CN216639406U - Bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace - Google Patents
Bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN216639406U CN216639406U CN202220086247.XU CN202220086247U CN216639406U CN 216639406 U CN216639406 U CN 216639406U CN 202220086247 U CN202220086247 U CN 202220086247U CN 216639406 U CN216639406 U CN 216639406U
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Abstract
A bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasifier comprises: the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body, a biomass bin, a spiral feeder, a distributing machine, a water-cooling grate, a side slag discharging device, a slag discharging conveying and cold area system, a trapezoidal body wall and a hollow cavity, wherein the biomass bin, the spiral feeder and the distributing machine are arranged above the gasification furnace body; and a gasification air supply system is arranged below the gasification furnace body, and the gasification air supply system comprises: a plurality of air inlet pipes which are evenly distributed at the bottom of the furnace body and connecting pipes which are used for communicating the air inlet pipes, wherein the middle of each connecting pipe is communicated with an air blower through a pipeline. The gasification furnace enables biomass fuel to be uniformly distributed in the gasification furnace, particularly at the bottom of the gasification furnace, thereby avoiding the phenomenon of burning-through or flameout of bed material.
Description
[ technical field ] A
The utility model belongs to the field of biomass gasification equipment, relates to a gasification furnace, and particularly relates to a bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace.
[ background of the utility model ]
The biomass gasification furnace is divided according to furnace types and comprises: the gasification furnace comprises a fixed bed gasification furnace, a fluidized bed gasification furnace and an entrained flow bed gasification furnace, wherein the fixed bed gasification furnace has the advantages of simple structure and low investment cost, so the fixed bed gasification furnace is widely applied. The fixed bed gasification furnace can be divided into a horizontal type and a vertical type according to the external form; the physical and chemical reaction processes of the internal biomass are divided into an updraft type and a downdraft type, wherein the updraft type fixed bed has the following characteristics: 1. the horizontal updraft type biomass gasifier is applicable to biomass with water content of about 40%, 2, biomass gas ash content is lower, 3, the thermal efficiency of the gasifier is higher and 4, the height is lower, the height of a factory building can be obviously reduced, the maintenance and overhaul difficulty is reduced, and the investment and operation and maintenance cost of the whole project are reduced.
Horizontal fixed bed gasifier is when using, often can set up its cross section size according to actual demand, for example certain can gasify 5t/h agricultural fruit tree waste's horizontal gasifier of fixed bed, its cross section: length of 4-5m, width of 2-3m, and cross-sectional area of 8-15m2The large cross section area is very unfavorable for uniform distribution of biomass in the furnace, so that the phenomena of over-thick material layers in partial regions and over-thin material layers in partial regions are easily caused, the over-thin regions are easy to burn through the discharged bed materials, and the air flow rate is large; and the area with too thick material layer is easy to cause small air flow flux and low gasification strength. This results in gasification of the gasUnstable and discontinuous, and even the whole bed layer burns out or extinguishes in severe cases. Therefore, there is a need for a gasification furnace capable of uniformly distributing biomass fuel in the furnace body, especially in the furnace bottom.
[ Utility model ] content
In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a bottom-closed horizontal fixed bed gasifier, wherein the bottom is inclined to achieve that the sectional area of the bottom of the gasifier body is smaller than that of the top, so as to facilitate the uniform distribution of biomass fuel in the gasifier, especially at the bottom of the gasifier, and to avoid the occurrence of bed material burnthrough or flameout.
The utility model provides a bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace, which comprises: the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body, a biomass bin, a screw feeder, a distributing machine, a water-cooling grate, a side slag discharging device, a slag discharging conveying and cold area system, wherein the biomass bin, the screw feeder and the distributing machine are arranged above the gasification furnace body; and a gasification air supply system is arranged below the gasification furnace body, and the gasification air supply system comprises: the air inlet pipes are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the furnace body, and the connecting pipes are used for communicating the air inlet pipes, and the middle of each connecting pipe is communicated with the air blower through a pipeline; according to the biomass fuel gasification furnace, after falling into the gasification furnace body through the distributing machine, the biomass fuel falls to the bottom of the gasification furnace body, under the action of the trapezoid body wall, the material containing area at the bottom of the gasification furnace body is reduced, so that the ash layer and the oxidation layer are completely pressed by the biomass fuel, the biomass fuel is uniformly distributed at the bottom of the gasification furnace body, and the biomass fuel uniformly distributed at the bottom of the gasification furnace is pyrolyzed and gasified under the action of heat of the ash layer and the oxidation layer, so that the biomass fuel gas is more stably and continuously output, and the supply of gasification air can be accurately regulated by the gasification air supply system, so that the biomass fuel is stably pyrolyzed and gasified, and the output rate of the fuel gas is improved.
In particular, the width L of the discharge hole of the distributing machine1Is a small opening end width L of the trapezoid wall 21/3 ~ 1/2, so design, through the biomass fuel that the cloth machine relied on gravity whereabouts, the water-cooling grate that the trapezoidal body wall of more even paving transfers further prevents that the gasifier from appearing burning through or extinguishing the phenomenon, ensures the gasifier steady operation.
Particularly, as the gasifier body is higher and is made of metal materials, the condition of biomass fuel in the gasifier body is difficult to observe under general conditions, three material level meters are uniformly arranged on one side wall of the gasifier body from top to bottom, so that after the material level reaches the lowest material level meter, the external control system controls the screw feeder and the distributing machine to start feeding, and after the material level reaches the uppermost material level, the feeding is stopped, so that the gasifier can be ensured to continuously produce gas, and the stability is higher; because the gasifier body is higher in temperature during operation, the charge level indicator is a high-temperature-resistant rotary resistance type charge level indicator.
It is very much, another lateral wall of gasifier body is equipped with four rows of thermometers from top to bottom, every row of thermometer contains two thermometers along gasifier length distribution, so can detect this internal biomass fuel's of gasifier temperature through the thermometer, thereby through control system to the living beings feed bin of gasifier, screw feeder, the cloth machine, gasification wind feed system carries out the regulation and control, when the thermometer detects the temperature when higher, reduce the supply amount of gasification wind, on the contrary, when the temperature is higher, improve the supply amount of gasification wind, thereby accomplish the system monitoring and the regulation in this internal temperature field of gasifier.
Particularly, because the first material plate and the second material plate need to work normally, and are generally made of high temperature resistant metal materials, when the biomass gasification furnace works, the temperature of the biomass gasification furnace can rise, so that the first material plate and the second material plate can be burnt through, deformed and the like, and the service lives of the first material plate and the second material plate are reduced, therefore, one end of the hollow cavity is communicated with an external water source through a water inlet pipe, the other end of the hollow cavity is connected with a water discharge pipe, so that the first material plate and the second material plate can be cooled through entering cold water, the damage caused by overhigh temperature of the first material plate and the second material plate is avoided, meanwhile, when the biomass fuel is pyrolyzed and gasified, the temperature of generated ash is higher, the cold water is introduced into the hollow cavity, the temperature of the ash can be reduced, the rear end processing difficulty is reduced, the heat recovery of the ash is improved, and further, because the distance between the two first material plates is larger than the distance between the two second material plates, therefore, the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the first material plate, so that the distance between the water inlet and the water outlet is increased, the circulating water stays in the hollow wall body for a longer time, and the cooling effect is improved.
Particularly, the end part of the air inlet pipe extends upwards to form a bent pipe, the bent pipe can enable the entering direction of gasified air to face the biomass fuel side, the introduced gasified air can be enabled to completely act on the biomass fuel, the accurate control of the introduction amount of the gasified air is improved, the end part of the bent pipe is communicated with the air outlet pipe through a conical reducing pipe, the air outlet pipe is a circular pipeline, and the pipe wall of the air outlet pipe is provided with a plurality of circular ventilation openings, so that the gasified air can act on the biomass fuel along the side wall of the air outlet pipe at a constant speed; meanwhile, in the working process, some fine ash residues fall off, so that the air outlet pipe can be blocked, the top end of the air outlet pipe is connected with the gasification air cap, and the ash residues can be prevented from directly falling to the air outlet pipe and blocking the air outlet pipe through the design of the gasification air cap.
Particularly, because the horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace is generally in a long strip shape, the temperature of the biomass fuel in the horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace can be different along the length direction of the gasification furnace when the biomass fuel is pyrolyzed and gasified, the air blower is a variable frequency fan, and an automatic control valve is arranged on the air inlet pipe, so that when the temperature difference monitored by two thermometers in the same row is larger and is not within a set temperature range, the control system can timely adjust the supply amount of gasified air through the variable frequency fan and the automatic control valve, and the stable pyrolysis and gasification of the biomass fuel are ensured.
Compared with the prior art, the bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace provided by the utility model has the advantages that the area of biomass fuel at the bottom of the gasification furnace body can be reduced through the trapezoid body wall, so that the biomass fuel entering along the distributing machine is uniformly distributed at the bottom of the gasification furnace body, the pyrolysis gasification is realized under the heat of an ash layer and an oxidation layer, the gasification furnace is prevented from being burnt through or extinguished, and the stable operation of the gasification furnace is ensured; the gasification air supply system is combined with a material level meter and a thermometer to accurately adjust the air supply quantity of the gasification furnace, so that the gasification reaction is stably carried out and the gas load is adjusted.
[ description of the drawings ]
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a bottom-closing horizontal fixed-bed gasifier according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a side view of the wall of a trapezoid in a bottom-closing horizontal fixed-bed gasification furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a gasification air supply system in a bottom-closing horizontal fixed-bed gasification furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the distribution of the material layer height of the biomass fuel in the horizontal fixed bed furnace body in the prior art;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the distribution of the height of the biomass bed in the bottom-closing horizontal fixed-bed gasification furnace according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a gasification blast cap in a bottom-closing horizontal fixed-bed gasification furnace according to the present invention.
In the attached drawing, 1 gasifier body, 2 biomass bins, 3 screw feeders, 4 material distributors, 5 water-cooled grates, 6 side deslagging devices, 7 first flitch, 8 second flitch, 9 trapezoid body walls, 10 connecting plates, 11 hollow cavities, 12 air inlet pipes, 13 connecting pipes, 14 air blowers, 15 material level meters, 16 thermometers, 17 water inlet pipes, 18 water discharge pipes, 19 bent pipes, 20 gasification air hoods, 21 automatic control valves, 22 deslagging conveying and cooling zone systems, 23 conical reducer pipes, 24 air outlet pipes, L1Width of discharge port, L2The width of the small opening end of the wall of the trapezoid body.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, the present invention provides a bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace, which includes: the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body 1, a biomass bin 2, a screw feeder 3 and a distributing machine 4 which are arranged above the gasification furnace body 1, and a water-cooling grate 5, a side slag discharging device 6 and a slag discharging conveying and cold area system 22 which are arranged below the gasification furnace body 1.
When the biomass gasification furnace needs to work, biomass fuel is located in a biomass bin 2 and is conveyed into a distributing machine 4 through a screw feeder 3, when feeding is needed, the distributing machine 3 starts to work, the biomass fuel vertically falls to the bottom of the gasification furnace by means of self gravity, when a stacked biomass material layer is higher, the uppermost biomass fuel falls along the width direction of the gasification furnace, so the biomass fuel located at the bottom is pyrolyzed and gasified, and the biomass fuel falling along the width direction of the gasification furnace reaches a certain amount and contacts with the bottom of the gasification furnace, so the uneven distribution of the biomass fuel, especially the uneven distribution of the bottom biomass fuel, occurs, at the moment, the height distribution of the biomass material layer in the gasification furnace body is parabolic, the two sides are low, the middle is high, as shown in figure 4, so the material which is initially pyrolyzed and gasified is burnt through, and the higher part of the middle material layer starts to pyrolyzed and gasified, the uniform gasification reaction is not facilitated, and the phenomenon of unstable gas production and even the phenomenon of burning through or flameout of the whole bed layer can occur in severe cases. Therefore, the biomass gasification furnace body 1 is designed to be of a closed type, and the height distribution of the biomass fuel in the furnace is shown in fig. 5 after the biomass fuel passes through the distributing machine 4, so that the gasification furnace provided by the utility model has the advantages that the height distribution of a biomass material layer is more uniform after the biomass fuel passes through the distributing machine 4, and the gasification reaction is more favorably carried out; the concrete structure is as follows: two first flitches 7, two second flitches 8 extend respectively to the discharge gate side in gasifier body 1 inner wall, first flitch 7, second flitch 8 are crisscross one by one, end to end forms trapezoidal body wall 9, and this trapezoidal body wall 9 microcephaly end is connected as an organic whole through a connecting plate 10 with gasifier body 1 bottom, form cavity 11 between trapezoidal body wall 9, gasifier body 1, the connecting plate 10. So behind cloth machine 4, biomass fuel can drop to 1 bottom of gasifier body, the phenomenon of scattering appears when even dropping, also can fill at first under the effect of trapezoidal body wall 9 and cover 1 bottom region of gasifier body, thereby fine ash layer and the oxide layer with 1 bottom of gasifier body cover, the heat of ash layer and oxide layer lasts the biomass fuel upwards transmission through upper portion this moment, thereby maintain upper portion biomass fuel pyrolysis, gasification, the required heat of drying, avoid appearing because of the uneven phenomenon such as burn-through of material distribution, ensure that biomass gas output is more stable, it is continuous. Because the ash slag generated after the biomass fuel is combusted has higher temperature, the utility model enables the cooling softened water to enter the hollow cavity 11 through the water inlet pipe 17 and be discharged through the water outlet pipe 18, thereby realizing the circulation of the cooling softened water, so that the ash slag can be cooled, the post-treatment difficulty is reduced, and simultaneously the heat contained in the ash slag is recovered. The ash slag cooled to a certain degree by the trapezoid body wall and the connecting plate is cooled by the water-cooled grate 5 again to reach the temperature required by slag discharge, and after the ash slag layer is accumulated to a certain thickness, the ash slag is discharged out of the gasification furnace body 1 through the side slag discharge device 6. And then collected by a slag discharge conveying and cooling zone system 22 for comprehensive utilization.
Because the gasification furnace body 1 is large, the pyrolysis gasification degree of the biomass fuel in the gasification furnace body is different, which may cause unstable gas production and incomplete utilization of the biomass fuel, a gasification air supply system is arranged below the gasification furnace body 1, and the gasification air supply system comprises: a plurality of air inlet pipes 12 evenly distributed at the bottom of the gasifier body 1 and connecting pipes 13 used for communicating the air inlet pipes 12, wherein the middle of each connecting pipe 13 is communicated with an air blower 14 through a pipeline. When the gas burner works, the variable frequency fan (the blower 14) can be controlled by the automatic logic control system to control the air inlet quantity, and when the gas flow is lower than a required value, the variable frequency blower 18 increases the frequency and increases the supply of gasified air; when the gas flow is above the desired value, the variable frequency blower 18 reduces the frequency, reducing the supply of the gasified air.
In the utility model, as the gasifier body 1 has a certain height and the working condition of the gasifier body cannot accurately observe the material level of the biomass fuel in the gasifier body, three material level indicators 15 are uniformly arranged on one side wall of the gasifier body 1 from top to bottom, and the material level indicators 15 are high-temperature-resistant rotary resistance type material level indicators. The material level that charge level indicator 15 can real-time supervision gasifier body 1 is in the gasifier normal operating process, and the material level keeps between low material level and high material level, monitors the material level when being located the charge level indicator of below and reachs gasifier body below after, and control system control living beings feed bin 2, screw feeder 3, cloth machine 4 begin the feeding, monitors the material level when the charge level indicator of top and reachs 1 tops of living beings after, stops the feeding. In the biomass fuel pyrolysis gasification process simultaneously, its biomass fuel pyrolysis gasification degree along length direction may be different, consequently another lateral wall of gasifier body 1 is equipped with four rows of thermometers 16 from top to bottom, and every row of thermometers 16 contains two thermometers along gasifier length distribution. Thus, the system monitoring and indication can be carried out on the temperature of each layer and different heights of the biomass fuel in the gasification furnace body 1, and when the temperatures monitored by the two rows of thermometers at the lower part are higher, the supply amount of the gasification air can be reduced by the blower 14; when the temperature difference of two thermometers in the same row is large, the different air supply quantity regulation in different areas can be realized through the opening and closing of the automatic control valves 21 on different exhaust pipes 12, after one automatic control valve 21 is closed, the supply of the gasification air is stopped, and at the moment, the gasification air cap 20 can play a role in blocking the falling ash and slag, so that the ash and slag are prevented from entering the air inlet pipe 12 along the air outlet pipe 24 to cause the blockage of an air supply pipeline; when the temperature of the biomass fuel in the middle of the gasification furnace body 1 reaches a certain temperature, the side deslagging device 6 starts to work, and pushes the reacted ash out of the furnace body to maintain the continuity and stability of the whole gasification reaction.
In the utility model, the biomass fuel gas generated in the gasification furnace body 1 is delivered to a rear end utilization system through a fuel gas output pipeline; the height of ash on the water-cooled grate 5 can be theoretically calculated according to the biomass feeding amount in the accumulated time since the last slag discharge, and can also be comprehensively judged according to the temperature field tested by the thermometer 16 arranged on the gasification furnace body 1.
In summary, this is trueWith novel through carrying out the design of closing up gasifier body furnace bottom, this internal trapezoidal body wall that sets up of gasifier promptly, and trapezoidal body wall microcephaly hold end towards gasifier body bottom, so can make area S of gasifier body bottom and biomass fuel contact1Is smaller than the area of the cross section of the gasification body hearth, namely the area S of the large opening end of the trapezoidal wall body2. Therefore, after the biomass fuel passes through the distributing machine 4, the uniform height distribution of the biomass fuel in the gasification furnace body 1 can be realized, and particularly the distribution of the bottom area of the gasification furnace body 1 is realized, so that the phenomenon that the biomass fuel is burnt through or extinguished due to uneven distribution of the biomass fuel is better prevented, and the gasification furnace is more stable and reliable in operation; through the arrangement of the air inlet system and the thermometer, the functions of regulating the gas output load of the gasification furnace, regulating the temperature field in the gasification furnace, cutting off the gasification air in an emergency state and the like are realized, so that the gasification furnace has the advantages of safe and reliable gasification reaction, good adjustability, stable operation and the like.
Claims (7)
1. A bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace comprises: the gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body (1), a biomass bin (2), a screw feeder (3) and a distributing machine (4) which are arranged above the gasification furnace body (1), and a water-cooling grate (5), a side slag discharging device (6) and a slag discharging conveying and cold area system (22) which are arranged below the gasification furnace body (1), and is characterized in that two first material plates (7) and two second material plates (8) extend towards a discharging port from the inner wall of the gasification furnace body (1) respectively, the first material plates (7) and the second material plates (8) are staggered one by one and connected end to form a trapezoid body wall (9), the small opening end of the trapezoid body wall (9) is connected with the bottom of the gasification furnace body (1) into a whole through a connecting plate (10), and a hollow cavity (11) is formed among the trapezoid body wall (9), the gasification furnace body (1) and the connecting plate (10); and a gasification air supply system is arranged below the gasification furnace body (1), and the gasification air supply system comprises: a plurality of air inlet pipes (12) which are uniformly distributed at the bottom of the gasification furnace body (1) and connecting pipes (13) which are used for communicating the air inlet pipes (12), wherein the middle of each connecting pipe (13) is communicated with an air blower (14) through a pipeline.
2. According to claimThe bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace of claim 1, wherein the width (L) of the discharge port of the distributor (4)1) Is the width (L) of the small end of the trapezoid body wall (9)2) 1/3-1/2.
3. The bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein three level gauges (15) are uniformly arranged on one side wall of the gasifier body (1) from top to bottom, and the level gauges (15) are high-temperature-resistant rotary resistance level gauges.
4. The bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein four rows of thermometers (16) are arranged on the other side wall of the gasifier body (1) from top to bottom, and each row of thermometers (16) comprises two thermometers distributed along the length of the gasifier.
5. The bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein one end of the hollow cavity (11) is communicated with an external water source through a water inlet pipe (17), the other end is connected with a water discharge pipe (18), and the water inlet pipe (17) and the water discharge pipe (18) are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the first material plate (7).
6. The bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasifier according to claim 1, wherein a bent pipe (19) extends upward from the end of the air inlet pipe (12), the end of the bent pipe (19) is communicated with an air outlet pipe (24) through a conical reducer pipe (23), the air outlet pipe (24) is a circular pipe, a plurality of circular ventilation openings are formed in the wall of the circular pipe, and the top end of the air outlet pipe (24) is connected with a gasification air cap (20).
7. The bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein the blower (14) is a variable frequency blower, and the air inlet pipe (12) is provided with an automatic control valve (21).
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| CN202220086247.XU CN216639406U (en) | 2022-01-13 | 2022-01-13 | Bottom-closing horizontal fixed bed gasification furnace |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117778063A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-03-29 | 西安昌源电子科技有限公司 | Method for producing synthetic gas by biomass gasification and gasification furnace |
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2022
- 2022-01-13 CN CN202220086247.XU patent/CN216639406U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117778063A (en) * | 2024-02-28 | 2024-03-29 | 西安昌源电子科技有限公司 | Method for producing synthetic gas by biomass gasification and gasification furnace |
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