CN212128064U - Solid heat carrier furnace with controllable solid circulation amount in anaerobic pyrolysis environment - Google Patents
Solid heat carrier furnace with controllable solid circulation amount in anaerobic pyrolysis environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A solid heat carrier furnace with controllable solid circulation amount in an anaerobic pyrolysis environment comprises a furnace body, wherein a slag discharge pipe and an air distribution device are arranged at the bottom of the furnace body; the rear wall of the furnace body is provided with a heat carrier feeding device, the lower part of the heat carrier feeding device is provided with a feeding control valve and a feeding inclined pipe, and the feeding inclined pipe is connected with the furnace body; the front wall at the top of the furnace body is connected with the cyclone separator; the lower part of the cyclone separator is sequentially connected with a buffer bin, a blanking controller, a solid flow meter, a reactor, an intermediate bin, a material returning device and a material returning pipe, and the material returning pipe is connected with the furnace body to form a circulating channel of a solid heat carrier circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of heat carrier furnaces, in particular to a solid heat carrier furnace with controllable solid circulation amount in an anaerobic pyrolysis environment.
Background
The pyrolysis treatment technology of the household garbage in an oxygen-free environment can reduce the waste emission of the household garbage, dioxin is hardly generated in the treatment process, the combustible oil after the pyrolysis treatment is a clean and environment-friendly liquid fuel, and pyrolysis gas after the pyrolysis treatment mainly comprises CO, CH4, H2 and the like, and can be used as a substitute fuel of natural gas and a raw material of various chemical products. The solid heat carrier and the household garbage are directly contacted for pyrolysis, and the solid heat carrier has the advantages of high unit volume heat capacity, high heat efficiency, cyclic utilization, capability of realizing anaerobic pyrolysis and the like. Therefore, the method for pyrolyzing the household garbage by using the high-temperature solid medium as the heat carrier is a rapid, efficient and environment-friendly means, and has great development potential.
The cyclic heating, controllable flow and continuous operation of the solid heat carrier are key points in the domestic garbage pyrolysis process. The solid heat carrier pyrolysis technology is adopted, and various problems that the solid heat carrier is subjected to gas-solid separation and solid-solid separation at high temperature, the heat carrier is uniformly heated in a heat carrier furnace, the heat carrier is continuously recycled, especially, the anaerobic pyrolysis environment capable of continuously running and the heat carrier circulation quantity can be accurately controlled according to the garbage treatment quantity are solved.
At present, the household garbage pyrolysis furnace mainly adopts indirect heat exchange or utilizes high-temperature gas to directly contact and exchange heat. The realization of the oxygen insulation environment depends on a sealing mechanism, and the structure is complex and is easy to generate faults; some valves are arranged, and oxygen-poor sealing is realized by discontinuously opening and closing the valves, so that the interlocking procedure is complex and complete oxygen insulation cannot be ensured; still others rely on the gas seal pattern of inert gas injection to reduce the calorific value of the pyrolysis products. The direct contact heat exchange by utilizing a high-temperature solid heat carrier and the guarantee of an anaerobic pyrolysis environment for continuous operation are not reported.
The conventional circulating fluidized bed directly returns to the hearth through the material returning equipment after circulating through the cyclone separator. The circulation amount depends on the amount of fluidized air blown into the cyclone separator, and the amount blown into the cyclone separator determines the amount of the returned material equipment returned into the furnace, so that the control of the circulation amount cannot be realized.
And part of the fluidized bed is additionally provided with material returning equipment and is of a U-shaped or L-shaped valve structure, the circulating material returns to the hearth and is provided with air or steam close to the outside, and the circulating material returns to the hearth through the fluidization effect of the gas. The circulating material may be agglomerated into blocky slag, so that the material returning equipment is blocked, the system fault is caused, the accuracy of the material returning amount is controlled by the air quantity, and the accurate control of the circulating amount can hardly be realized.
At present, no solid heat carrier furnace can realize a continuous and stable anaerobic environment, and a furnace type structure for accurately controlling the circulating quantity of a solid heat carrier is realized, so that the development of a solid heat carrier pyrolysis household garbage technology is hindered.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the solid heat carrier furnace realizes an anaerobic pyrolysis environment by utilizing continuous and stable dynamic material sealing of a high-temperature solid heat carrier, and simultaneously realizes accurate control of the circulation quantity of the solid heat carrier.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a solid heat carrier furnace with controllable solid circulation amount in an anaerobic pyrolysis environment comprises a furnace body, wherein a slag discharge pipe and an air distribution device are arranged at the bottom of the furnace body; the rear wall of the furnace body is provided with a heat carrier feeding device, the lower part of the heat carrier feeding device is provided with a feeding control valve and a feeding inclined pipe, and the feeding inclined pipe is connected with the furnace body; the front wall at the top of the furnace body is connected with the cyclone separator; the lower part of the cyclone separator is sequentially connected with a buffer bin, a blanking controller, a solid flow meter, a reactor, an intermediate bin, a material returning device and a material returning pipe, and the material returning pipe is connected with the furnace body to form a circulating channel of a solid heat carrier circuit;
the side wall of the furnace body is provided with a secondary air oil gas burner, the primary air combustion chamber is connected with the bottom burner, and the air supply equipment is respectively connected with the secondary air oil gas burner and the bottom burner; a flue gas outlet at the top of the cyclone separator is connected with a waste heat recovery device to form a gas phase channel;
the blanking controller is arranged at the lower part of the buffer bin;
the intermediate bin is a cavity with a conical structure at the lower part, wear-resistant and heat-insulating castable is laid in the intermediate bin, and a solid level indicator is arranged on the intermediate bin;
the material returning equipment adopts a spiral structure;
the lower part of the heat carrier feeding device is connected with a feeding control valve and a feeding inclined pipe, and the feeding inclined pipe is connected with the furnace body.
The furnace body is a rectangular section structure, adopts an internal heat insulation design and is a water-cooled wall hearth or a heat insulation castable hearth.
A bottom burner and a primary air combustion chamber are arranged below the furnace body bed, and a secondary air oil-gas burner is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body; the air supply equipment is a variable frequency fan.
The air distribution device comprises an air distribution plate, an air cap and a wear-resistant lining; the hood is of an integrally cast bell-type structure and is connected with the air distribution plate through a threaded structure, and the hood is detachable and easy to overhaul and replace; the slag discharge pipe is positioned in the center of the air distribution plate.
The reactor is a horizontal mechanical fluidization device with functions of conveying, mixing, heating and high-temperature oxygen-free sealing, the inner wall of the reactor is made of wear-resistant refractory castable and light heat-insulating materials, and the outer wall of the reactor is made of carbon steel plates.
A buffer bin is arranged at the lower part of the cyclone separator; wherein, the cyclone separator is a vertical cylinder gas-solid separator, adopts an internal heat insulation structure and is of a water wall type or a heat insulation castable type; the surge bin is of a conical structure, heat insulation and wear-resistant castable is laid on the inner wall of the surge bin, and the solid level indicator is arranged on the side wall of the surge bin in 4 layers.
The material returning equipment adopts a spiral structure, the spiral body is made of heat-resistant stainless steel, and wear-resistant heat-insulating pouring materials are laid inside the spiral body.
The material returning equipment adopts a star-shaped distributor.
The included angle between the material returning pipe and the furnace body is not more than 60 degrees, and the inner wall is laid with wear-resistant heat-insulating pouring materials.
The lower part of the heat carrier feeding device is connected with a feeding control valve and a feeding inclined tube, the feeding inclined tube is connected with the furnace body, and the included angle between the feeding inclined tube and the furnace body is not more than 60 degrees.
The invention has the following remarkable effects:
1) the intermediate storage bin (7) of the solid heat carrier furnace has the function of storing a certain amount of solid heat carriers, the lower part of the intermediate storage bin (7) is provided with the material returning device (5), the solid heat carriers are returned to a hearth when the material returning device (5) works, and the solid heat carriers are stored in the intermediate storage bin (7) when the material returning device (5) stops working. When the device runs, the accurate control of the circulation quantity can be realized by controlling the rotating speed of the material returning device (5), adjusting the frequency of the air supply device (16) and the opening degree of the blanking controller (10), and the circulation quantity value of the solid heat carrier can be checked through the solid flowmeter (9). Namely, the precise control of the circulation quantity of the solid heat carrier can be realized through the combined regulation of the air supply device (16), the solid flow meter (9) and the material returning device (5).
2) According to the invention, solid material level meters (6) are arranged on the intermediate bin (7) and the buffer bin (11) to monitor the solid material levels in the intermediate bin (7) and the buffer bin (11), the control of the opening degree of a blanking controller (10) and the rotating speed of a material returning device (5) is realized through material level signals, the solid material levels in the intermediate bin (7) and the buffer bin (11) are automatically controlled, and the stable solid material level is realized; a stable dynamic seal of solid material is formed, thereby achieving an oxygen-free environment within the reactor (8).
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a solid heat carrier furnace with controllable solid circulation volume in an anaerobic pyrolysis environment;
in the figure: 1 primary air combustion chamber, 2 slag discharge pipes, 3 air distribution devices, 4 material return pipes, 5 material return devices, 6 solid material level meters, 7 intermediate storage bins, 8 reactors, 9 solid flow meters, 10 blanking controllers, 11 buffer bins, 12 waste heat recovery devices, 13 cyclone separators, 14 furnace bodies, 15 secondary air oil-gas burners, 16 air supply devices, 17 heat carrier feeding devices, 18 feeding inclined pipes, 19 feeding control valves and 20 bottom burners.
a slag discharge port and b solid heat carrier feed port
Detailed Description
A solid heat carrier furnace with controllable solid circulation amount in an anaerobic pyrolysis environment comprises a furnace body 14, wherein a slag discharge pipe 2 and an air distribution device 3 are arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 14. The rear wall of the furnace body 14 is provided with a heat carrier feeding device 17, the lower part of the heat carrier feeding device 17 is provided with a feeding control valve 19 and a feeding inclined tube 18, and the feeding inclined tube 18 is connected with the furnace body 14. The top front wall of the furnace body 14 is connected with the cyclone separator 13. The lower part of the cyclone separator 13 is sequentially connected with a buffer bin 11, a blanking controller 10, a solid flowmeter 9, a reactor 8, an intermediate bin 7, a material returning device 5 and a material returning pipe 4, and the material returning pipe 4 is connected with a furnace body 14 to form a circulating channel of a solid heat carrier circuit.
The secondary air oil gas combustor 15 is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body 14, the primary air combustion chamber 1 is connected with the bottom combustor 20, and the air supply device 16 is respectively connected with the secondary air oil gas combustor 15 and the bottom combustor 20. The top flue gas outlet of the cyclone separator 13 is connected with a waste heat recovery device 12. Forming a gas phase channel.
The air distribution device 3 is a device for supporting bed materials and distributing primary air at the bottom of the hearth, and plays a role in ensuring that fluidized air uniformly enters the hearth of the solid heat carrier furnace and realizing uniform fluidization of the materials. Mainly comprises a wind distribution plate, a wind cap and a wear-resistant lining. The air cap is made of 310S heat-resistant steel materials, is of an integrally cast bell-type structure and is connected with the air distribution plate through a threaded structure, and the air cap is detachable and easy to overhaul and replace. The slag discharge pipe is positioned in the center of the air distribution plate.
The air supply device 16 is a variable frequency fan.
The secondary air oil gas combustor 15 is an oil gas dual-purpose combustor.
The bottom burner 20 is a gas burner.
The reactor 8 is a horizontal mechanical fluidization device and has four functions of conveying, mixing, heating and high-temperature oxygen-free sealing. The shell of the reactor 8 is made of wear-resistant refractory castable and light heat-insulating material, and the outer wall of the reactor is made of carbon steel plate.
The cyclone separator 13 is a vertical gas-solid separator with a cylindrical structure, adopts an internal heat insulation structure, is a water-cooled wall hearth, and is characterized in that a layer of wear-resistant casting material is laid on the outer surface of the water-cooled wall, the thickness of the casting material is less than 50mm, and a heat insulation hearth can also be adopted. Separation efficiency is more than 90%, dc99: 100-.
The surge bin 11 is of a conical structure, and heat insulation and wear-resistant castable is laid on the inner wall of the surge bin. The solid level indicator 6 is arranged in 4 layers on the side wall.
The blanking controller 10 is installed at the lower part of the buffer bin 11 and is a pneumatic high-temperature solid regulating valve capable of automatic regulation.
The solid flow meter 9 is a solid flow meter which can measure the amount of the high-temperature solid heat carrier in real time.
The intermediate bunker 7 is in a structural type of 'straight cylinder + conical section', is a cavity with a conical structure at the lower part, and is internally laid with a wear-resistant and heat-insulating pouring material. The intermediate bin cylinder is provided with 4 layers of solid level indicators 6.
The material returning device 5 adopts a spiral structure and mainly comprises a speed reducing motor, a chain wheel, a bearing, a shaft, a seal, a shell, a spiral, a wear-resistant heat-insulating pouring material, a water-cooling joint and the like. Can be used for conveying a mixture consisting of solid heat carriers, carbon residues, blocky inorganic matters (bricks, tiles, stones, metals and the like) and the like. Inside the shell, the spiral is a cantilever type support, the spiral body is a heat-resistant stainless steel casting, and a wear-resistant heat-insulating pouring material is laid inside the spiral body. The material returning equipment 5 can also adopt a star-shaped distributor
The heat carrier feeding device 17 is a 'straight cylinder + conical section' structured bin, the lower part of the heat carrier feeding device is connected with a feeding control valve 19 and a feeding inclined pipe 18, and the feeding inclined pipe 18 is connected with the furnace body 14.
The included angle between the material returning pipe 4 and the furnace body 14 is not more than 60 degrees, and the inner wall is laid with wear-resistant heat-insulating castable. The angle between the charging inclined tube 18 and the furnace body 14 is not more than 60 degrees.
The working process of the device of the invention is as follows:
[1] the primary air and the secondary air are introduced into the bottom burner (20) and the secondary air oil-gas burner (15) by the air supply device (16) and are sent into the furnace body (14), sufficient solid heat carriers are added in a plurality of times from the heat carrier feeding device (17), and feeding is stopped after the circulation amount is reached.
[2] The solid heat carrier forms a gas-solid two-phase flow in the furnace body (14) under the action of primary air and secondary air, and gas-solid separation is realized in the cyclone separator (13). The separated flue gas is discharged into a waste heat recovery device (12) for heat recovery, and the solid heat carrier is separated and then returns to the furnace body (14) through a buffer bin (11), a reactor (8), an intermediate bin (7) and a material returning device (5) in sequence for solid material circulation.
[3] The solid heat carrier is in the heat absorption process in the furnace body (14), and the temperature of the solid heat carrier discharged from a hearth is about 850 ℃; the solid heat carrier is in the heat release process in the reactor (8), and the temperature when the solid heat carrier is discharged from the reactor (8) and returns to the furnace body (14) is about 500 ℃.
[4] The solid accumulation height in the buffer bin (11) forms a feeding seal, the solid accumulation height in the intermediate bin (7) forms a discharging seal, and the anaerobic environment in the reactor (8) is realized.
[5] The circulating amount of the solid heat carrier entering the furnace body (14) is controlled by adjusting the rotating speed of the material returning device (5), so that the aim of accurately controlling the circulating amount is fulfilled.
1) The precise control of the circulation amount of the solid heat carrier realizes the following processes:
the air supply device (16) adopts a variable frequency fan, and can adjust the primary and secondary air quantity sent to the bottom burner (20) and the secondary air oil-gas burner (15) by adjusting the frequency of the fan and the opening of an air supply valve, thereby controlling the quantity of the solid heat carrier blown into the cyclone separator (13) by the primary and secondary air in the furnace body (14).
The flow rate of the solid heat carrier can be accurately measured through the solid flow meter (9).
The material returning equipment (5) adopts a variable frequency motor to drive the spiral to rotate, and the material returning quantity is adjusted by adjusting the rotating speed of the spiral. The size of the internal space of the material returning equipment (5) is large, the material can be returned only by rotating, and blockage can not be generated. Because the upper part of the material returning device (5) is provided with the intermediate bin (7), the material returning device (5) is always in a full material state, the material returning amount and the rotating speed of the material returning device (5) are in a linear relation, and the rotating speed of the material returning device (5) is adjusted according to the flow of the solid flowmeter (9), so that the balance control of the circulating amount of the solid heat carrier in the furnace body (14) can be realized.
When the circulation volume needs to be increased, the fan frequency of the air supply device (16) is increased, the primary air and the secondary air are increased, when the material level in the buffer bin (11) is kept stable, the opening degree of the blanking controller (10) needs to be increased, so that the flow reading of the solid flowmeter (9) is increased, the rotating speed of the material returning device (5) is increased according to the flow value, the amount of solid heat carriers returning to the furnace body (14) is increased, and the increase of the circulation volume is realized.
When the circulation volume needs to be reduced, the fan frequency of the air supply device (16) is reduced, the primary air and the secondary air are reduced, and when the material level in the buffer bin (11) is kept stable, the opening degree of the blanking controller (10) needs to be reduced, so that the flow reading of the solid flowmeter (9) is reduced, the rotating speed of the material returning device (5) is reduced according to the flow value, the amount of solid heat carriers returning to the furnace body (14) is reduced, and the reduction of the circulation volume is realized.
2) The stable realization process of the solid material level:
the material level of the buffer bin (11) is monitored by a solid material level meter (6) arranged on the buffer bin (11), and 4 layers are arranged in a layered mode along the height direction and respectively comprise a high material level, a low material level and a low material level. Wherein the high material level and the low material level are used as alarm values, and the material level height is kept between the high material level and the low material level when the device is in normal operation. When the high material level alarms, the system automatically increases the opening degree of the blanking controller (10), thereby accelerating the outflow of the material in the buffer bin (11) and reducing the material level; when the low material level is alarmed, the opening degree of the blanking controller (10) is automatically reduced, so that the outflow of the materials in the buffer bin (11) is slowed down, and the material level is increased.
The material level of the intermediate bin (7) is monitored by a solid material level meter (6) arranged on the intermediate bin (7), and 4 layers of materials are arranged in layers along the height direction and respectively represent a high material level, a low material level and a low material level. Wherein the high material level and the low material level are used as alarm values, and the material level height is kept between the high material level and the low material level when the device is in normal operation. When the high material level alarms, the system automatically increases the rotating speed of the material returning device (5), so that the outflow of the materials in the intermediate storage bin (7) is accelerated, and the material level is reduced; when the low material level is alarmed, the rotating speed of the material returning device (5) is automatically reduced, so that the material in the intermediate storage bin (7) flows out slowly, and the material level is increased.
3) The anaerobic environment inside the reactor (8) realizes the process:
by adjusting the opening of the blanking controller (10), the amount of solid heat carriers in the buffer bin (11) can be continuously adjusted, and the dynamic balance of the materials entering and exiting the buffer bin (11) is realized, so that the materials are ensured to form stable dynamic material sealing in a certain material level range.
Through adjusting the rotational speed of returning charge equipment (5), can adjust the load of the solid heat carrier in intermediate bin (7) in succession, realize the dynamic balance of business turn over material in intermediate bin (7) to guarantee that the material forms stable developments material and seals in certain material level scope.
Under the action of two material seals, an oxygen-insulated environment isolated from the outside is realized in the reactor (8).
Claims (8)
1. The utility model provides a controllable solid heat carrier stove of solid circulation volume of anaerobic pyrolysis environment which characterized in that: comprises a furnace body (14), wherein the bottom of the furnace body (14) is provided with a slag discharge pipe (2) and an air distribution device (3); a heat carrier feeding device (17) is arranged on the rear wall of the furnace body (14), a feeding control valve (19) and a feeding inclined pipe (18) are arranged at the lower part of the heat carrier feeding device (17), and the feeding inclined pipe (18) is connected with the furnace body (14); the front wall at the top of the furnace body (14) is connected with the cyclone separator (13); the lower part of the cyclone separator (13) is sequentially connected with a buffer bin (11), a blanking controller (10), a solid flowmeter (9), a reactor (8), an intermediate bin (7), a material returning device (5) and a material returning pipe (4), and the material returning pipe (4) is connected with a furnace body (14) to form a circulating channel of a solid heat carrier circuit;
a secondary air oil gas burner (15) is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body (14), the primary air combustion chamber (1) is connected with the bottom burner (20), and an air supply device (16) is respectively connected with the secondary air oil gas burner (15) and the bottom burner (20); a flue gas outlet at the top of the cyclone separator (13) is connected with a waste heat recovery device (12) to form a gas phase channel;
the blanking controller (10) is arranged at the lower part of the buffer bin (11);
the intermediate bin (7) is a cavity with a conical structure at the lower part, wear-resistant and heat-insulating castable is laid in the cavity, and a solid level indicator (6) is arranged on the intermediate bin (7);
the material returning equipment (5) adopts a spiral structure.
2. The solid heat carrier furnace with the controllable solid circulation volume in the anaerobic pyrolysis environment is characterized in that: the furnace body (14) is of a rectangular section structure, adopts an internal heat insulation design and is a water-cooled wall hearth or a heat insulation castable hearth.
3. The solid heat carrier furnace with the controllable solid circulation volume in the anaerobic pyrolysis environment is characterized in that: a bottom burner (20) and a primary air combustion chamber (1) are arranged below a furnace body (14) bed, and a secondary air oil-gas burner (15) is arranged on the side wall of the furnace body (14); the air supply equipment (16) is a variable frequency fan.
4. The solid heat carrier furnace with the controllable solid circulation volume in the anaerobic pyrolysis environment is characterized in that: the air distribution device (3) comprises an air distribution plate, an air cap and a wear-resistant lining; the hood is of an integrally cast bell-type structure and is connected with the air distribution plate through a threaded structure, and the hood is detachable and easy to overhaul and replace; the slag discharge pipe is positioned in the center of the air distribution plate.
5. The solid heat carrier furnace with the controllable solid circulation volume in the anaerobic pyrolysis environment is characterized in that: the reactor (8) is a horizontal mechanical fluidization device with the functions of conveying, mixing, heating and high-temperature oxygen-free sealing, the inner wall of the reactor is made of wear-resistant refractory castable and light heat-insulating materials, and the outer wall of the reactor is made of carbon steel plates.
6. The solid heat carrier furnace with the controllable solid circulation volume in the anaerobic pyrolysis environment is characterized in that: a buffer bin (11) is arranged at the lower part of the cyclone separator (13); wherein, the cyclone separator (13) is a vertical gas-solid separator with a cylinder structure, adopts an internal heat insulation structure and is of a water wall type or a heat insulation castable type; the buffer bin (11) is of a conical structure, heat insulation and wear-resistant castable is laid on the inner wall of the buffer bin, and the solid level indicator (6) is arranged on the side wall of the buffer bin (11) in 4 layers.
7. The solid heat carrier furnace with the controllable solid circulation volume in the anaerobic pyrolysis environment is characterized in that: the material returning device (5) adopts a star-shaped distributor; the included angle between the material returning pipe (4) and the furnace body (14) is not more than 60 degrees, and the inner wall is laid with wear-resistant heat-insulating casting material.
8. The solid heat carrier furnace with the controllable solid circulation volume in the anaerobic pyrolysis environment is characterized in that: the included angle between the charging inclined tube (18) and the furnace body (14) is not more than 60 degrees.
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| CN202020112481.6U CN212128064U (en) | 2020-01-17 | 2020-01-17 | Solid heat carrier furnace with controllable solid circulation amount in anaerobic pyrolysis environment |
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