CN210107373U - Biomass fluidized bed boiler with external bed high-temperature separation mode - Google Patents
Biomass fluidized bed boiler with external bed high-temperature separation mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN210107373U CN210107373U CN201921032101.1U CN201921032101U CN210107373U CN 210107373 U CN210107373 U CN 210107373U CN 201921032101 U CN201921032101 U CN 201921032101U CN 210107373 U CN210107373 U CN 210107373U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a living beings fluidized bed boiler with external bed high temperature separation form, belongs to fluidized bed boiler technical field, solves current living beings boiler operation in-process bed temperature too high, causes boiler heating surface deposition ash and coking, leads to frequent maintenance of boiler, seriously influences the problem of the economic nature of power plant's operation. A water-cooling evaporation screen and a screen type superheater are arranged in the hearth; the cyclone separator is connected with the lower part of the hearth through a first circulating material pipeline, the cyclone separator is also connected with the inlet end of the external bed through a second circulating material pipeline, the outlet end of the external bed is connected with the lower part of the hearth, a conical valve is arranged on the second circulating material pipeline, and the opening degree of the conical valve is controlled by a DCS (distributed control system); a U-shaped screen type superheater is arranged in the flue I, a medium-temperature superheater, a low-temperature superheater and an economizer are sequentially arranged in the flue II from bottom to top, and a flue gas denitration device and an air preheater are arranged in the secondary flue. The utility model is used for biomass combustion electricity generation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a living beings fluidized bed boiler, concretely relates to living beings fluidized bed boiler with external bed high temperature separation form belongs to fluidized bed boiler technical field.
Background
Biomass energy is an important new energy in the world, has wide application, plays an important role in dealing with global climate change, energy supply and demand contradiction, ecological environment protection and the like, and is the fourth largest energy behind petroleum, coal and natural gas in the world. The biomass energy utilization technology belongs to the technical direction of great support and encouragement in the national energy field, and has important significance in the aspects of energy conservation and emission reduction, carbon emission reduction, improvement of the livelihood and the like in China.
Biomass combustion power generation is a main mode for biomass energy utilization, and the biomass direct combustion technology can realize treatment and heat utilization of agriculture and forestry residues, hazardous waste and solid waste (municipal refuse and the like) and volatile organic compounds. The direct combustion of biomass can be carried out by a circulating fluidized bed boiler or a traveling grate boiler. The fluidized bed boiler has the characteristics of high combustion efficiency, good adaptability of biomass fuel, capability of realizing in-furnace desulfurization, low NOx emission concentration, comprehensive utilization of ash and slag and the like, and thus the fluidized bed boiler occupies a main use position.
The biomass fuel of different biomass fuels has different contents, biomass fuels of biomass power plants in different regions are various, and the biomass fuels refer to the combustion of livestock excrement and urine, and the like, because of the particularity of the biomass fuels, the bed temperature can not be stabilized at a design value in the operation process of the existing biomass boiler, and the phenomenon of overhigh bed temperature happens occasionally, so that biomass ash after being burnt out by the boiler is just in a molten state when a U-shaped screen type superheater is arranged in a flue and is heated, the biomass ash can be bonded on a heated surface, the heat exchange of the boiler is seriously influenced, the output of main steam of the boiler is insufficient, the temperature of the main steam can not reach the design value, the efficiency of the boiler is reduced, a steam turbine can not reach a rated load, the boiler can operate under a severe variable working condition, and. Therefore, the boiler needs to be shut down and overhauled within 1-2 months, and when the biomass containing alkali and high salt content is used, the operation time of the boiler is greatly shortened, and the economical efficiency of the operation of a power plant is seriously influenced.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a living beings fluidized bed boiler with external bed high temperature separation form to solve current living beings boiler operation in-process bed high temperature, cause boiler heating surface deposition and coking, lead to the boiler to frequently overhaul, seriously influence the problem of the economic nature of power plant's operation.
The technical scheme is as follows:
a biomass fluidized bed boiler with an external bed high-temperature separation mode comprises a hearth, a cyclone separator and a flue; the hearth, the cyclone separator and the flue are sequentially connected along the direction of flue gas, and a biomass feed inlet is arranged on the hearth;
a water-cooling evaporation screen and a screen type superheater are arranged in the hearth, the water-cooling evaporation screen and the screen type superheater are arranged on the left side and the right side of the hearth respectively, the lower end of the hearth is connected with an air chamber, an air distribution plate is arranged at the joint of the air chamber and the hearth, primary air enters the hearth through the air chamber to participate in combustion, and secondary air enters the hearth through a secondary air port in a dense-phase region of the hearth to participate in combustion;
the lower part of the cyclone separator is provided with a material return valve, the cyclone separator is connected with the lower part of the hearth through a first circulating material pipeline, the cyclone separator is also connected with the inlet end of the external bed through a second circulating material pipeline, the outlet end of the external bed is connected with the lower part of the hearth, the second circulating material pipeline is provided with a conical valve, and the opening degree of the conical valve is controlled by a DCS (distributed control system);
the flue comprises a first-stage flue, a horizontal flue and a second-stage flue, the outlet of the first-stage flue is communicated with the inlet of the second-stage flue through the horizontal flue, a partition plate is vertically arranged in the first-stage flue and divides the first-stage flue into a flue I and a flue II, so that the flue gas moves in the first-stage flue in a U shape, a U-shaped screen superheater is arranged in the flue I, a medium-temperature superheater, a low-temperature superheater and an economizer are sequentially arranged in the flue II from bottom to top, and a flue gas denitration device and an air preheater are arranged in the second-stage flue.
Further: and the primary air and the secondary air are heated and then are introduced into the hearth.
Further: the DCS system is a YOKOgawa DCS system, an Emerson DCS system or an INVENSYSDCS system.
Further: limestone is arranged in the hearth. Therefore, the in-furnace desulfurization is realized, and the cost of constructing desulfurization equipment for the boiler is reduced.
The utility model discloses the effect that reaches does:
the utility model provides a novel have external bed high temperature separation form living beings fluidized bed boiler structure, biomass fuel adaptability is stronger, this kind of form fluidized bed boiler adjusts boiler bed temperature through external bed, the boiler is in bed temperature allowed range operation, ensure that the boiler flying dust is when the surface of heating through boiler U-shaped convection over heater, the temperature reduces below the ash fusion point, can not cause to arrange boiler heating surface deposition and coking in the flue, for conventional living beings fluidized bed boiler, the boiler maintenance cycle has been prolonged, promote the operation economy of power plant, boiler furnace flue gas flow field and temperature field distribution are even better simultaneously, biomass combustion efficiency is high, and NOx's emission value is less than conventional living beings circulating fluidized bed boiler. The bed temperature of the fluidized bed boiler is controlled to be 800-850 ℃, the fuel combustion efficiency is high, the original NOx emission concentration can be effectively reduced under the condition that the temperature field and the material flow field in the boiler are uniformly distributed, the catalyst input amount and the reducing agent consumption amount of the flue gas denitration device are reduced, and the flue gas denitration cost is effectively reduced. The bed temperature is adjusted through the external bed, and the low-load operation stability of the fluidized bed boiler is better. Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
1. by adopting the fluidized bed boiler, the bed temperature of the boiler can be effectively controlled by controlling the amount of circulating materials entering the external bed, the bed temperature of the boiler can reach 800-850 ℃, and compared with a common biomass boiler under the conditions of the same height and the same combustion time, the combustion efficiency of biomass fuel is high.
2. By adopting the fluidized bed boiler, the heating surface of a partial superheater is arranged in the external bed, the arrangement pressure of the heating surface in the hearth is reduced, the height of the boiler can be properly reduced, and the investment of a steel structure and the heating surface of the hearth is reduced.
3. By adopting the fluidized bed boiler, the screen type heating surface arranged in the flue can reduce the temperature of the flue gas to be below the melting point of the biomass, so that the heating surface does not have chance and corrosion when the flue gas passes through the heating surface in the flue.
4. By adopting the fluidized bed in the form, the bed temperature and the flue gas flow field uniformity of the boiler are easier to ensure, the original NOx emission concentration of the boiler is effectively reduced, and the investment cost of a flue gas denitration device is reduced.
5. By adopting the fluidized bed, the bed temperature is adjusted by the external bed, the uniformity of a temperature field in the boiler can still be ensured under lower load of the boiler, the heat absorption deviation of working media on the heating surface of the boiler is small, and the hydrodynamic force is high in safety and reliability, so that the boiler can safely and stably operate under lower load.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front cross-sectional view of a biomass fluidized bed boiler with an external bed high temperature separation;
FIG. 2 is a top cross-sectional view of a biomass fluidized bed boiler with an external bed high temperature separation.
In the figure: 1-hearth; 2-a cyclone separator; 3-flue I; 4-flue II; 5-secondary flue 3; 6-air chamber; 7-external bed; 8-a material return valve; 9-a cone valve; 10-air distribution plate; 11-water-cooling evaporation screen; 12-platen superheater; 13-medium temperature superheater; 14-a low temperature superheater; 15-an economizer; 16-U platen superheater; 17-an air preheater; 18-biomass feed port; 19-flue gas denitration device; 20-a first recycle material line; 21-a second recycle material line; 22-partition plate.
Detailed Description
Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the biomass fluidized bed boiler with an external bed high-temperature separation mode according to the embodiment includes a furnace 1, a cyclone separator 2 and a flue; the hearth 1, the cyclone separator 2 and the flue are sequentially connected along the direction of flue gas, and a biomass feed inlet 18 is arranged on the hearth 1; a water-cooling evaporation screen 11 and a screen type superheater 12 are arranged in the hearth 1, the water-cooling evaporation screen 11 and the screen type superheater 12 are arranged on two side walls of the hearth 1 in a left-right split mode, an air chamber 6 is connected to the lower end of the hearth 1, an air distribution plate 10 is installed at the joint of the air chamber 6 and the hearth 1, primary air enters the hearth through the air chamber 6 after being heated to participate in combustion, and secondary air enters the hearth through a secondary air port in a dense-phase region of the hearth after being heated to participate in combustion; a material return valve 8 is arranged at the lower part of the cyclone separator 2, the cyclone separator 2 is connected with the lower part of the hearth 1 through a first circulating material pipeline 20, the cyclone separator 2 is also connected with the inlet end of the external bed 7 through a second circulating material pipeline 21, the outlet end of the external bed 7 is connected with the lower part of the hearth 1, a conical valve 9 is arranged on the second circulating material pipeline 21, and the opening degree of the conical valve 9 is controlled by a DCS (distributed control system); the flue comprises a primary flue, a horizontal flue and a secondary flue 5, the outlet of the primary flue is communicated with the inlet of the secondary flue 5 through the horizontal flue, a partition plate 22 is vertically arranged in the primary flue, the primary flue is divided into a flue I3 and a flue II4, the flue gas moves in the primary flue in a U shape, a U-shaped screen type superheater 16 is arranged in the flue I3, a medium-temperature superheater 13, a low-temperature superheater 14 and an economizer 15 are sequentially arranged in the flue II from bottom to top, and a flue gas denitration device 19 and an air preheater 17 are arranged in the secondary flue 5. The DCS system is a YOKOgawa DCS system, an Emerson DCS system or an INVENSYS DCS system. Limestone is arranged in the hearth 1.
The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:
agriculture and forestry biomass, livestock manure or a mixture of a plurality of biomasses enter a hearth 1 through a biomass feeding port 18 to be mixed and combusted with circulating materials in a boiler, first air and second air are heated by an air preheater, first air enters fluidized bed materials and fuels of the hearth through an air chamber 6 and an air distribution plate 10, second air enters the boiler through a secondary air port in a dense-phase region of the boiler to participate in combustion, combustion products of the biomass fuels enter a cyclone separator 2 along with the circulating materials and flue gas, after gas-solid separation, a part of the separated circulating materials returns to the hearth 1 through a material return valve 8 to continue heating the biomass fuels, a part of the separated circulating materials passes through an external bed 7 to heat working media in an external bed superheater and then returns to the hearth 1, the circulating materials entering the external bed can be adjusted by controlling the opening degree of a conical valve 9 entering the external bed, and the temperature of the circulating materials entering the hearth of the, thereby controlling the bed temperature of the boiler. The flue gas separated by the cyclone separator 2 enters a flue I3, is cooled to below the melting point of biomass ash by a U-shaped screen superheater 16 arranged in a flue I3, then enters a flue II4, sequentially passes through a medium-temperature superheater 13, a low-temperature superheater 14 and a heating surface of an economizer 15 arranged in a flue II4, then enters a secondary flue 5, passes through a flue gas denitration device 19 and an air preheater 17 arranged in the secondary flue 5, is reduced to a reasonable exhaust temperature value, enters subsequent dedusting and desulfurization equipment, and is discharged into the atmosphere after being processed.
The fluidized bed boiler has the outstanding advantages that an external bed specially designed for a biomass boiler is adopted, a superheater heating surface is arranged in the external bed to absorb heat of high-temperature circulating materials, a conical valve at an inlet of the external bed is incorporated into a DCS system, the circulating material quantity of the external bed can be adjusted in real time according to the set range of the bed temperature of the boiler, the bed temperature is controlled, the temperature of flue gas entering a flue 1 is controlled within a design value, the temperature of ash in the flue gas is reduced to be below a melting point after the flue gas is cooled by a U-shaped screen type superheater, and the phenomena of ash accumulation and corrosion of a lower stage heating surface can not occur any more.
Adopt fluidized bed boiler burning living beings, can adopt the stove in add the lime stone and realize the interior desulfurization of stove, reduce the cost of boiler construction sweetener, fluidized bed boiler bed temperature can be controlled at 800 ~ 850 ℃ simultaneously, fuel combustion efficiency is high, under the even condition of guaranteeing the interior temperature field of stove and material flow field distribution, can the original NOx emission concentration of effectual reduction, reduced flue gas denitrification facility catalyst input and reductant consumption, effectively reduce the flue gas denitration cost. The bed temperature is adjusted through the external bed, and the low-load operation stability of the fluidized bed boiler is better.
Although the embodiments of the present invention are described above, the contents thereof are merely embodiments adopted to facilitate understanding of the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any person skilled in the art can make any modifications and changes in the form and details of the implementation without departing from the core technical solution disclosed in the present invention, but the scope of protection defined by the present invention must still be subject to the scope defined by the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A biomass fluidized bed boiler with an external bed high-temperature separation mode comprises a hearth (1), a cyclone separator (2) and a flue; the hearth (1), the cyclone separator (2) and the flue are sequentially connected along the direction of flue gas, and a biomass feed inlet (18) is arranged on the hearth (1);
the method is characterized in that: a water-cooling evaporation screen (11) and a screen type superheater (12) are arranged in the hearth (1), the water-cooling evaporation screen (11) and the screen type superheater (12) are arranged on two side walls of the hearth (1) in a left-right split mode, the lower end of the hearth (1) is connected with an air chamber (6), an air distribution plate (10) is installed at the joint of the air chamber (6) and the hearth (1), primary air enters the hearth through the air chamber (6) to participate in combustion, and secondary air enters the hearth through a secondary air port in a dense-phase region of the hearth to participate in combustion;
a material return valve (8) is arranged at the lower part of the cyclone separator (2), the cyclone separator (2) is connected with the lower part of the hearth (1) through a first circulating material pipeline (20), the cyclone separator (2) is also connected with the inlet end of the external bed (7) through a second circulating material pipeline (21), the outlet end of the external bed (7) is connected with the lower part of the hearth (1), a conical valve (9) is arranged on the second circulating material pipeline (21), and the opening degree of the conical valve (9) is controlled by a DCS system;
the flue includes one-level flue, horizontal flue and secondary flue (5), and the export of one-level flue passes through the entry intercommunication of horizontal flue and secondary flue (5), vertically in the one-level flue install baffle (22), divide into flue I (3) and flue II (4) with the one-level flue for the trend of flue gas in the one-level flue is the U font, is provided with U-shaped screen superheater (16) in flue I (3), has set gradually medium temperature over heater (13), low temperature over heater (14) and economizer (15) by supreme down in flue II (4), is provided with flue gas denitrification facility (19) and air heater (17) in secondary flue (5).
2. The biomass fluidized bed boiler with the external bed high-temperature separation mode as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: and the primary air and the secondary air are heated and then are introduced into the hearth.
3. The biomass fluidized bed boiler with the external bed high-temperature separation form according to the claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the DCS system is a YOKOgawa DCS system, an Emerson DCS system or an INVENSYSDCS system.
4. The biomass fluidized bed boiler with the external bed high-temperature separation mode as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: limestone is arranged in the hearth (1).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201921032101.1U CN210107373U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Biomass fluidized bed boiler with external bed high-temperature separation mode |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201921032101.1U CN210107373U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Biomass fluidized bed boiler with external bed high-temperature separation mode |
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| CN210107373U true CN210107373U (en) | 2020-02-21 |
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| CN201921032101.1U Active CN210107373U (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2019-07-03 | Biomass fluidized bed boiler with external bed high-temperature separation mode |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111637452A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-09-08 | 东南大学 | Pressurizing oxygen-enriched combustion device and method for circulating fluidized bed |
| CN115479270A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-12-16 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Rapid load-variable circulating fluidized bed boiler and load adjusting method thereof |
-
2019
- 2019-07-03 CN CN201921032101.1U patent/CN210107373U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111637452A (en) * | 2020-05-18 | 2020-09-08 | 东南大学 | Pressurizing oxygen-enriched combustion device and method for circulating fluidized bed |
| CN115479270A (en) * | 2022-09-20 | 2022-12-16 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Rapid load-variable circulating fluidized bed boiler and load adjusting method thereof |
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