, a Soxhlet refrigerator, a Stirling refrigerator, a VM refrigerator and a pulse tube refrigerator;
The pulse tube refrigerator is one of a GM pulse tube refrigerator or a Stirling pulse tube refrigerator.
Further, the regenerative refrigeration module is of a heat regenerator built-in structure or a heat regenerator external structure;
in the built-in structure of the heat regenerator, the heat regenerator is built in the expansion piston;
in the external structure of the heat regenerator, an expansion piston and the heat regenerator are arranged in a split type;
The regenerative refrigeration module comprises a single-stage structure and a multi-stage coupling structure, wherein the multi-stage coupling structure comprises a multi-stage thermal coupling structure, a multi-stage gas coupling structure and a thermal coupling and gas coupling mixed structure.
Further, the average operating pressure in the regenerative refrigeration module is 0.1 to 3000 times the atmospheric pressure (0.01 to 300 MPa), and the average operating pressure in the low-temperature storage module is 0.01 to 3000 times the atmospheric pressure (0.001 to 300 MPa).
Further, the low-temperature storage material comprises gas, liquid or solid, and any two or three of gaseous, liquid and solid material phases. The low-temperature storage material comprises a mixture of pure matters and various materials.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical advantages:
1) The invention adopts the low-temperature storage system cooled by the direct-current coupled direct-current regenerative refrigerator, so that the direct current absorbs cold energy in the regenerator, and directly or indirectly reduces the heat leakage of the low-temperature storage module, thereby reducing the energy consumption of the low-temperature storage system and improving the efficiency of the low-temperature storage system.
2) The heat regenerator can absorb a certain amount of direct-current enthalpy flow, particularly in a direct-current flow size range within a certain range when working media are close to a critical temperature zone, and the COP of the actual heat regenerator is slightly reduced under the influence of direct current.
3) The method for the low-temperature storage system cooled by the coupling direct-current regenerative refrigerator in the structural form is applicable to small-sized systems and large-sized systems, is applicable to various working media such as liquid helium, liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, liquefied methane and the like, and has wide application prospect.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a low temperature vapor reliquefaction system of a two-stage GM refrigerator according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cooling liquid storage system employing a gap structure in a refrigerator with coolant circulation according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a DC cooling gas storage system coupled with a JT throttling expansion mechanism and a Stirling refrigerator structure according to embodiment 3 of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a cooling liquid storage system employing a heat-conductive refrigerator internal gap structure according to embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. Features such as a part model, a material name, a connection structure, a control method, an algorithm and the like which are not explicitly described in the technical scheme are all regarded as common technical features disclosed in the prior art.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the cryogenic storage system cooled by the regenerative refrigerator with coupled direct current of the present embodiment includes a two-stage GM refrigerator module and a liquid storage module;
The secondary GM refrigerator module includes a regenerative refrigerator unit and a dc external circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compression device 1, a compressor low-pressure air storage tank 2, a compressor cooler and a filter device 3, a compressor high-pressure air storage tank 4, a GM type compressor high-low pressure distributing valve 5, a refrigerator air inlet channel 6, a refrigerator air cylinder 7, a first-stage expansion piston 11, a first-stage heat regenerator 8, a first-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 9, a first-stage expansion piston and air cylinder gap 10, a second-stage expansion piston 27, a second-stage heat regenerator 26, a first-stage cold-end heat exchanger 12, a first-stage expansion cavity 13, a second-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 14, a second-stage expansion piston and air cylinder gap 15, a second-stage cold-end heat exchanger 16 and a second-stage expansion cavity 17.
The direct current external circulation unit comprises a direct current 28, a dividing wall type heat exchanger 30 and a direct current control valve 20.
The liquid storage module comprises a low-temperature liquid 25, a storage container outer shell 50, a storage container inner container 51, a material inlet and outlet pipeline 52, a measuring signal channel 53, a cooling screen 54, a cold carrying channel 56 for exchanging heat between a multi-layer aluminized film 55 and the cooling screen, a supporting structure 57, a vapor booster fan 22, vapor 23, a dividing wall type heat exchanger 30 and a cold end heat exchange component 24.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
And (3) completing system installation according to the flow, and filling the gas working medium with working pressure. The compressor 1 is firstly operated, the refrigerator starts to cool down, when the temperature of the heat exchanger 16 at the cold end of the heat regenerator is reduced below the liquefaction temperature of working medium, the opening of the direct current control valve 20 is regulated, the vapor booster fan 22 is started, and the direct current flow and the vapor gas circulation flow are controlled. Due to the heat leakage, the low-temperature liquid 25 evaporates, the vapor enters the cold carrying channel 56 exchanging heat with the cooling screen, the cold carrying channel 56 is thermally connected with the cooling screen 54, the material inlet and outlet pipeline 52, the measuring signal channel 53 and the supporting structure 57, and the heat conduction and radiation heat leakage is absorbed through the sensible heat of the vapor. The cooling channels 56 are coiled on the cooling screens 54 of the two layers, the vapor temperature is gradually increased from the inner layer to the outer layer until the temperature approaches the room temperature, the vapor is pressurized by the vapor booster fan 22, enters the dividing wall type heat exchanger 30, is gradually cooled by the direct current 28, is further liquefied in the cold end heat exchange assembly 24, returns to the inner container 51, and becomes a part of the low-temperature liquid 25.
When the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerator is larger than the low-temperature storage heat leakage quantity, the refrigerator can be started and stopped intermittently until a stable reliquefaction rate is obtained, and the pressure in the liquid storage module is maintained.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the internal gap structure of the refrigerator adopting the secondary refrigerant circulation of the present embodiment is a schematic structural diagram of a cooling liquid storage system; comprises a two-stage GM refrigerator module and a liquid storage module;
The secondary GM refrigerator module includes a regenerative refrigerator unit and a dc internal circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compression device 1, a compressor low-pressure air storage tank 2, a compressor cooler and a filter device 3, a compressor high-pressure air storage tank 4, a GM type compressor high-low pressure distributing valve 5, a refrigerator air inlet channel 6, a refrigerator air cylinder 7, a first-stage expansion piston 11, a first-stage heat regenerator 8, a first-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 9, a first-stage expansion piston and air cylinder gap 10, a second-stage expansion piston 27, a second-stage heat regenerator 26, a first-stage cold-end heat exchanger 12, a first-stage expansion cavity 13, a second-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 14, a second-stage expansion piston and air cylinder gap 15, a second-stage cold-end heat exchanger 16 and a second-stage expansion cavity 17. The DC internal circulation unit comprises a DC 28, an interstage DC connection channel 18, a first stage to hot end DC connection channel 19 and a DC control valve 20.
The liquid storage module includes a liquid storage unit and a coolant circulation unit. The device specifically comprises a low-temperature liquid 25, a storage container outer shell 50, a storage container inner container 51, a material inlet and outlet pipeline 52, a measuring signal channel 53, a cooling screen 54, a cooling screen heat exchange cooling channel 56, a supporting structure 57, a secondary refrigerant booster fan 22, a cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 23 and a cold end heat exchange assembly 24.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
And (3) completing system installation according to the flow, and filling the gas working medium with working pressure. The compressor 1 is firstly operated, the refrigerator starts to cool down, and when the temperature of the heat exchanger 16 at the cold end of the heat regenerator is reduced below the liquefaction temperature of the working medium, the opening of the direct current control valve 20 is regulated, and the direct current flow is controlled. The low-temperature liquid 25 tends to rise in temperature due to heat leakage. The coolant booster fan 22 is started, the circulation flow of the coolant is controlled, the coolant enters the cooling channel 56 exchanging heat with the cooling screen, the cooling channel 56 is thermally connected with the cooling screen 54, the material inlet and outlet pipeline 52, the measuring signal channel 53 and the supporting structure 57, and heat conduction and radiation heat leakage are absorbed through the heat capacity of the coolant. The cooling channels 56 are coiled on the cooling screens 54 of the two layers, the temperature of the cooling medium gradually rises from the inner layer to the outer layer until the temperature approaches to the room temperature, the cooling medium enters the cylinder outer wall heat exchange assembly 23 after being pressurized by the booster fan 22, is gradually cooled by the direct current 28, and is further cooled by the cold end heat exchange assembly 24, and the low-temperature liquid 25 is cooled in the inner container 51.
When the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerator is larger than the low-temperature storage heat leakage quantity, the refrigerator can be started and stopped intermittently until the stable temperature or the reliquefaction rate (for volatile cold materials) is obtained, and the pressure in the liquid storage module is maintained.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, a schematic structural diagram of a direct-current cooling gas storage system of the coupled JT throttle expansion mechanism and stirling cooler structure of embodiment 3; the device comprises a single-stage Stirling refrigerator module, an expansion module, a compression module and a gas storage module;
The single-stage Stirling refrigerator module includes a regenerative refrigerator unit and a DC external circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a piston type compression device 1, a compressor cooler 3, a refrigerator air inlet channel 6, a refrigerator cylinder 7, a first-stage expansion piston 11, a first-stage regenerator 8, a first-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 9, a gap 10 between the first-stage expansion piston and the cylinder, a first-stage cold end heat exchanger 12 and a first-stage expansion cavity 13. The dc external circulation unit includes a dc 28, a dc control valve 20, and a dc control valve 59.
The expansion and compression module includes an expansion mechanism 29 and a low pressure buffer reservoir 31, a compression mechanism 32, a compression mechanism cooler and filter device 33.
The gas storage module comprises a cryogenic gas 25, a storage vessel outer housing 50, a storage vessel inner vessel 51, a material inlet and outlet conduit 52, a measurement signal path 53, a cooling screen 54, vacuum build-up material 55, a cooling screen heat exchanging dc path 56, a support structure 57, a neck tube heat exchanging dc path 58, and a cold end heat exchange assembly 24.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
And (3) completing system installation according to the flow, and filling the gas working medium with working pressure. The expansion mechanism 29 is preset with a resistance working condition at room temperature, the compressor 1 is firstly operated, the refrigerator starts to cool, when the temperature of the heat exchanger 16 at the cold end of the regenerator is reduced to a gas set temperature, the direct current is divided into two paths after being reduced in pressure by the expansion mechanism 29, the opening of the direct current control valve 20 and the opening of the direct current control valve 59 are respectively regulated, and the circulation flow of the two paths of direct current gas are respectively controlled.
One path of direct-current gas enters a direct-current channel 56 exchanging heat with the cooling screen, is thermally connected with the cooling screen 54 and a supporting structure 57, and absorbs heat conduction and radiation heat leakage through direct-current heat capacity. The direct current channel 56 is coiled on a single layer of cooling screen 54, and the temperature of the direct current gradually increases as the cooling screen is cooled.
The other path of direct current gas enters a direct current channel 58 exchanging heat with the neck pipe, the direct current channel 58 is thermally connected with the cooling material inlet and outlet pipeline 52 and the measuring signal channel 53, heat conduction and leakage heat is absorbed through the direct current heat capacity, and the temperature of the direct current is gradually increased in the cooling process until the temperature approaches to the room temperature.
The two direct currents are merged after cooling, the compression mechanism 32 is started, and the direct currents are compressed to the original low-pressure cavity pressure, so that stable circulation is formed. The attached buffer gas reservoir 31 is stabilized at a low pressure, and the compression mechanism cooler and filter device 33 discharges the compression heat and filters and adsorbs impurities.
When the refrigerating capacity and the direct current capacity of the refrigerator are larger than the low-temperature storage leakage heat, the refrigerator can be started and stopped intermittently until stable temperature is obtained, and the pressure in the gas storage module is maintained.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 4, the structure of the cooling liquid storage system adopting the internal gap structure of the heat-conducting refrigerator according to the present embodiment is schematically shown; comprises a two-stage GM refrigerator module and a liquid storage module;
The secondary GM refrigerator module includes a regenerative refrigerator unit and a dc internal circulation unit. The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compression device 1, a compressor low-pressure air storage tank 2, a compressor cooler and a filter device 3, a compressor high-pressure air storage tank 4, a GM type compressor high-low pressure distributing valve 5, a refrigerator air inlet channel 6, a refrigerator air cylinder 7, a first-stage expansion piston 11, a first-stage heat regenerator 8, a first-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 9, a first-stage expansion piston and air cylinder gap 10, a second-stage expansion piston 27, a second-stage heat regenerator 26, a first-stage cold-end heat exchanger 12, a first-stage expansion cavity 13, a second-stage expansion piston sealing mechanism 14, a second-stage expansion piston and air cylinder gap 15, a second-stage cold-end heat exchanger 16 and a second-stage expansion cavity 17. The DC internal circulation unit comprises a DC 28, an interstage DC connection channel 18, a first stage to hot end DC connection channel 19 and a DC control valve 20.
The liquid storage module specifically includes cryogenic liquid 25, storage vessel outer shell 50, storage vessel inner vessel 51, material access conduit 52, cooling screen 54, support structure 57, heat transfer mechanism 58, and cold side heat exchange assembly 24.
The working process of the embodiment is as follows:
the system is installed according to the above flow, the gas working medium with working pressure is filled, and the outer wall of the refrigerator cylinder 7 is connected with the cooling screen 54, the material inlet and outlet pipeline 52, the supporting structure 57 and other heat leakage channels through a plurality of heat conducting mechanisms 58. The compressor 1 is firstly operated, the refrigerator starts to cool down, and when the temperature of the heat exchanger 16 at the cold end of the heat regenerator is reduced below the set temperature of the working medium, the opening of the direct current control valve 20 is regulated, and the direct current flow is controlled.
The cooling capacity of the direct current 28 in the gap is transmitted to the cooling screen 54, the material inlet and outlet pipe 52 and the supporting structure 57 through the plurality of heat conduction mechanisms 58, and heat conduction and radiation heat leakage are finally absorbed through the heat capacity of the direct current 28. The temperature of the three-layer cooling screen 54 gradually increases from the inner layer to the outer layer. The cold end heat exchange assembly 24 exchanges heat with the low-temperature liquid 25 in a convection or heat conduction mode to realize cooling or reliquefaction.
When the refrigerating capacity of the refrigerator is larger than the low-temperature storage heat leakage quantity, the refrigerator can be started and stopped intermittently until the stable temperature or the reliquefaction rate is obtained, and the pressure in the liquid storage module is maintained.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The low-temperature storage system for cooling the direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator is characterized by comprising a regenerative refrigeration module and a low-temperature storage module;
The regenerative refrigeration module comprises a regenerative refrigerator unit and a direct current circulation unit;
The regenerative refrigerator unit comprises a compressor device (1), a heat regenerator and a cold end heat exchanger (12) which are connected in sequence;
the direct current circulation unit comprises a divided wall type heat exchange channel, wherein a direct current (28) is led out of a heat regenerator from any position and is led into the divided wall type heat exchange channel, and the direct current is used for directly or indirectly cooling a heat leakage channel of the low-temperature storage module and then returns to the upper part of the heat regenerator, so that direct current circulation is completed;
a direct current control valve (20) is arranged in the direct current circulation unit, and the direct current flow is controlled through the direct current control valve (20);
the low-temperature storage module comprises a cold material (21), a storage container inner container and a storage container outer shell;
The low-temperature storage module further comprises a cooling screen and a cold carrying channel structure exchanging heat with the cooling screen;
The direct current is led out of the regenerator at a cold end of the regenerator or at any position between the cold end of the regenerator and the hot end of the regenerator;
The number of the leading-out positions of the direct current (28) is one or more, so that one direct current or a plurality of direct currents are formed, and the corresponding cold end heat exchanger (12) comprises one of an internal gap structure, a plurality of internal gap structures, a dividing wall type heat exchanger and a plurality of dividing wall type heat exchangers;
The direct current (28) is introduced into the heat regenerator from the dividing wall type heat exchange channel at any position between the heat regenerator hot end or the heat regenerator hot end and the heat regenerator cold end;
the partition wall type heat exchange channel after the direct current (28) is led out of the heat regenerator comprises a gap structure in the refrigerator and a partition wall type heat exchanger after the direct current is led out of the heat regenerator and the wall surface of the pressure-bearing container of the refrigerator in sequence;
The internal gap structure comprises a gap formed by an expansion piston and a cylinder, a gap formed by two or more layers of channels in a pressure-bearing pipe of the heat regenerator and a gap formed by two or more layers of channels in a pulse pipe pressure-bearing pipe;
The direct current circulation unit is also provided with an expansion mechanism and a compression mechanism, and the direct current (28) is led out of the wall surfaces of the pressure-bearing container of the regenerator and the refrigerator in sequence and then is connected with the expansion mechanism;
The expansion mechanism is a single expansion mechanism or a combination of a plurality of expansion mechanisms;
the expansion mechanism is arranged on one strand of direct current or on a plurality of strands of direct current respectively;
the position of the expansion mechanism on direct current is a cold end or any position between the cold end and the hot end;
the compression mechanism comprises a single compression mechanism or a combination of multiple compression mechanisms;
the compression mechanism is arranged on one direct current or a plurality of direct currents respectively.
2. A low temperature storage system cooled by a regenerative refrigerator coupled with direct current according to claim 1, wherein the direct current (28) is led out from the dividing wall type heat exchange channel and then led into the regenerator, or led into the low pressure assembly and then led into the regenerator, or driven by the high pressure assembly, thereby forming a cycle;
the low-pressure component is a low-pressure pipeline or a low-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve;
The high-pressure component is a high-pressure pipeline or a high-pressure cavity formed by arranging a one-way valve.
3. The low-temperature storage system for cooling a direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator according to claim 1, wherein the structure for transmitting cold energy between the regenerative refrigerator and the low-temperature storage module is one of a pipeline type cooling medium structure, a solid heat conduction structure and a serial-parallel combination structure of pipeline transmission and solid heat conduction;
The pipeline in the pipeline type transmission cooling medium structure can cool the low-temperature storage module, and the cooling medium comprises direct current which is directly led out from the regenerative refrigerator for cooling, and gas materials and secondary refrigerant in the low-temperature storage module;
After the direct current (28) flows through the low-temperature storage module, the gas and the secondary refrigerant in the low-temperature storage module are cooled to low temperature through the dividing wall type heat exchanger outside the regenerative refrigerator or the dividing wall type heat exchange of the outer surface of the regenerative refrigerator, and are recycled.
4. The direct current coupled regenerative chiller cooled cryogenic storage system of claim 1 wherein the heat leak path is a direct current (28) cooled component, the heat leak path comprising one or more of a cooling screen, a radiant screen, a build-up material, a support structure, a material access conduit, a measurement signal path.
5. The direct current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system of claim 1, wherein the direct current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system adopts an insulating structure in the form of vacuum multi-layer insulation, vacuum stack insulation, and common stack insulation by reducing the heat conduction/convection/radiation;
the common stacked heat insulation material comprises foaming materials, filling materials and aerogel, and the structural form of the stacked materials in the common stacked heat insulation material comprises one of blocks, sheets, fibers, spheres and powder.
6. The direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooling low-temperature storage system according to claim 1, wherein the regenerative refrigerator unit is a refrigerator which adopts a regenerator component to realize alternating storage and release of heat, and comprises a mixed structure form of multistage coupling of one or more refrigerators of a GM refrigerator, a soldier refrigerator, a stirling refrigerator, a VM refrigerator and a pulse tube refrigerator;
The pulse tube refrigerator is one of a GM pulse tube refrigerator or a Stirling pulse tube refrigerator.
7. The direct current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system of claim 1, wherein the regenerative refrigeration module is a regenerator internal structure or a regenerator external structure;
in the built-in structure of the heat regenerator, the heat regenerator is built in the expansion piston;
in the external structure of the heat regenerator, an expansion piston and the heat regenerator are arranged in a split type;
The regenerative refrigeration module is of a single-stage structure or a multi-stage coupling structure, and the multi-stage coupling structure is one of a multi-stage thermal coupling structure, a multi-stage gas coupling structure and a thermal coupling and gas coupling mixed structure.
8. The direct current coupled regenerative chiller cooled cryogenic storage system of claim 1, wherein the average operating pressure in the regenerative refrigeration module is between 0.1 and 3000 times the atmospheric pressure and the average operating pressure in the cryogenic storage module is between 0.01 and 3000 times the atmospheric pressure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111474560.7A CN114322349B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111474560.7A CN114322349B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114322349A CN114322349A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
| CN114322349B true CN114322349B (en) | 2024-05-31 |
Family
ID=81049125
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202111474560.7A Active CN114322349B (en) | 2021-12-03 | 2021-12-03 | Direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114322349B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114791203B (en) * | 2022-05-23 | 2024-02-20 | 浙江大学 | Hydrogen and helium throttling liquefaction system adopting direct current at cold end and hot end of regenerative refrigerator |
| CN117516025A (en) * | 2022-07-29 | 2024-02-06 | 山前（珠海）医疗科技有限公司 | Ultralow temperature storage system |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6332324B1 (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2001-12-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Cryostat and magnetism measurement apparatus using the cryostat |
| CN106642837A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江大学 | Regenerative refrigerator with built-in liquefier |
| CN213040803U (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-04-23 | 同济大学 | Efficient liquefaction system of regenerative refrigerator adopting direct current |
| CN216897891U (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-07-05 | 同济大学 | Low-temperature storage system cooled by regenerative refrigerator coupled with direct current |
-
2021
- 2021-12-03 CN CN202111474560.7A patent/CN114322349B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6332324B1 (en) * | 1998-06-12 | 2001-12-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Cryostat and magnetism measurement apparatus using the cryostat |
| CN106642837A (en) * | 2016-09-28 | 2017-05-10 | 浙江大学 | Regenerative refrigerator with built-in liquefier |
| CN213040803U (en) * | 2020-08-25 | 2021-04-23 | 同济大学 | Efficient liquefaction system of regenerative refrigerator adopting direct current |
| CN216897891U (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-07-05 | 同济大学 | Low-temperature storage system cooled by regenerative refrigerator coupled with direct current |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114322349A (en) | 2022-04-12 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103062951B (en) | Low-temperature J-T (Joule-Thomson) throttling cooler precooled by Stirling/pulse tube composite type cooler | |
| US8671698B2 (en) | Gas liquifier | |
| CN114322349B (en) | Direct-current coupled regenerative refrigerator cooled cryogenic storage system | |
| CN1336530A (en) | Operation system for low temp. liquid storage tank | |
| US20230107973A1 (en) | Dilution refrigeration device and method | |
| KR102336892B1 (en) | Hydrogen reliquefaction system | |
| CN110748786B (en) | Industrial liquid hydrogen storage device based on argon, nitrogen and positive hydrogen three-level heat preservation | |
| CN114704765B (en) | Hydrogen liquefaction and boil-off gas recondensation system based on cryocooler | |
| CN113030367A (en) | Device for testing catalytic performance of catalyst for reaction of para-hydrogen | |
| CN103047788B (en) | J-T throttling refrigeration circulating system driven by low-temperature linear compressor | |
| US20050284154A1 (en) | System and method for storing hydrogen at cryogenic temperature | |
| CN113803905B (en) | Efficient precooling and liquefying system of gap type refrigerator | |
| CN100416880C (en) | Multi-stage refrigeration of high-temp. superconducting | |
| CN216897891U (en) | Low-temperature storage system cooled by regenerative refrigerator coupled with direct current | |
| CN1223786C (en) | Gasification device for cold storage type low-temperature liquid | |
| CN116447502A (en) | Heat insulation system for liquid hydrogen storage tank | |
| CN203132192U (en) | J-T throttle cooling cycle system driven by low-temperature linear compressor | |
| CN203231579U (en) | Low temperature J-T throttling cryocooler precooled by a stirling /pulse tube composite cryocooler | |
| JP2024045087A (en) | Liquid helium transfer device with reduced transfer loss | |
| CN217303237U (en) | Efficient precooling and liquefying system of clearance type refrigerating machine | |
| CN116447500A (en) | Heat insulation system for cascade utilization of liquid hydrogen cold energy | |
| CN116447503A (en) | Heat insulation device of liquid hydrogen storage tank | |
| JP2024530575A (en) | Systems and methods with boil-off management for liquefied gas storage - Patents.com | |
| KR102716054B1 (en) | Apparatus for testing liquefied hydrogen valve | |
| KR102639944B1 (en) | Apparatus for testing liquefied hydrogen valve |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |