CN103267383A - Free-piston pulse tube refrigerator using all-carbon aerogel regenerative filler - Google Patents
Free-piston pulse tube refrigerator using all-carbon aerogel regenerative filler Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a free-piston pulse tube refrigerator using all-carbon aerogel regenerative filler. The free-piston pulse tube refrigerator comprises a plurality of pulse tube refrigerator units coupled through a thermal bridge. At least one of the pulse tube refrigerator tubes comprises a compressor, a regenerator, a cold-end heat exchanger, a pulse tube and a pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger, wherein the parts are connected in sequence, a free piston system comprising a spring and a free piston is disposed in the pulse tube, the free piston is connected with the pulse tube hot-end heat exchanger through the spring, and the free piston is made of an aerogel column which is in hermetic fit with the pulse tube. The low temperature end of the regenerator of the lowermost-temperature pulse tube refrigerator unit among the pulse tube refrigerator units is filled with an all-carbon aerogel layer. The all-carbon aerogel layers more than 95% in porosity and high in adsorptive capacity are filled in the regenerators of the pulse tube refrigerator, the free pistons of the pule tube refrigerator are made of aerogel material, and accordingly efficient cryogenic refrigeration is achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of regenerating type low-temperature refrigerator, especially relate to a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler.
Background technology
The liquid helium warm area has indispensable important function in fields such as national defense and military, energy medical treatment, Aero-Space, low-temperature physics.Since Dutch physicist Kamerlingh.Onnes realized the liquefaction of helium first in 1908, liquid helium warm area (4K) was emphasis and the difficult point of cryogenic engineering area research always.Simultaneously, particularly since the eighties in 20th century, human had higher technology and performance requirement to the profound hypothermia Refrigeration Technique, and to efficient, reliability, the volume and weight of Cryo Refrigerator, and vibration etc. has proposed more and more harsher requirement.
Vascular refrigerator is proposed in 1964 by Gifford and Longsworth, there is not moving component in it at cold junction, have high reliability and long-life potential advantages, through the development of nearly half a century, vascular refrigerator has been widely used in fields such as Aero-Space, low-temperature superconducting at present.According to the difference of drive source, vascular refrigerator mainly is divided into low frequency vascular refrigerator (also claiming the G-M vascular refrigerator) and high-frequency vascular refrigerator (also claiming the Stirling vascular refrigerator); The low frequency vascular refrigerator is by the driven compressor of G-M refrigeration machine, and its operating frequency is generally 1～2Hz, and high-frequency vascular refrigerator is driven by Linearkompressor, and its operating frequency is generally more than 30Hz.
The minimum temperature that present low frequency vascular refrigerator can obtain is 1.3K, has realized the commercial applications of liquid helium and above warm area, but its efficient at the liquid helium warm area very low (need import the electric work of 6～10kW in the refrigerating capacity of 4.2K acquisition 1W); And compare with the low frequency vascular refrigerator, high-frequency vascular refrigerator has compact conformation, efficient height, a series of advantages such as in light weight, and it is ripe relatively in the technology of 35K and above warm area, be widely used in the Aero-Space task of above-mentioned warm area at present, (＜10K) efficient is still extremely low but high-frequency vascular refrigerator is in profound hypothermia.Cause the main cause of profound hypothermia warm area vascular refrigerator inefficiency to be:
(1) volumetric specific heat capacity of helium sharply increases at the following warm area of 15K, and backheat filler commonly used is (as lead shot, materials such as stainless steel) specific heat capacity then significantly descends, though magnetic backheat filler (Er3Ni, GOS etc.) has higher volumetric specific heat capacity peak value, but this peak value also only exists in its phase transition temperature zone, thereby the efficient that causes the profound hypothermia regenerator sharply reduces (as shown in Figure 4), and then cause liquid helium temperature pulse tube refrigeration engine efficiency extremely low, (＜backheat the filler that 10K) has a high specific heat capacity is a key that solves current liquid helium warm area vascular refrigerator inefficiency so seek under profound hypothermia.
(2) expansion work of working medium causes the intrinsic conversion efficiency of vascular refrigerator to be lower than Carnot efficiency to vascular refrigerator in the vascular because employing passive type phase modulation device (as inertia tube/air reservoir, aperture valve etc.) can't reclaim, so recovery sound merit becomes another key that improves the pulse tube refrigeration engine efficiency.
The regenerator of pulse tube refrigeration agent generally adopts stainless (steel) wire or lead shot as the backheat filler, application number is that the patent documentation of CN200910100286.X discloses a kind of high-frequency heat regenerator and refrigeration machine thereof that adopts stainless steel fibre regenerative material, the high-frequency heat regenerator that adopts stainless steel fibre regenerative material is to be filled with the silk footpath to be the stainless steel fibre formation high-frequency heat regenerator of 2mm-15mm in stainless steel tube, operating frequency at the 300-80K warm area is 150HZ-1000HZ, is 100HZ-1000HZ in the operating frequency of 80K-35K warm area.This novel high-frequency heat regenerator not only can be applied to 80K warm area single-stage pulse tube refrigerator, also can be applied in the multistage thermal coupling of 35K warm area or gas coupling vascular refrigerator.Stainless steel fibre has the silk footpath littler than traditional stainless steel cloth, can form littler fluid passage, can so that regenerator at the 300K-80K warm area, under the high frequency operating mode of 150-1000HZ, perhaps at the 80K-35K warm area, under the high frequency operating mode of 100-1000HZ, efficient operation.But as mentioned above, under profound hypothermia (＜10K) specific heat capacity of this regenerative material then can significantly descend, and has then influenced the refrigerating efficiency of regenerator and vascular refrigerator greatly.
Aeroge is the material that a kind of appearance with loose structure is the solid shape, density is minimum, can obtain 95% and reach above porosity, has stronger adsorption capacity, the density of the lightest full carbon aerogels only is 0.16 milligram/cubic centimetre on the our times, has extraordinary mechanical property simultaneously, can restore to the original state when volume compression to 20%, and having heat-proof quality preferably, the preparation of aeroge and application become current research focus.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler, porosity can reach more than 95% by being filled with in the regenerator of vascular refrigerator, the full carbon aerogels layer of high adsorption capacity and utilize aerogel material to make the free-piston of vascular refrigerator, to reach the high effect of refrigerating efficiency under profound hypothermia.
A kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler, comprise a plurality of vascular refrigerators unit by the heat bridge coupling, in a plurality of vascular refrigerators unit at least one comprises compression set, regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, vascular and the vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively, vascular is built-in with a free-piston system, this free-piston system comprises spring and free-piston, and free-piston links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger by spring; Described free-piston is to be made of the aeroge post, and this aeroge post cooperates with the vascular clearance seal; The low-temperature end of the regenerator of the minimum temperature level vascular refrigerator unit in a plurality of vascular refrigerators unit is filled with full carbon aerogels layer, and wherein, the low-temperature end of described regenerator refers to that regenerator is in the part of 10K and the following operation temperature area of 10K.
Described free-piston can adopt dismountable mechanical connection or utilize chemical glue to be connected with spring.
The length of described aeroge post is the 1/3-1/2 of vascular length.
Described aeroge post is cylindric.
When the free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler comprises a plurality of vascular refrigerators unit, arrange from high to low successively by cryogenic temperature in the vascular refrigerator unit.
Working fluid in the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of described employing filler is helium.
As a kind of technical scheme, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler, described vascular refrigerator unit is two, be divided into first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, the compression set that adopts in first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is the low frequency compressor bank; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level low-temperature zone regenerator;
First order cool end heat exchanger by being connected first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit between described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and the heat bridge between the precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger of the second level carry out thermal coupling;
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level low frequency compressor bank, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively, described second level vascular is built-in with second level free-piston, second level free-piston system is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston links to each other with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
The low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer; Described second level free-piston is to be made of the second level aeroge post with second level vascular matched in clearance.
Described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit comprises first order low frequency compressor bank, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger and the first order phase modulating mechanism that connects successively.
Described first order phase modulating mechanism comprises: first order air reservoir, by being communicated with of pipeline and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; The little ports valve of the first order is located on the pipeline between described first order air reservoir and the described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; First order bidirection air intake valve, the pipeline connection between an end and described first order low frequency compressor bank and the first order regenerator, the pipeline connection between the little ports valve of the other end and the first order and the described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger.
First order phase modulating mechanism also can adopt other phase modulating mechanisms with identical phase modulation function, is used for the interior mass flow of corresponding regenerator and the adjustment of pressure wave phase place, guarantees the stable and high effective operation of system.
Described low frequency compressor bank consist of prior art, generally comprise compressor, level aftercooler, compressor low-pressure control valve and compressor high pressure control valve etc.
Described full carbon aerogels layer is positioned at the low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator, the height of full carbon aerogels layer, need determine that it is 10K and the following part of 10K that full carbon aerogels layer need be in the regenerator operation temperature area according to the temperature in low-temperature zone regenerator real work district, the second level.During actual the filling, need at first to determine according to analog computation, determine the Temperature Distribution that this regenerator is axial according to analog computation, fill the full carbon aerogels layer of certain altitude then according to Temperature Distribution.
Thereby because can producing the direct current effect, bidirection air intake causes the fluctuation of vascular refrigerator cold junction temperature and performance degradation, the phase modulation apparatus of little ports valve/air reservoir occupies bigger space simultaneously, and the passive type phase modulation mode that above-mentioned first order precooling level vascular refrigerator adopts can't provide optimum phase angle for regenerator, so the efficient of first order precooling level vascular refrigerator is restricted.
As a kind of technical scheme, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler, described vascular refrigerator unit is two, be divided into first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, the compression set that adopts in first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is the low frequency compressor bank; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level low-temperature zone regenerator;
First order cool end heat exchanger by being connected first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit between described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and the heat bridge between the precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger of the second level carry out thermal coupling;
Described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit comprises first order low frequency compressor bank, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular, the first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively; Described first order vascular is built-in with first order free-piston system, and first order free-piston system is made up of first order free-piston and first order spring, and first order free-piston links to each other with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger by first order spring;
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level low frequency compressor bank, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively; Described second level vascular is built-in with second level free-piston system, and free-piston system in the second level is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston links to each other with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
The low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer; Described first order free-piston is to be made of the first order aeroge post with first order vascular matched in clearance, and described second level free-piston is to be made of the second level aeroge post with second level vascular matched in clearance.
The low frequency compressor bank consist of prior art, generally comprise compressor, level aftercooler, low-pressure control valve and high pressure control valve etc.
Described full carbon aerogels layer is positioned at the low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator, the height of full carbon aerogels layer, need determine that it is 10K and the following part of 10K that full carbon aerogels layer need be in second level low-temperature zone regenerator operation temperature area according to the temperature in regenerator real work district.During actual the filling, need at first to determine according to analog computation, determine the Temperature Distribution that this regenerator is axial according to analog computation, fill the full carbon aerogels layer of certain altitude then according to Temperature Distribution.
When adopting the low frequency compressor bank, generally adopt two-layer configuration can reach 10K and the following operation temperature area of 10K.When adopting the high frequency compressor bank, for example when adopting Linearkompressor, under the condition, two-layer configuration is difficult to reach 10K and the following operation temperature area of 10K, so in order to guarantee the more effective work of regenerator of the present invention, below adopt tertiary structure at present.
As a kind of technical scheme, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler, described vascular refrigerator unit is three, is divided into first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit; The compression set that adopts in described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and the third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is Linearkompressor; The regenerator of described second level precooling vascular refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator; The regenerator of described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the third level first precooling zone regenerator, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the third level second precooling zone regenerator, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, third level low-temperature zone regenerator;
Described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit comprises first order Linearkompressor, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular and the first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively, first order vascular is built-in with first order free-piston system, first order free-piston system is made up of first order free-piston and first order spring, and first order free-piston links to each other with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger by first order spring;
Described second level precooling vascular refrigerator unit comprises second level Linearkompressor, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively, second level vascular is built-in with second level piston system, second level free-piston system is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston cloth links to each other with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
Described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the third level Linearkompressor that connects successively, the third level first precooling zone regenerator, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the third level second precooling zone regenerator, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, third level low-temperature zone regenerator, third level cool end heat exchanger, third level vascular and third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger, wherein, third level vascular is built-in with third level piston system, third level free-piston system is made up of third level free-piston and third level spring, and third level free-piston links to each other with third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by third level spring;
Described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit, precooling vascular refrigerator unit, the second level and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit are by being connected the first order cool end heat exchanger of first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit, first order heat bridge between second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger carries out a thermal coupling, and the second level heat bridge of precooling vascular refrigerator unit, the second level and the third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit second level cool end heat exchanger by being connected the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and precooling vascular refrigerator unit, the second level carries out the secondary thermal coupling;
The low-temperature end of described third level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer, described first order free-piston is to be made of the first order aeroge post with first order vascular matched in clearance, described second level free-piston is to be made of the second level aeroge post with second level vascular matched in clearance, and described third level free-piston is to be made of the third level aeroge post with third level vascular matched in clearance.
For ease of processing with install, can adopt other phase modulating mechanism to replace described first order free-piston system, second level free-piston system as required.Wherein, the height of full carbon aerogels layer need be determined according to the temperature in third level low-temperature zone regenerator real work district, and it is 10K and the following part of 10K that full carbon aerogels layer need be in this regenerator operation temperature area.During actual the filling, need at first to determine according to analog computation, determine the Temperature Distribution that this regenerator is axial according to analog computation, fill the full carbon aerogels layer of certain altitude then according to Temperature Distribution.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:
(1) the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of employing of the present invention filler, at first, fill the full carbon aerogels layer with high porosity and surface area/volume ratio by the low-temperature end (being less than or equal to 10K) at regenerator, utilize full carbon aerogels stronger adsorption capacity under low temperature and high pressure, because helium is higher at the volumetric specific heat capacity of liquid helium warm area, also has higher volumetric specific heat capacity so adsorbed the full carbon aerogels (4-10K) in wider temperature range of helium, has stability preferably simultaneously, it is a kind of very excellent profound hypothermia warm area backheat filler, compare with the regenerator that uses traditional backheat filler (as terres rares magnetic regenerative material etc.), adopt full carbon aerogels can obtain to have higher efficient as the regenerator of backheat filler, thereby improved the performance of vascular refrigerator under dark low Warm.
(2) the present invention replaces the gas piston in the vascular refrigerator by arrange the free-piston that is made of the aeroge post in the vascular of vascular refrigerator, realize the recovery of expansion work in the vascular, and then the raising of realization vascular refrigerator intrinsic refrigeration performance, compare with current passive phase-regulating vascular refrigerator, the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of employing aeroge can reclaim the expansion work in the vascular, compact conformation simultaneously; Compare with the vascular refrigerator that adopts hot junction decompressor or spring oscillator, this kind vascular refrigerator is simple in structure, because aeroge has heat-insulating property preferably, can effectively reduce shuttle back and forth loss and gas conductive heat loss in the vascular simultaneously, thereby further improve the efficient of vascular refrigerator.
The present invention can make vascular refrigerator efficient operation under profound hypothermia on the basis of comprehensive above-mentioned two major advantages.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation of embodiment of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of employing of the present invention filler.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of another kind of embodiment of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of employing of the present invention filler.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of another embodiment of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of employing of the present invention filler.
Fig. 4 is the volumetric specific heat capacity of multiple material and the relation between the temperature.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail, should be understood that followingly only as exemplary, do not limit the scope of the invention.
With reference to Fig. 1, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler, comprise two vascular refrigerator unit by heat bridge TB thermal coupling, be respectively first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit: first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit is by first order compressor C1, first order level aftercooler AC1, first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1, first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1, first order regenerator RG1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 and first order phase modulating mechanism are formed, and first order phase modulating mechanism comprises first order bidirection air intake valve DO1, first order aperture valve O1, first order air reservoir R1; Second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is made up of high stage compressor C2, second level level aftercooler AC2, high stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV2, high stage compressor high pressure control valve HV2, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level free-piston FP2, second level spring S2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7.
Wherein, low-temperature end at second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22 is filled with full carbon aerogels layer RG23, the height of full carbon aerogels layer RG23 need determine according to the realistic simulation experiment, full carbon aerogels layer RG23 be in the low-temperature zone regenerator RG22 of the second level operation temperature area in 10K and the part below the 10K.Concrete assembly method is: evenly fill the full carbon aerogels material of certain altitude in the stainless steel tube of second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, two ends seal with fine and close hard silk screen and constitute second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22.
Second level free-piston FP2 be arranged in the vascular PT2 of the second level and with second level vascular PT2 matched in clearance, link to each other with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 by second level spring S2, second level free-piston FP2 is made of second level aeroge post, second level aeroge post is cylindric, diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of second level vascular PT2, and length is the 1/3-1/2 of second level vascular PT2 length.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows: first order compressor C1, first order level aftercooler AC1, first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1 and first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1 contact successively and form the closed circuit of first order low frequency compressor bank; Pipeline connection between the entrance of first order regenerator RG1 and first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1 and the first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1; The outlet of first order regenerator RG1 is communicated with first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, first order aperture valve O1 and first order air reservoir R1 import by pipeline successively; Pipeline connection between first order bidirection air intake valve DO1 one end and first order regenerator RG1 and the first order low frequency compressor bank, the pipeline connection between the first order bidirection air intake valve DO1 other end and first order aperture valve O1 and the first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3.High stage compressor C2, second level level aftercooler AC2, high stage compressor high pressure control valve HV2 and high stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV2 are communicated with formation second level low frequency compressor bank successively; Second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 is connected with second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 successively by pipeline, second level free-piston FP2 is arranged in the vascular PT2 of the second level, links to each other with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 by second level spring S2; Carry out thermal coupling by the heat bridge TB that is connected first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 between first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, realize the precooling of first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5.
The running of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of the employing of present embodiment filler is:
Starting stage, first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1, first order compressor septum valve HV1 all is in closed condition, gas becomes high temperature and high pressure gas after compressing through first order compressor C1, high temperature and high pressure gas is flowed through and is cooled to room temperature behind the first order level aftercooler AC1, when gas pressure is higher than setting value, first order compressor septum valve HV1 opens, the high pressure room temperature air is from first order compressor high pressure valve HV1 outflow and be divided into two strands, one is by first order regenerator RG1 and carry out the heat exchange temperature with wherein filler and reduce and enter in the follow-up associated components, another strand enters in the follow-up associated components by first order bidirection air intake valve DO1, make whole system all be in high pressure conditions, first order compressor septum valve HV1 closes then, first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1 opens, gas is divided into two strands from first order air reservoir R1 through first order aperture valve O1, one gets back to first order compressor C1 from first order bidirection air intake valve DO1 by first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1, another stock-traders' know-how is crossed first order vascular PT1, first order regenerator RG1 finally gets back to first order compressor C1 by first order compressor low pressure modulating valve LV1, finish a circulation thus, in cyclic process, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, produce refrigeration effect thus, first order cold takes out the gas that enters second level low-temperature zone regenerator in order to precooling by heat bridge TB from first order cool end heat exchanger HX2.
Starting stage, high stage compressor low pressure modulating valve LV2, high stage compressor septum valve HV2 all is in closed condition, gas becomes high temperature and high pressure gas after compressing through high stage compressor C2, high temperature and high pressure gas is flowed through and is cooled to room temperature behind the level aftercooler AC2 of the second level, when gas pressure is higher than setting value, high stage compressor septum valve HV2 opens, the high pressure room temperature air enters second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 and is cooled to first order cryogenic temperature at the second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 that its cold junction is connected with heat bridge TB from high stage compressor high pressure valve HV2, enter then in the follow-up associated components, gases at high pressure among the vascular PT2 of the second level are stored in the free-piston FP2 of the second level the work done during compression that second level free-piston FP2 compresses gas, make whole system all be in high pressure conditions, high stage compressor septum valve HV2 closes then, high stage compressor low pressure modulating valve LV2 opens, gas from vascular hot junction, second level regenerator HX7 through second level vascular PT2, second level free-piston FP2, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 finally gets back to high stage compressor C2 by high stage compressor low pressure modulating valve LV2, second level free-piston FP2 discharges in the work done during compression that periods of low pressure stores within it in high pressure phase, finish a circulation thus, in cyclic process, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, produces refrigeration effect thus.
With reference to Fig. 2, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler, its structure is similar to free-piston type vascular refrigerator shown in the embodiment 1, be to have arranged first order free-piston FP1 in the first order vascular PT1 in the first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit with the difference of embodiment 1, first order free-piston FP1 is connected with the first vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 by first order spring S1, first order free-piston FP1 be by first order aeroge post constitute and with first order vascular PT1 matched in clearance, first order aeroge post is cylindric, and length is the 1/3-1/2 of first order vascular PT1.Omitted the first order phase modulating mechanism in the first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit simultaneously.
Concrete annexation is as follows: first order compressor C1, first order level aftercooler AC1, first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1 and first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1 contact successively and form the closed circuit of first order low frequency compressor bank; Pipeline connection between the entrance of first order regenerator RG1 and first order compressor high pressure control valve HV1 and the first order compressor low-pressure control valve LV1; The outlet of first order regenerator RG1 is connected with first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by pipeline successively, be furnished with first order free-piston FP1 in the first order vascular PT1, it links to each other with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by first order spring S1; High stage compressor C2, second level level aftercooler AC2, high stage compressor high pressure control valve HV2 and high stage compressor low-pressure control valve LV2 are communicated with formation second level low frequency compressor bank successively; Second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 is connected with second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 successively by pipeline, second level free-piston FP2 is arranged in the vascular PT2 of the second level, links to each other with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 by second level spring S2; Carry out thermal coupling by the heat bridge TB that is connected first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 between first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, realize the precooling of first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5.
Since adopted in the first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit can recovery sound merit first order free-piston FP1, can realize the raising of first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit performance, and then for the efficient operation of second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit provides more excellent pre-cold and precooling temperature, finally realize the efficient operation of complete machine.
Embodiment 3
With reference to Fig. 3, a kind of free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler comprises first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit by first order heat bridge TB1 and second level heat bridge TB2 thermal coupling; First order precooling vascular refrigerator unit is made up of first order Linearkompressor C ' 1, first order regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, first order regenerator RG1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order free-piston FP1, first order spring S1 and first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3; Second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is made up of second level Linearkompressor C ' 2, second level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX4, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level free-piston FP2, second level spring S2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7; Third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is by third level Linearkompressor C ' 3, third level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX8, the third level first precooling zone regenerator RG31, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9, the third level second precooling zone regenerator RG32, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10, third level low-temperature zone regenerator RG33, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level vascular PT3, third level free-piston FP3, third level spring S3 and third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12 form.The low-temperature end of third level low-temperature zone regenerator RG33, namely operation temperature area has full carbon aerogels layer at 10K and partially filled below the 10K, and the requirement of full carbon aerogels layer and specification are with embodiment 1.
The annexation of above-mentioned each parts is as follows: first order Linearkompressor C ' 1 by pipeline successively with first order regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, first order regenerator RG1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 is communicated with, first order free-piston FP1 be arranged in the first order vascular PT1 and with first order vascular PT1 matched in clearance, it links to each other with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 by first order spring S1, first order free-piston FP1 is made of first order aeroge post, first order aeroge post is cylindric, diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of first order vascular PT1, and length is about the 1/3-1/2 of first order vascular PT1 length; Second level Linearkompressor C ' 2 by pipeline successively with second level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX4, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2 and second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 are communicated with, second level free-piston FP2 be arranged in the vascular PT2 of the second level and with second level vascular PT2 matched in clearance, it links to each other with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 by second level spring S2, second level free-piston FP2 is made of second level aeroge post, second level aeroge post is cylindric, diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of second level vascular PT2, and length is about the 1/3-1/2 of second level vascular PT2 length; Third level Linearkompressor C ' 3 by pipeline successively with third level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX8, the third level first precooling zone regenerator RG31, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9, the third level second precooling zone regenerator RG32, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10, third level low-temperature zone regenerator RG33, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level vascular PT3 and third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12 are communicated with, third level free-piston FP3 be arranged in the third level vascular PT3 and with third level vascular PT3 matched in clearance, it links to each other with third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12 by third level spring S3, third level free-piston FP3 is made of third level aeroge post, third level aeroge post is cylindric, diameter is slightly less than the internal diameter of third level vascular PT2, and length is about the 1/3-1/2 of third level vascular PT2 length.First order cool end heat exchanger HX2, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 and the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9 first order heat bridge TB1 respectively connect, and the second level cool end heat exchanger HX6 of the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10 and precooling vascular refrigerator unit, the second level is connected with second level heat bridge TB2 respectively.
The course of work of the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat filler of this embodiment is:
At high pressure phase, flow through through the high temperature and high pressure gas of first order Linearkompressor C ' 1 compression and to be cooled to room temperature behind the first order regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX1, then with first order regenerator RG1 in the backheat filler carry out heat exchange, temperature reduces, flow through successively then first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order vascular PT1, first order free-piston FP1 and first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3, first order free-piston FP1 stores within it by the work done during compression of deformation with gas at high pressure phase; Enter low pressure cycle then, the gas first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX3 that flows through successively, first order free-piston FP1, first order vascular PT1, first order cool end heat exchanger HX2, first order regenerator RG1 gets back to and finishes a circulation among the first order Linearkompressor C ' 1, first order free-piston FP1 stores the recovery that within it work done during compression discharges to realize merit in high pressure phase in periods of low pressure, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 in cyclic process, thereby produce refrigeration effect at first order cool end heat exchanger HX2 place, the refrigerating capacity at this place provides precooling by the second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 that is connected with first order heat bridge TB1 respectively and the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9 for second level vascular refrigerator and third level vascular refrigerator.
At high pressure phase, flow through through the high temperature and high pressure gas of second level Linearkompressor C ' 2 compression and to be cooled to room temperature behind the regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX4 of the second level, then with second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 in the backheat filler carry out heat exchange, temperature reduces, be cooled to the cold junction temperature of first order vascular refrigerator then at precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX5 place, the second level, the cryogenic gas second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22 that flows through successively then, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level vascular PT2, second level free-piston FP2 enters second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7, and second level free-piston FP2 stores within it by the work done during compression of deformation with gas at high pressure phase; Enter low pressure cycle then, gas from second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX7 successively through second level free-piston FP2, second level vascular PT2, second level cool end heat exchanger HX6, second level low-temperature zone regenerator RG22, second level precooling zone regenerator RG21 gets back to and finishes a circulation among the second level Linearkompressor C ' 2, second level free-piston FP2 stores the recovery that within it work done during compression discharges to realize merit in high pressure phase in periods of low pressure, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover second level cool end heat exchanger HX6 in cyclic process, thereby produce refrigeration effect at cool end heat exchanger HX6 place, the second level, the refrigerating capacity at this place provides precooling by the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10 that is connected with second level heat bridge TB2 for third level vascular refrigerator.
At high pressure phase, flow through through the high temperature and high pressure gas of third level Linearkompressor C ' 3 compressions and to be cooled to room temperature behind the third level regenerator hot end heat exchanger HX8, then with the third level first precooling zone regenerator RG31 in the backheat filler carry out heat exchange, temperature reduces, be cooled to the cold junction temperature of first order vascular refrigerator at the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX9 place, gas enters the third level second precooling zone regenerator RG32 and carries out heat exchange with wherein backheat filler then, temperature reduces, be cooled to the cold junction temperature of second level vascular refrigerator at the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger HX10 place, the third level low-temperature zone of flowing through successively then regenerator RG33, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level vascular PT3, third level free-piston FP3 enters third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12, and third level free-piston FP3 stores within it by the work done during compression of deformation with gas at high pressure phase; Enter low pressure cycle then, gas passes through third level free-piston FP3 successively from third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger HX12, third level vascular PT3, third level cool end heat exchanger HX11, third level low-temperature zone regenerator RG33, the third level second precooling zone regenerator RG32, the third level first precooling zone regenerator RG31 gets back to and finishes a circulation among the third level Linearkompressor C ' 3, third level free-piston FP3 stores the recovery that within it work done during compression discharges to realize merit in high pressure phase in periods of low pressure, there is the temperature difference in the gas of turnover third level cool end heat exchanger HX11 in cyclic process, thereby produces refrigeration effect at third level cool end heat exchanger HX11 place.
Claims (6)
1. free-piston type vascular refrigerator that adopts full carbon aerogels backheat filler, comprise a plurality of vascular refrigerators unit by the heat bridge coupling, in a plurality of vascular refrigerators unit at least one comprises compression set, regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, vascular and the vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively, it is characterized in that, described vascular is built-in with a free-piston system, this free-piston system comprises spring and free-piston, and free-piston links to each other with vascular hot-side heat exchanger by spring; Described free-piston is to be made of the aeroge post, and this aeroge post cooperates with the vascular clearance seal; The low-temperature end of the regenerator of the minimum temperature level vascular refrigerator unit in a plurality of vascular refrigerators unit is filled with full carbon aerogels layer, and wherein, the low-temperature end of described regenerator refers to that regenerator is in the part of 10K and the following operation temperature area of 10K.
2. the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of employing according to claim 1 filler, it is characterized in that: the length of described aeroge post is the 1/3-1/2 of vascular length.
3. the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of employing according to claim 1 filler, it is characterized in that: described vascular refrigerator unit is two, be divided into first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, the compression set that adopts in first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is the low frequency compressor bank; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level low-temperature zone regenerator;
First order cool end heat exchanger by being connected first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit between described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and the heat bridge between the precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger of the second level carry out thermal coupling;
Described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit comprises first order low frequency compressor bank, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular, first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger and the first order phase modulating mechanism that connects successively;
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level low frequency compressor bank, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively, described second level vascular is built-in with second level free-piston, second level free-piston system is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston links to each other with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
The low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer; Described second level free-piston is to be made of the second level aeroge post with second level vascular matched in clearance.
4. the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of employing according to claim 3 filler is characterized in that, described first order phase modulating mechanism comprises: first order air reservoir, by being communicated with of pipeline and described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; The little ports valve of the first order is located on the pipeline between described first order air reservoir and the described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger; First order bidirection air intake valve, the pipeline connection between an end and described first order low frequency compressor bank and the first order regenerator, the pipeline connection between the little ports valve of the other end and the first order and the described first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger.
5. the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of employing according to claim 1 filler, it is characterized in that: described vascular refrigerator unit is two, be divided into first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit, the compression set that adopts in first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is the low frequency compressor bank; The regenerator of described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and second level low-temperature zone regenerator;
First order cool end heat exchanger by being connected first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit between described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit and the second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and the heat bridge between the precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger of the second level carry out thermal coupling;
Described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit comprises first order low frequency compressor bank, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular, the first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively; Described first order vascular is built-in with first order free-piston system, and first order free-piston system is made up of first order free-piston and first order spring, and first order free-piston links to each other with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger by first order spring;
Described second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises second level low frequency compressor bank, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively; Described second level vascular is built-in with second level free-piston system, and free-piston system in the second level is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston links to each other with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
The low-temperature end of described second level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer; Described first order free-piston is to be made of the first order aeroge post with first order vascular matched in clearance, and described second level free-piston is to be made of the second level aeroge post with second level vascular matched in clearance.
6. the free-piston type vascular refrigerator of the full carbon aerogels backheat of employing according to claim 1 filler, it is characterized in that: described vascular refrigerator unit is three, is divided into first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit; The compression set that adopts in described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit, second level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit and the third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit is Linearkompressor; The regenerator of described second level precooling vascular refrigerator unit comprises second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator; The regenerator of described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the third level first precooling zone regenerator, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the third level second precooling zone regenerator, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, third level low-temperature zone regenerator;
Described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit comprises first order Linearkompressor, first order regenerator, first order cool end heat exchanger, first order vascular and the first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively, first order vascular is built-in with first order free-piston system, first order free-piston system is made up of first order free-piston and first order spring, and first order free-piston links to each other with first order vascular hot-side heat exchanger by first order spring;
Described second level precooling vascular refrigerator unit comprises second level Linearkompressor, second level precooling zone regenerator, second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, second level low-temperature zone regenerator, second level cool end heat exchanger, second level vascular and the second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger that connects successively, second level vascular is built-in with second level piston system, second level free-piston system is made up of second level free-piston and second level spring, and second level free-piston links to each other with second level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by second level spring;
Described third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit comprises the third level Linearkompressor that connects successively, the third level first precooling zone regenerator, the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, the third level second precooling zone regenerator, the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger, third level low-temperature zone regenerator, third level cool end heat exchanger, third level vascular and third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger, wherein, third level vascular is built-in with third level piston system, third level free-piston system is made up of third level free-piston and third level spring, and third level free-piston links to each other with third level vascular hot-side heat exchanger by third level spring;
Described first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit, precooling vascular refrigerator unit, the second level and third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit are by being connected the first order cool end heat exchanger of first order precooling vascular refrigerator unit, first order heat bridge between second level precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and the third level first precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger carries out a thermal coupling, and the second level heat bridge of precooling vascular refrigerator unit, the second level and the third level low temperature pulse tubes refrigerator unit second level cool end heat exchanger by being connected the third level second precooling zone regenerator cool end heat exchanger and precooling vascular refrigerator unit, the second level carries out the secondary thermal coupling;
The low-temperature end of described third level low-temperature zone regenerator is filled with full carbon aerogels layer, described first order free-piston is to be made of the first order aeroge post with first order vascular matched in clearance, described second level free-piston is to be made of the second level aeroge post with second level vascular matched in clearance, and described third level free-piston is to be made of the third level aeroge post with third level vascular matched in clearance.
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| CN105485956A (en) * | 2016-01-05 | 2016-04-13 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Cascade heat regeneration type refrigerator |
| CN105737430A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-06 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Impedance-adjustable type refrigerating machine |
| CN113803905A (en) * | 2021-07-20 | 2021-12-17 | 同济大学 | Efficient precooling and liquefying system of clearance type refrigerating machine |
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