CN114276838A - Carbon-neutralization symmetric-structure fixed bed multi-section biomass gasification method - Google Patents
Carbon-neutralization symmetric-structure fixed bed multi-section biomass gasification method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a multi-stage gasification method for carbon-neutralized biomass, which realizes multi-stage gasification through 7 subsystems, including a cuboid fixed bed biomass gasifier body, a top fuel gas outlet, a safety device, a water pipe grate, a symmetrical feeding system, a control system and the like. From the manufacturing process to the construction process, the cuboid gasification furnace body has simple structure and low manufacturing cost. The symmetrical feeding ensures that the material level is high at two sides and low in the middle, the temperature field distribution is high at two sides and low at two sides, and the fuel naturally moves from two sides of the wide side of the body to the middle, so that the multi-section gasification is realized, and the gasification efficiency is high. By increasing the gravity of a gas outlet, the single gas flow automatic control is realized, the gas temperature is adjustable and controllable, the generation of tar is avoided, and the long-term continuous and stable operation of industrial automation is realized. The system automatically identifies the greenhouse gas zero-emission biomass fuel, fossil fuel, solid waste, dangerous waste and the like are not allowed to enter the system, multi-stage gasification hidden in the fluidized bed is realized in the fixed bed, and the method is a carbon neutralization biomass gasification method with remarkable electricity saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a carbon neutralization symmetrical structure fixed bed multi-section biomass gasification method.
Background
The biomass is an important physical renewable energy source, is the only internationally recognized zero-carbon energy source without increasing the total amount of atmospheric greenhouse gases, and has the characteristics of stability and controllability compared with renewable energy sources such as wind power, photovoltaic solar energy, hydroenergy and the like. The biomass energy is used for replacing fossil energy, and has very important ecological environmental significance for reducing the emission of atmospheric pollutants, improving the greenhouse effect of the atmosphere and the like. The biomass gasification is to produce combustible gas by using biomass to perform closed anoxic combustion in a gasification furnace and performing dry distillation pyrolysis and thermochemical oxidation-reduction. Biomass pyrolysis gasification is a high-technology form for biomass energy utilization, and compared with a biomass direct combustion mode, the biomass gasification furnace and the gas boiler are combined in a set, so that the biomass pyrolysis gasification furnace has the characteristics of high energy utilization efficiency, controllable pollutant discharge and capability of being used together with clean energy such as natural gas. Two existing biomass gasification technical routes, namely a fixed bed gasification furnace and a fluidized bed gasification furnace, use a basic form of a circular gasification furnace body at present, and the variant of the circular gasification furnace body is changed from the basic form to the basic form.
In the prior art of the fluidized bed gasification furnace, biomass is in a fluidized state in the gasification furnace, a multi-section type gasification mode is hidden, the gasification efficiency is high, however, a large amount of energy power and electric power are consumed for realizing the fluidized state of the biomass, and aerodynamic force is provided for fluidizing. The existing biomass fluidized bed gasification furnace technical route is not an economical and ideal carbon neutralization biomass gasification mode.
The fixed bed biomass gasification furnaces in the prior art comprise an updraft type gasification furnace, a side draft type gasification furnace, a downdraft type gasification furnace and the like, which are all in a single-stage gasification mode, and the gasification efficiency is low.
For example, the invention of the invention zl200410051078.2, which is a source of the biomass fluidized bed gasifier in china, discloses an internal circulation biomass fluidized bed gasifier with an asymmetric structure, which comprises a furnace body, a cyclone separator and a fly ash return pipe, wherein an inclined wall surface is constructed at the lower part of the furnace body to form an inverted truncated cone with a right-angled trapezoid longitudinal section, so that a partition wall with an inclination angle a of 60 to 75 degrees is formed at one side close to the cyclone separator, an ash discharge channel is arranged on the partition wall, an air distribution plate at the bottom of the furnace body is an asymmetric inverted cone structure, a slag discharge port is arranged at the top of the asymmetric inverted cone, and air holes with variable aperture ratio are arranged on the air distribution plate. The invention adopts a circulating fluidized bed furnace type combining external circulation and internal circulation, strengthens uneven air distribution by arranging an asymmetric conical structure air distribution plate at the bottom of the fluidized bed reaction furnace and a variable aperture ratio design, strengthens the internal circulation flow of materials in the furnace and realizes the rapid gasification of biomass materials. In the implementation process of the invention, the embodiment of steel rolling by using biomass fuel gas is utilized, because the realization of the biomass fluidization state needs to consume a large amount of electric high-grade energy, the industrialization is not economical, and the gasification furnace is forced to exit the market only after running for three years. The same problems are faced by various modifications and changes of the prior art after the biomass circulating fluidized bed source technology is changed, which is the root cause that the prior art for biomass circulating fluidized bed gasification can not be popularized in large scale in industrial practice.
Chinese patent application 200810010318 discloses an updraft straw gasification furnace, which comprises a furnace body and a water chamber with a water inlet pipe; the lower part of the inner cavity of the furnace body is provided with a fire grate component which divides the inner cavity of the furnace body into an upper chamber and a lower chamber; the upper part of the upper chamber is provided with a feed inlet and a fuel gas outlet; a medium channel is arranged in the heat preservation layer of the inner cavity of the furnace body; a medium distributor is arranged in the lower chamber; the inlet of the medium channel is communicated with the water outlet pipe orifice of the water chamber through a pipeline; the outlet of the medium channel is communicated with the inlet of the medium distributor through a communicating pipe; the bottom of the media distributor is provided with an outlet hole.
Chinese patent application 200910116779 discloses an updraft household biomass gasification device, which is a vertical cylinder structure; the structure of the device consists of a dry distillation chamber at the upper section, a main gasification chamber at the middle section and an ash chamber at the lower section, wherein each section is separated by a heat storage grid and a heat storage furnace grid; the periphery of the main gasification chamber is enclosed by a radiation cylinder.
Chinese patent application 201010152803 discloses a household updraft type tar-free biomass gasification direct-fired furnace, the lower extreme of gas-cooker sets up in annular water tank, be equipped with a plurality of overgrate air inlet holes along its circumferencial direction on the lateral wall of gas-cooker, be equipped with a plurality of gas outlet on the bottom face of gas-cooker, furnace communicates with each other with a plurality of gas outlet through the centre bore of annular water tank, be equipped with the air preheating chamber between flame retardant coating and the interior stove section of thick bamboo, the air preheating chamber constitutes spiral air preheating chamber through the spiral baffle that sets up in it, the lower extreme of spiral air preheating chamber is the preheated air export, the top edge of ash bucket leans on closely with the lower extreme inner wall of interior stove section of thick bamboo, the lower extreme sets up in the ash chamber.
Chinese patent application 201010152802 discloses a downdraft tar secondary pyrolysis biomass gasification furnace, the lower extreme setting of its interior stove section of thick bamboo is in the ash bin, the below of activity grate setting in the reduction chamber, be equipped with gas secondary pyrolysis chamber between flame retardant coating and the interior stove section of thick bamboo, form gas secondary pyrolysis chamber entry between the lower extreme outer wall of interior stove section of thick bamboo and the flame retardant coating inner wall, the lateral wall of the outer stove section of thick bamboo that the one end of intake pipe passed the furnace throat top, the heat preservation, the flame retardant coating, gas secondary pyrolysis chamber and interior stove section of thick bamboo lateral wall communicate with each other with the furnace, the other end and shutoff threaded connection, be equipped with a plurality of inlet ports on the lateral wall of shutoff, the outlet duct passes the lateral wall of the outer stove section of thick bamboo, the heat preservation, the flame retardant coating communicates with each other with gas secondary pyrolysis chamber.
Chinese patent application 201110192886 discloses a downdraft biomass fuel gasifier, which comprises a gasifier body having a hearth and a grate at the bottom of the hearth, wherein an air outlet cavity is formed between the inner wall of the gasifier body and the outer wall of the hearth, and the hearth is formed with a drying region, a cracking region, an oxidation region and a reduction region from top to bottom; the gasification furnace comprises an air outlet pipe, an air entraining mechanism and a carbon monoxide gas filtering mechanism, wherein the carbon monoxide gas filtering mechanism is used for filtering the carbon monoxide gas and leading the carbon monoxide gas to be combusted by a combustor, one end of the air outlet pipe is connected with the gasification furnace body and communicated with an air outlet cavity, the other end of the air outlet pipe is connected with the air entraining mechanism, the air entraining mechanism is connected with the carbon monoxide gas filtering mechanism through a pipeline, and the inner diameter of the hearth is contracted into a structure which is smaller than the inner diameter of the cracking zone and smaller than the inner diameter of the reduction zone at a position corresponding to the oxidation zone.
The problems of the prior art of the above representative circular fixed bed biomass gasification furnace are: the structure is complicated, capital construction and equipment investment are large, single-stage gasification efficiency is low, multi-stage gasification power consumption and energy consumption of the fluidized bed gasification furnace are high, a biogas induced draft fan and a furnace bottom air blower cannot be cooperatively controlled, air flow is uncontrollable, the updraft type fixed bed gasification furnace also has two serious problems in actual production, one is that the temperature of produced substance gas is uncontrollable, when the temperature of the gas is lower than 250 ℃, a large amount of tar can be caused in the gas pipeline to block and separate out a pipeline, and the other problem is that a furnace grate with uncontrollable furnace bottom blast combustion temperature is easy to burn, coke and agglomerate. The downdraft gasifier also has two serious disadvantages, one is that the structure is more complicated, the investment is larger, the subsequent equipment selection is not facilitated, and the other is that the gas temperature is higher, the heat value is lower, and the temperature is uncontrollable at the same time.
Chinese patent CN201210353295.1 discloses a multi-stage fixed bed biomass gasification furnace, which actually belongs to the simple superposition of the single-stage gasification process of the complete gasification process of biomass fuel, not only increasing the investment cost, but also increasing the process complexity of the engineering equipment in the gasification process, and because the specific gravity of biomass is small and the fluidity is poor, the simple superposition single-stage gasification process can not perform normal feeding, can not be realized in practice at all, and does not improve any gasification process efficiency, and the power and power consumption of progressive material are increased in vain, even though the laboratory is difficult to realize the technology of the simple superposition single-stage gasification into the multi-stage gasification on the surface, let alone the industrialization is implemented.
In a word, the biomass fixed bed single-section gasification and the fluidized bed implicit multi-section gasification have advantages and disadvantages, the industrialization pain of the biomass gasification prior art is that the gasification furnace has a complex structure, the capital construction and equipment investment is large, the gasification efficiency is low, the controllability and the adjustability of airflow, pressure and temperature are poor, the continuity, the stability and the continuity of the gasification process are not ideal, the problem of tar precipitation and competition pipelines is serious, the energy consumption, the labor and the gasification operation cost of production and operation are too high, and the biomass gasification equipment is not a biomass gasification equipment product for carbon neutralization.
From production practice, the advantages of the fixed bed gasification furnace and the fluidized bed gasification furnace in the prior art are utilized to avoid the defects, an ideal carbon neutralization biomass gasification system equipment product is provided, and the problem which is urgently needed to be solved but not really solved in the field of biomass gasification is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the industrialized pain point in the prior art, the invention aims to provide an industrialized carbon neutralization biomass gasification furnace system product which has the advantages of simple structure, low investment, hidden multi-section biomass gasification mode, high gasification efficiency, low operation cost, complete controllable and adjustable gasification process airflow, temperature and pressure, high and controllable and adjustable output gas temperature, capability of preventing biogas tar from separating out from a competition pipeline, high informatization, digitization and intelligent automatic control, and continuous, safe and stable operation.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a biomass gasification system, which comprises a rectangular solid biomass gasification furnace with a hidden multistage biomass gasification mode, wherein the gasification furnace comprises a rectangular solid gasification furnace body which is transversely arranged and the temperature of the gasification furnace is controlled by circulating water at the lower part, the height of the gasification furnace body is 3.5 meters, the length-width ratio of the gasification furnace body is determined by comprehensive calculation after data modeling according to various factors such as designed gasification capacity, material characteristics and combustion and gasification characteristics of different biomass fuels, and fluid mechanics parameters of the biomass fuels which automatically and slowly move from two side parts to a middle part of a wide side due to furnace bottom combustion and furnace gasification; the furnace body comprises a circulating water system positioned at the lower part, a fixed water-cooled tube grate positioned at the bottom and an ash pusher with the grate reciprocating up and down, wherein an automatic wet ash discharging pool, a slag tapping flood dragon and a water tank are arranged below the ash pusher; a biogas outlet pipeline is arranged in the middle of the top of the furnace body, and water seal safety valves and a gas emptying chimney of the gasifier safety protection device are symmetrically arranged on two sides of the biogas outlet pipeline; the upper parts of two sides of the wide side of the furnace body are symmetrically provided with a feeding hole and a feeding system; the corresponding parts of the refractory bricks on the inner wall of the furnace body are provided with data acquisition ports such as a thermocouple, a pressure transmitter sensing port and a biofuel material level sensor port, and are connected with a gasification control center for acquiring, transmitting and communicating digital signals such as temperature, pressure and material level.
In the invention, the shape of the gasification furnace body is changed from round or cylindrical shape of the prior mainstream technology into cuboid shape and is transversely arranged, the structure is simple and compact, the material usage, especially steel usage, of the gasification furnace is greatly saved, the investment cost of biomass fuel processing amount of a gasification project unit is reduced to about one fourth of the investment cost of the gasification furnace in the prior art, the ratio of the combustion area of the fire grate to the volume of the gasification furnace is greatly improved, the height of the gasification furnace is reduced, the volume of the gasification furnace is reduced, and the gasification efficiency and the biomass gasification productivity of unit investment are greatly improved.
In the invention, the rectangular gasification furnace is in a shape, biomass fuel feeding ports are symmetrically arranged at the upper parts of two sides of a wide side, biomass is fed at the wide side and falls near the wide side, the biomass material level in the furnace body forms a symmetrical wide side part with two high sides and the material level in the middle part of the gasification furnace is low, and the distribution of the temperature field in the furnace is in a middle high symmetrical wide side part with two low sides. During the biomass combustion and gasification process, the naturally formed material level difference enables the material to naturally and slowly move from the two sides of the wide side of the gasification furnace to the middle part along the long side direction of the gasification furnace. The biomass fuel in different gasification process stages of oxidation, reduction, pyrolysis, drying and the like in the furnace naturally and slowly moves by utilizing the material level drop and the biomass fuel generated in the combustion and gasification processes, so that the multi-section gasification function and the gasification effect hidden in the fluidized bed gasification furnace are realized in the fixed bed, and the gasification efficiency of the fixed bed is improved. The biological fuel naturally and slowly moves in the fixed bed gasification furnace, and compared with the biological fuel which moves in the fluidized bed gasification furnace in a high-speed fluidized manner, the biological fuel saves the material fluidized cost of the air power of the fluidized bed, and greatly reduces the power cost of the fluidized movement of the biological fuel in the gasification furnace. The power consumption of the fixed bed gasification furnace is only about one third of the power consumption of the fluidized bed gasification furnace.
According to the biomass gasification furnace, a hole (a furnace top biological gas pipeline) is formed by the force of a biomass gasification gas flow system, so that the problem of incongruity and even out of control caused by the fact that the gas temperature is accurately controlled by the force of a plurality of holes (a gas pipeline and an air pipeline) formed by the force of gas flow power of a gasification furnace in the prior art is solved, air is naturally fed from a bottom grate, the gas flow power of the gasification system is singly from the attraction force of a high-power high-temperature induced draft fan arranged on a biological gas outlet pipeline on the top of the gasification furnace, the information automatic accurate control of the biomass gas attraction force and the temperature of the gas pipeline is facilitated by a gasification control center, the accurate control and adjustment of the high-temperature gas temperature of about 400 ℃ are realized, the inlet temperature of the biological gas entering a gas boiler is ensured not to be lower than 300 ℃, and the problem of separation of tar from a fuel gas pipeline from a gambling pipeline is avoided.
In the invention, an automatic feeding system is arranged between a biomass fuel warehouse and a feed inlet of a gasification furnace, and is provided with an intelligent automatic biomass fuel identification and control system, the feeding system automatically feeds the biomass fuel to a hopper arranged above the feed inlet of the gasification furnace under the intelligent control instruction of a gasification control center, and whether the biomass fuel meets the set biomass fuel standard in the feeding process is intelligently and automatically identified. Fuels meeting biofuel standards are automatically identified and allowed to enter the hopper and gasifier through the feeding system, or fuels that either reject or do not meet the set biofuel standards. Therefore, the invention requires that the biomass fuel supply chain must carry out strict standardized operation management of the biomass fuel according to relevant national and local legal and regulatory policies and standard.
According to the invention, the gasifier feeding system is designed to be an automatic symmetrical feeding mode, symmetrical feeding ports are arranged at the upper parts of the wide sides of the two sides of the gasifier, hoppers are arranged above the feeding ports and are connected through biomass fuel conveying belts, and biomass fuel from the automatic feeding system firstly enters the symmetrical hoppers at the two sides for standby. Two-stage material sealing is arranged inside and outside the furnace wall of the gasification furnace by utilizing biomass fuel to prevent the biogas in the furnace from leaking, a first-stage rotary feeder in the furnace is arranged inside the feed inlet gasification furnace, the rotating speed of the first-stage rotary feeder in the furnace is used for adjusting a feeding parabola so as to adjust the material level of different parts in the furnace, and the biomass fuel is filled in the first-stage rotary feeder and the feed inlet to realize the first-stage material sealing; the outer side secondary rolling feeder is arranged at the bottom of the hopper at the outer side of the feed inlet gasification furnace, and the outer side secondary rolling feeder and the hopper are filled with biomass fuel, so that secondary material sealing is realized. The invention strictly and effectively isolates the inside and the outside of the gasification furnace through two-stage material sealing, and prevents the biogas from leaking through the feed inlet.
According to the invention, for downward ash discharge and slag discharge of the grate gap at the bottom of the gasification furnace, various means in the prior art can be adopted, and by arranging the circulating water-cooled grate which comprises a plurality of grate circulating water pipes arranged in parallel, wherein the grate circulating water pipes are pipe fittings with cavities and made of heat conducting materials, an ash pusher gasification furnace is not arranged on the small and medium grates, and the water-cooled grate can be provided with a driving motor for driving a grate rod to rotate according to requirements, so that the grate rod of the grate rotates, ash slag accumulated on the grate is promoted to fall from the gap of the grate, and a better ash discharge and slag discharge effect is achieved.
According to the invention, a reciprocating ash pusher and an ash discharge water tank are arranged below a grate, the large-scale gasification furnace is also provided with the reciprocating ash pushers in a partitioning and parallel manner above the grate, the reciprocating ash pushers are connected with a gasification control center and push ash falling into the ash discharge water tank into an ash discharge water groove arranged along the long side of the gasification furnace according to an automatic control instruction of the center, the reciprocating ash pusher on the grate pushes biomass combustion ash collection on the grate into the same ash discharge water groove arranged along the long side of the gasification furnace in a reciprocating manner according to the automatic control instruction of the center, and an ash auger arranged in the ash discharge water groove conveys the biomass ash outwards in a wet manner, and the biomass ash is packaged and bagged to a bio-based organic fertilizer plant to avoid environment pollution caused by fly ash, dust and particulate matters.
The safety, sanitation and environmental protection device of the biomass gasification system comprises a biogas safety vent chimney symmetrically arranged at the top of a gasification furnace, a water seal safety valve symmetrically arranged at the top of the gasification furnace and a water seal valve arranged at a gas pipeline at the lower end of a biogas high-temperature induced draft fan, and is used for carrying out multi-stage safety protection on the gasification furnace, the gas pipeline and a gas boiler together, wherein a gas vent valve control system of the safety vent chimney is connected with a gasification control center and is used for opening a vent valve according to a safety vent instruction or manual active intervention of the gasification control center when the gasification furnace is shut down, venting biogas in the gasification furnace and carrying out primary protection on the gasification furnace; the water seal valve is used as a safety explosion-proof protection device for preventing accidents, when the gasifier is subjected to accidental deflagration or the pressure in the gasifier exceeds a safety warning limit value, airflow instantaneously breaks through the pressure on the water surface and automatically leaks out to carry out secondary protection on the gasifier, and the leakage flow of the water seal valve is designed to be large enough, so that the airflow pressure in the gasifier can be instantaneously and emergently and automatically discharged, and the gasifier is ensured not to be subjected to explosion danger; a water seal valve arranged on a gas pipeline at the outlet end of the high-temperature induced draft fan carries out third-level safety protection on the biogas pipeline and the gas boiler in real time; monitoring and automatic alarm safety and health monitoring devices for toxic and harmful flue gas such as carbon monoxide and the like are arranged at a biomass gasification furnace, a gas pipeline, a gas boiler and the like according to law, so that the personal safety, the health and the health of production operators are monitored and protected in real time; in addition, the sulfur content of the biogas is very low, the invention adopts the ultra-low nitrogen gas burner, before the biogas enters the gas boiler terminal to burn and use, the high-temperature gas produced and conveyed in a closed state is not subjected to treatments such as dust removal, separation and the like, and the tail end tail gas environment-friendly treatment facility is arranged at the tail part of the gas boiler, so as to ensure that the biogas terminal gas boiler is environment-friendly and reaches the standard for emission and reaches or is lower than the natural gas environment-friendly emission standard.
Compared with the prior biomass gasification technology, the invention has the following substantial technical progress:
1. the gasifier body is designed by adopting a cuboid building structure and is transversely arranged, and the biomass gasification realizes substantial technical breakthrough from the manufacturing technology to the construction technology. Because the bulk density and the bulk density of the biomass fuel are much lower than those of the coal fuel, namely, the bulk density and the bulk density are only one third to one half of those of the coal fuel, the prior art of the biomass gasification furnace is influenced by the design habit of the coal gas producer and the thinking of the equipment manufacturing process is very much helpful, and the structural strength, the stability and the waste of the circular structure design and the manufacturing of the biomass gasification furnace are much more abundant. Generally, technicians neglect the waste problem existing in the manufacturing process of the gasification furnace in the prior art, generally adopt a circular structure, do not excavate the process potential wasted in the aspects of structural strength, stability and the like of the biomass gasification furnace, and do not think of the great comparative advantage of the shape of a cuboid building structure of the biomass gasification furnace from the manufacturing process to the construction process. The biomass gasification furnace is developed from the existing manufacturing process to the construction process, breaks through the limit of a capacity measuring template in the biomass gasification technology in the prior art, and lays a technical foundation for the small-scale to large-scale industrialization of the biomass gasification technology. The important technical innovation of the construction process of the biomass gasification furnace breaks through the limitation of the manufacturing process of the circular structure body of the biomass gasification furnace on the capacity and scale of biomass fuel treatment of the gasification furnace in the prior art, and thoroughly subverts the prior art of biomass gasification.
2. The rectangular solid structure is designed, and is particularly suitable for large-scale biomass systems, the height difference of the material level in the gasifier and the distribution of the temperature field in the gasifier, which are formed by symmetrical feeding of the wide side of the gasifier, are distributed, the space in the gasifier in the long side direction, the biomass fuel fluid dynamics principle and the biomass combustion and gasification characteristics are fully utilized, the scientific length-width ratio of the gasifier is set through modeling and scientific calculation, the biomass fuel is slowly moved along the long side direction, the multi-stage gasification effect implied by a fluidized bed is realized in a fixed bed, and the gasification efficiency of the fixed bed and the gasification productivity of the gasifier in unit volume are improved;
3. the biomass gasification furnace greatly saves the construction materials of the gasification furnace and the investment cost by about 70 percent from the manufacturing process to the construction process, greatly reduces the energy power and the electric power cost of the operation of the gasification furnace by about 60 percent, and greatly improves the scale, the investment and the operation cost performance of a biomass gasification project;
4. the technology of the invention adopts advanced mature technology in the aspects of gas dynamics, informatization, intellectualization, automatic closed-loop control, standardized standardization and the like, improves the automatic accurate control level of the operation of the gasification furnace, and saves the operation labor cost of the gasification furnace by about 50 percent;
5. the technology of the invention conforms to the great trend of carbon neutralization and energy conservation, and embeds new technology, new requirements, new standard and related methodology for the modern society to cope with climate change, which is a new trend never appeared in the technical field of biomass gasification.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rectangular solid bed multi-stage biomass gasification furnace with a symmetrical structure
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the material level of a multi-stage fixed bed biomass gasification furnace with a symmetrical structure
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an automatic feeding and biomass fuel automatic identification system
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an automatic feed system
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an automatic ash discharge and slag discharge system
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an automated control module of an automated control center for a gasification project.
The concrete description is as follows:
1. FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a rectangular solid bed multi-stage biomass gasification furnace with a symmetrical structure
Wherein:
11 is a schematic view of a rectangular solid bed gasification furnace body
12 is a schematic view of a hopper of a feeding system symmetrically arranged at the upper parts of wide sides at two sides of a cuboid gasification furnace
13 is a schematic diagram of ash discharge and slag discharge at the bottom of the rectangular gasification furnace
14 is a schematic view of a gas outlet pipeline of a gasification furnace top
15 is a schematic view of a biogas emptying chimney of a gasification furnace safety protection device arranged on the top of the gasification furnace
16 is a schematic diagram of the position of a safety water seal of an explosion-proof device of the gasification furnace arranged on the top of the gasification furnace
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the material level of a multi-stage fixed bed biomass gasification furnace with a symmetrical structure
Wherein:
part 1 is a schematic diagram of a high material level near a wide-edge symmetrical feed inlet of the gasification furnace
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an automatic feeding and biomass fuel automatic identification system
Wherein:
31 is a schematic view of connecting the feeding belt and the biomass fuel conveying belt
32 is a schematic view of a feeding belt
33 is a schematic view of automatic identification and standard control of biomass fuel
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an automatic feed system
Wherein:
41 is a schematic view of a feeder in a gasification furnace
42 is a schematic view of a bottom feeder of an external hopper of a gasification furnace
43 is a schematic view of a hopper
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an automatic ash discharge and slag discharge system
Wherein:
51 is a schematic view of an automatic ash pusher at the bottom of a gasification furnace
52 is a schematic view of a gasifier bottom ash basin
53 is a schematic view of a long-side slag off groove of a gasification furnace
54 is a schematic view of a slag discharging auger in a slag discharging groove
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an automatic control module of an automatic control center for a gasification project
Wherein:
61 is an automatic feeding identification system
62 is a feed system
63 is a gasification furnace
64 is a dust discharge system
65 is a protection system
66 is a gas system
Detailed Description
The gasifier has a simple structure, the weight of the gasifier body is greatly reduced to about one third compared with the gasifier with the same scale and capacity in the prior art, the gasifier body is directly built on a ground foundation, and after the gasifier body is changed from the manufacturing process in the prior art to the building process, the building structure can bear great structural strength and stress, and large-scale biomass gasification projects can be designed, built and operated. The furnace bottom circulating water-cooled grate can be provided with a structural support according to the strength requirement, so that the structural strength and stability of the circulating water-cooled grate are enhanced.
According to the experimental data of wood chip biomass fuel gasification of the specific embodiment of the invention, the ratio of the combustion area of the circulating water-cooled grate at the bottom of the gasifier to the biomass fuel gasification treatment amount per hour is 2.1: 1, namely 2.1M2The combustion area of the fire grate can gasify 1 ton of biomass fuel per hour, and the biomass gas produced by gasifying 1 ton of biomass fuel can produce 5 tons of standard steam.
This embodiment is a small biogasIn the chemical project, the biomass gasification furnace is matched and used with a natural gas boiler, and a 6-ton natural gas boiler is matched and used for supplying steam to a factory. The biomass gasification furnace is of a cuboid-shaped structure, the length of the biomass gasification furnace is 2.75 meters, the width of the biomass gasification furnace is 1 meter, the length-width ratio of the biomass gasification furnace is 2.75 meters, and the height of the biomass gasification furnace is 3.4 meters. The bottom of the gasification furnace is provided with 45 circulating water-cooled grates, and the combustion area of the grates is 2.6M2About 1.2 tons of wood chips are gasified to process the biomass fuel per hour, and the generated biogas completely meets the requirement of a 6-ton steam boiler, thereby completely replacing the natural gas fuel originally used by the natural gas boiler.
In the embodiment, two feed inlets are symmetrically arranged at the upper parts of the 1-meter wide sides at two sides, hoppers are respectively arranged on the two feed inlets, and an inner feeder and an outer feeder are respectively arranged at two sides of each feed inlet. When the gasifier normally operates, feeding is carried out from two sides of a wide edge, the material level in the gasifier is high at two sides and low in the middle, the highest drop of the material level in the gasifier is about 1.5 m, the temperature field distribution of the gasifier is high at the middle and low at two sides, wood chip biomass fuel is combusted on a grate, the combustion and gasification of the middle part are fast, the combustion and gasification of the two side parts are slow, and biomass wood chips in different gasification process stages slowly roll and move from two sides to the middle part, so that multi-stage gasification is realized. High gasification efficiency, about 2700M gas produced per hour2Biogas.
The embodiment realizes full automation of feeding and feeding, and automation of ash discharging is not realized. 2 operators are arranged in each shift, workers are easy, and the labor is saved by 50 &comparedwith the similar biomass gasification project.
According to another large-scale biomass gasification project for central heat supply of an industrial park, the specific implementation mode of wood chip biomass fuel gasification is that a 60MW biomass gasification furnace is matched with 5 corresponding natural gas boilers with 20 steam tons, the total load of steam heat supply is 100 steam tons, and the combustion area of a furnace bottom grate of the gasification furnace arranged in the project is 46.78M2And about 20 tons of biomass fuel is gasified and treated per hour. The biomass gasification capacity scale is equal to four times of the maximum capacity of 15MW of a circular fluidized bed biomass gasification furnace and a fixed bed biomass gasification furnace in the prior gasification furnace manufacturing technology.
Although the present invention discloses the above embodiments in different scales, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to implicate a multi-stage gasification process. Any person skilled in the art can make some improvements without departing from the scope of the multi-stage gasification method, and use a fixed bed with a symmetrical structure or an asymmetrical structure according to the shape of the gasification furnace cube of the present invention, but the technical idea of forming slow moving multi-stage gasification by using the level drop in the furnace is implied, for example, single-side feeding can also use different level drops of biomass in the gasification furnace to move slowly, so as to realize the multi-stage gasification effect. Any modification or variation of the method of the present invention, i.e., any equivalent, equivalent or similar improvement made according to the technical idea of the multi-stage gasification process implied by the fixed bed of the biomass gasification furnace shaped structure of the present invention, should be covered by the scope of the present invention.
Claims (18)
1. A biomass multi-stage gasification method is characterized in that multi-stage gasification is realized through a biomass gasification overall system which comprises 7 subsystems, namely a cuboid fixed bed biomass gasification furnace body, a feeding system, a reciprocating type grate ash discharging system, a gasification control system, a biogas outlet and safety protection system, automatic biomass fuel feeding, automatic biomass fuel identification and the like.
2. The biomass gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the rectangular solid bed biomass gasification furnace body having circulating water at the lower part of the furnace body has a shape different from that of the conventional circular gasification furnace body, and the substantial technical feature is that the biomass fuel in different pyrolysis gasification process stages such as oxidation, reduction, pyrolysis and dry distillation is gradually moved from the two sides of the wide side to the middle part of the furnace body by feeding the biomass fuel from the two sides of the wide side of the rectangular solid bed biomass gasification furnace body to form material level drops of different heights in the direction of the long side of the rectangular solid gasification furnace body, thereby realizing multi-stage gasification of the biomass fuel in different parts of the gasification furnace and temperature field.
3. The biomass gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the feeding system comprises two symmetrically arranged feeding ports, a feeder and a hopper at the side part of the wide side of the upper part of the gasification furnace body, and the feeder is connected with the gasification control system to realize the automatic control feeding of the feeding system.
4. The feeding system of claim 3, further comprising a plug formed by the biomass fuel stored in the feeding port and the upper hopper thereof, wherein the plug has an automatic sealing function for the gasifier body, so as to effectively block the gas flow inside and outside the gasifier body and prevent the biogas in the gasifier from leaking.
5. The feeding system of claim 3, further comprising feeders respectively disposed at both sides of the feeding port and performing linkage, wherein the linkage feeder is actuated to perform linkage feeding from the hopper to the inside of the gasification furnace body through the feeding port.
6. The feeding system of claim 5, further comprising a feeder set drive motor in communication with the gasification control system for automatically controlling the feeding.
7. The biomass gasification system of claim 1, wherein the reciprocating grate and ash discharge system comprises a fixed rotary water-cooled grate and a reciprocating ash pusher, a wet ash discharge tank and a slag water tank and a slag auger.
8. The reciprocating grate and ash discharge system as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a fixed water pipe grate, said grate being a water-cooled grate, said water-cooled grate comprising a plurality of parallel grate bars, each of said grate bars being a pipe member with a cavity made of a heat conductive material, and a water pipe thereof being provided with a circulating water system, said circulating water system being provided with a temperature-sensing automatic controller, a driving motor of said temperature-sensing automatic controller being connected to and communicating with a gasification control system, thereby realizing automatic temperature adjustment and control of the fixed water pipe grate, and preventing ash and slag agglomeration on the upper portion of the grate due to damage of the grate caused by an excessive combustion temperature and out-of-control grate temperature.
9. The reciprocating grate and ash discharge system as claimed in claim 7, further comprising large gasification furnaces, ash pushers installed in parallel in different zones above the grate, wherein the small and medium gasification furnaces can set the grate as an automatic control rotary grate according to the actual situation, no ash pusher is installed above the grate, a reciprocating ash pusher is installed below the grate, and an ash automatic control inductor is installed, and the ash automatic control inductor and the ash pusher are connected and communicated with the gasification control system, so as to realize the automatic control ash pushing of the reciprocating ash pusher above and below the grate.
10. The reciprocating grate and ash discharge system as claimed in claim 7, further comprising a wet ash discharge tank disposed under the ash pusher below the grate, and an automatic slag discharge water tank disposed along the outer side of the long side of the furnace body, wherein the biomass is burned to form ash and automatically falls into the ash discharge tank, and is cooled by water to form ash, the ash pusher pushes the ash formed by the ash falling into the ash discharge tank into the slag discharge water tank connected to the ash discharge tank, and the ash discharge auger in the slag discharge water tank is controlled by an ash sensing automatic controller to automatically control slag discharge.
11. The biomass gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the biogas outlet and the safety protection system are located at the top of the gasification furnace, and are respectively provided with a biogas outlet pipeline and a gas emptying chimney and water seal protection device of a gasification furnace safety protection facility, so as to realize the biogas output of the gasification furnace and the safety protection of the gasification furnace.
12. The biogas outlet and safety protection system as claimed in claim 11, further comprising a biogas outlet pipeline provided with a high-power high-temperature induced draft fan for leading out and delivering high-temperature biogas to be used by a biogas terminal boiler, wherein the water seal protection device arranged on the high-temperature gas pipeline at the rear end of the output port of the high-temperature induced draft fan has the same principle as the water seal protection device arranged on the top of the gasification furnace, but different pressure protection parameters are set, when the biogas pressure of the gasification furnace or the high-temperature gas pipeline exceeds the set pressure protection limit, the biogas breaks through the liquid pressure water surface and leaks out, so as to ensure that the gas pressure of the gasification furnace and the high-temperature gas pipeline never exceeds the set parameter limit, thereby protecting the safety of the gasification furnace, the gas pipeline, the gas boiler system and the like.
13. The gasifier flare protection chimney of claim 11, further comprising an automatic protection safety valve in communication with the gasification control system for automatic protection of the gasifier, the biogas flare stack being provided in parallel with a manual intervention safety protection device.
14. The biomass gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the gasification control system comprises software, hardware, a data and communication system and a video monitoring system, and forms a gasification project system control center for biomass gasification, and the gasification project system control center is connected with an upstream fuel warehouse automatic feeding system, a gasifier bottom automatic ash pushing and slag discharging system, a downstream gas use terminal boiler control system and the like, so as to realize closed-loop control of the gasification project level of the biomass gasification and biogas use terminal.
15. The gasification control system of claim 14, further comprising a system interface of the gasification project system control center connected to the biomass gasification general control center at company level, and the system interface is used for realizing open-loop control and video monitoring of the gasification project system by the biomass gasification general control center at company level through information transmission, communication, data exchange, video monitoring system and the like.
16. The gasification project system control center of claim 14, further comprising a closed loop control system of biomass gasification and biogas utilization terminals of the gasification project system control center, wherein a downstream gas utilization terminal boiler combustion system of the closed loop control system selects a gas fusion combustion technology and an equipment system thereof which can freely switch and use ultralow-nitrogen biogas and natural gas, so as to realize free switching and use of two gas fuels, namely natural gas and biogas, wherein the natural gas is used as a backup fuel, and the natural gas backup fuel is used only during overhaul, maintenance and repair of the biomass gasification system, so that the closed loop control system of the biomass gasification and biogas utilization terminals is ensured to be continuously online for 24 hours in 365 days, and industrial continuous production operation is safely and stably carried out.
17. The biomass gasification system according to claim 1, wherein the biomass fuel automatic identification system is integrated with the biomass fuel automatic feeding and conveying system, so that the biomass gasification system can automatically identify and reject non-standard fuels, such as coal and its conversion fuel, domestic garbage and other solid waste and hazardous waste substances, which are not specified by the biomass fuel standard, during the biomass fuel feeding and conveying process. The biomass fuel automatic identification system intelligently and automatically identifies other non-standard fuels which are not allowed by the biomass gasification system, automatically alarms, and refuses to feed and convey the non-standard fuels.
18. The automatic biomass fuel identification system and automatic biomass fuel feeding system as claimed in claim 17, further comprising the automatic biomass fuel identification system setting the identification mode of the standard biomass fuel and the non-standard biomass fuel, the type and category standard of the fuel, monitoring the identification parameters, etc. according to the relevant legal and regulatory standards, and dynamically adjusting the relevant type and identification mode and the set parameters, so as to ensure that the biomass gas produced by the biomass gasification system meets the carbon neutralization biogas standard and the requirements of the relevant methodologies such as international carbon emission VCS certification or chinese carbon emission CCER certification.
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