CN216528052U

CN216528052U - Reactor and mobile reactor system

Info

Publication number: CN216528052U
Application number: CN202122602109.0U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 杨江; 苏耿华; 梁振辉; 郭子豪; 石秀安; 邹尧磊; 王广; 孙国鹏; 王超正; 李贤�; 张颖
Original assignee: China General Nuclear Power Corp; China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd; CGN Power Co Ltd
Current assignee: China General Nuclear Power Corp; China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co Ltd; CGN Power Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-10-27
Filing date: 2021-10-27
Publication date: 2022-05-13
Anticipated expiration: 2031-10-27

Abstract

The utility model provides a reactor and a mobile reactor system, which comprise a shell, a reactor core cylinder arranged in the shell and a reactor core arranged in the reactor core cylinder, wherein the reactor comprises an axial damping elastic part and a radial damping elastic part, and the axial damping elastic part and the radial damping elastic part are connected with the shell and the reactor core cylinder so as to respectively buffer axial vibration and radial vibration of the reactor core cylinder. This reactor and portable reactor system is owing to set up axial shock attenuation elastic component and radial shock attenuation elastic component, so can cushion the axial and radial vibrations of reactor core, is convenient for remove the transportation, adapts to different road conditions.

Description

Reactor and mobile reactor system

Technical Field

The present invention relates to the field of nuclear power, and more particularly to a reactor and a mobile reactor system.

Background

A nuclear reactor is a device that initiates, controls, and maintains nuclear fission or nuclear fusion chain reactions. Conventional nuclear reactors typically employ control rods or control drums for reactivity control.

The core of a traditional reactor usually comprises fuel assemblies, is limited by the structure of the fuel assemblies, is difficult to move and transport, and adapts to different road conditions.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The present invention is directed to a reactor and a mobile reactor system, which address the above-mentioned shortcomings in the related art.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps: the utility model provides a reactor, include the casing, establish reactor core barrel in the casing with establish reactor core in the reactor core barrel, the reactor includes axial shock attenuation elastic component and radial shock attenuation elastic component, axial shock attenuation elastic component with radial shock attenuation elastic component is connected the casing with the reactor core barrel is in order to cushion respectively the axial vibrations and the radial vibrations of reactor core barrel.

Preferably, a circumferential air gap is formed between the housing and the core barrel, and the radial damping elastic member is disposed in the circumferential air gap and connects the inner wall of the housing and the outer wall of the core barrel.

Preferably, the inner wall of the shell is provided with an axial moving bayonet, the core barrel is provided with a bulge, and the bulge can be axially movably sunk in the axial moving bayonet so as to limit the axial movement of the core barrel through the matching of the bulge and the axial moving bayonet;

the axial damping elastic piece is arranged in the axial moving bayonet and is in contact with the axial moving bayonet and the protruding part.

Preferably, the core includes a plurality of tube assemblies, each of the tube assemblies includes a mounting body, at least one fuel rod and at least one heat pipe, the mounting body, the fuel rod and the heat pipe all use graphite as a base material, a plurality of receiving channels are arranged in the mounting body in parallel, and the inner diameter of each receiving channel is equivalent to the radial dimension of the fuel rod and the heat pipe, so that the fuel rod or the heat pipe is inserted into each receiving channel.

Preferably, the shell is internally provided with a shielding layer for shielding neutrons.

Preferably, the core includes a core matrix provided in the core barrel, the core matrix including a high-density graphite matrix and a low-density graphite matrix, the high-density graphite matrix housing the low-density graphite matrix, and the tube assemblies being loaded in the low-density graphite matrix.

Preferably, a plurality of tube assembly mounting passages are provided in the core, and the respective tube assemblies are replaceably provided in the tube assembly mounting passages.

Preferably, the core is arranged laterally and the load carrier is arranged laterally in the core.

Preferably, the heat pipe includes a heating section inserted into the accommodating passage and a cooling section exposed to the axial air chamber.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps: a mobile reactor system is provided, comprising a mobile vehicle and the reactor arranged on the mobile vehicle.

The technical scheme of the utility model at least has the following beneficial effects: this reactor and portable reactor system is owing to set up axial shock attenuation elastic component and radial shock attenuation elastic component, so can cushion the axial and radial vibrations of reactor core, is convenient for remove the transportation, adapts to different road conditions.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is an axial cross-sectional view of a reactor of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a radial cross-sectional view of the reactor of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a radial cross-sectional view of the tube assembly of the reactor of fig. 2.

The reference numerals in the figures denote: the core emergency cooling device comprises a shell 21, a core cylinder 22, a core 23, a pipe assembly 24, a loading body 241, fuel rods 242, a heat pipe 243, an axial air cavity 212, an axial damping elastic part 251, a radial damping elastic part 252, a circumferential air gap 211, an axial moving bayonet 213, a bulge 221, a core emergency cooling air outlet pipe 261, a core emergency cooling air inlet pipe 262, a shielding layer 214, a core substrate 233, a high-density graphite substrate 2331 and a low-density graphite substrate 2332.

Detailed Description

For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "longitudinal", "lateral", "inner", "outer", etc. are used herein to indicate an orientation or positional relationship configured and operative in a particular orientation based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, this is for convenience in describing the present invention and does not indicate that the device or component being referred to must have a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. It is also to be understood that, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," "disposed," and the like, if used herein, are intended to be inclusive, e.g., that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. When an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be "directly" or "indirectly" on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the utility model. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.

Referring to fig. 1 to 3, a reactor 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 21, a core barrel 22 provided in the housing 21, and a core 23 provided in the core barrel 22, and the reactor 2 includes an axial damper elastic member 251 and a radial damper elastic member 252, and the axial damper elastic member 251 and the radial damper elastic member 252 connect the housing 21 and the core barrel 22 to absorb axial vibration and radial vibration of the core barrel 22, respectively.

Between the core barrel 22 and the shell 21 of the reactor 2, there are provided an axial damping elastic member 251 and a radial damping elastic member 252, which are advantageous in that: the core components of the reactor core 23 are reduced, so that the reactor 2 can be carried in various bumpy and fluctuant land transportation environments by using carrying devices such as trucks and the like, can be moved to special areas without flat roads, is convenient to move and transport, and is suitable for different road conditions. The reactor 2 is particularly suitable for use in a mobile reactor system.

Preferably, a circumferential air gap 211 is formed between the housing 21 and the core barrel 22, and the radial damper elastic member 252 is disposed in the circumferential air gap 211 and connects an inner wall of the housing 21 and an outer wall of the core barrel 22 to absorb radial vibration of the core 23. The axial damper elastic member 251 is used to reduce the influence of an external impact on the axial direction of the core barrel 22, and the radial damper elastic member 252 is used to reduce the influence of an external impact on the radial direction of the core barrel 22, which is advantageous in that: impact on a core component carrier 241, a heat pipe 243 and fuel rods 242 of the reactor core 23 is reduced, so that the reactor 2 can be carried in various bumpy and bumpy land transportation environments by carrying equipment such as trucks and the like, and can be used for special areas without flat roads; secondly, the defect of poor toughness of the graphite matrix material of the reactor core 23 is overcome, so that the reactor core 23 can adopt graphite which is a material with very good thermal conductivity as the matrix.

Preferably, the inner wall of the housing 21 is provided with an axial moving bayonet 213, and the core barrel 22 is provided with a protrusion 221, and the protrusion 221 is axially movably recessed in the axial moving bayonet 213 to limit the axial movement of the core barrel 22 by the engagement of the protrusion 221 and the axial moving bayonet 213. The axial moving bayonet 213 is fixed to the housing 21, and is configured to limit an axial position of the core barrel 22 and provide a track for radial movement of the core barrel 22. The axial damper elastic member 251 is disposed in the axial moving bayonet 213, and contacts the axial moving bayonet 213 and the protrusion 221 to damp axial vibration of the core barrel 22.

The entire core barrel 22 is supported by the axial damper elastic member 251, the radial damper elastic member 252, and the axial movement bayonet 213, and can be slightly moved within the control range of the damper elastic member.

The core 23 includes a plurality of tube assemblies 24, each tube assembly 24 includes a mounting body 241, at least one fuel rod 242 and at least one heat pipe 243, the mounting body 241, the fuel rod 242 and the heat pipe 243 are made of graphite as a base material, a plurality of receiving channels are provided in the mounting body 241 in parallel, and the inner diameter of the receiving channels is equivalent to the radial dimension of the fuel rod 242 and the heat pipe 243, so that the fuel rod 242 or the heat pipe 243 is inserted into each receiving channel, thereby arranging the distribution of the fuel rod 242 and the heat pipe 243 in the mounting body 241.

The reactor core 23 of the reactor 2 employs the carrier 241, and the heat transfer path is: fuel rod 242 → loading body 241 → heat pipe 243. The graphite is used as the matrix, and the graphite matrix has the advantages that: the heat conductivity coefficient of graphite is very high, the heat of the fuel rods 242 can be effectively conducted to the heat pipe 243, the heat exchange capacity is strong, and the volume of a reactor can be reduced while the heat exchange capacity is met; secondly, the graphite is a good neutron moderating material and is also beneficial to reducing the volume of the reactor core 23;

the reactor core 23 is composed of a loading body 241, a plurality of fuel rods 242 and heat pipes 243, and is simple in structure and convenient for modular production;

the reactor 2 has no concept of the traditional fuel assembly, adopts the assembly of the fuel rods 242 and the heat pipes 243, and takes the same graphite as the loading body 241 as the base material;

in the loading body 241, the positions of the fuel rods 242 and the heat pipes 243 can be adjusted mutually, the number ratio of the fuel rods 242 and the heat pipes 243 can be adjusted, and rods for slowing down can be loaded;

each fuel rod 242 and heat pipe 243 is a single module, which is independent and can be replaced in the receiving channel, thereby arranging the distribution of the fuel rods 242 and the heat pipes 243 in the installation carrier 241 and adjusting the number ratio of the fuel rods 242 and the heat pipes 243.

Preferably, the housing 21 is made of stainless steel and serves as a structural member for containing and supporting. The inside of the case 21 is provided with a shield layer 214 for shielding neutrons. The core barrel 22 is made of high temperature resistant alloy to adapt to the high temperature environment of the core 23. As a sealing body of the core 23, preventing graphite powder and the like from overflowing; as a structural member, the entire core 23 is supported.

Preferably, the core 23 includes a core matrix 233 provided in the core barrel 22, the core matrix 233 includes a high-density graphite matrix 2331 and a low-density graphite matrix 2332, and the high-density graphite matrix 2331 and the low-density graphite matrix 2332 are used as the core matrix 233, where the high-density and the high-density are relatively higher in graphite density of the high-density graphite matrix 2331 than the low-density graphite matrix 2332. The high-density graphite matrix 2331 contains the low-density graphite matrix 2332 and is used for reducing the irradiation influence of the reactor core 23 on the reactor core cylinder 22, and the higher the density of the graphite, the higher the neutron moderation performance and the seed absorption performance; the tube assembly 24 is loaded in a low density graphite substrate 2332, the low density graphite substrate 2332 acts as a heat transfer medium between the fuel tubes and the heat pipe 243, and graphite has an ultra-high heat transfer coefficient.

Preferably, a plurality of tube assembly mounting passages are provided in the low-density graphite substrate 2332 of the core 23, and the respective tube assemblies 24 are alternately positioned in the tube assembly mounting passages.

Preferably, the core 23 is transversely disposed and the tube assembly mounting passages are transversely disposed to facilitate reducing the height of the core 23 for ease of transport.

Preferably, the loading body 241 is used for loading the heat pipe 243 and the fuel rod 242, the loading body 241 has a prismatic shape, which may be a hexagonal prism, and the plurality of loading bodies 241 are arranged in the same direction. The receiving channels are evenly distributed in the loading body 241.

Preferably, the reactor 2 includes a coolant pre-filled in the core barrel 22, and the coolant is selected from a medium with a high heat transfer coefficient, such as a liquid NaK alloy, a liquid Na metal, a liquid molten salt, and the like. The cooling medium fills the gap between the fuel rod 242 and the loading body 241 and fills the gap between the heat pipe 243 and the loading body 241 to reduce the thermal resistance of these circumferential air gaps 211 and increase the heat transfer efficiency. The cooling medium does not flow in the core barrel 22, and therefore has little corrosiveness to other components and materials.

The horizontal arrangement of the loading body 241 and the horizontal arrangement of the accommodating passage have the advantage of reducing the height in the vertical direction, facilitating the transportation of the reactor 2 by land and allowing the reactor to pass through road and railway tunnels. The inner diameter of each accommodating channel is consistent.

Preferably, the core barrel 22 is located at the middle of the housing 21 in the axial direction, and an axial air chamber 212 is maintained between the housing 21 and both axial ends of the core barrel 22. The advantage of providing axial air cavities 212 at both ends is that it allows more uniform cooling of the core 23 by the heat pipes 243 and more efficient removal of core 23 heat.

The fuel rods 242, otherwise known as fuel columns, are cylindrical in shape with a graphite matrix having an outer diameter that conforms to the contents of the receiving channels in the loading body 241. The density of the dispersed isotropic coated particles TRISO, also known as Tri-structural iso-tropic, in the fuel rod 242 may be optimally configured, and the fuel rod 242 made of graphite provides a support matrix for the TRISO.

Preferably, the heat pipe 243 includes a heating section inserted into the receiving channel of the mounting body 241 and a cooling section exposed to the axial air chamber 212, and the cooling section is cooled by the cooling gas. The heat pipe 243(heat pipe) is also called as a capillary heat pipe 243, is a heat transfer element for realizing heat transfer by means of phase change of working liquid in the heat pipe 243, and has the advantages of high heat conductivity, excellent isothermal property, long-distance transmission and the like. Heat pipes 243 are driven by passive capillary forces, do not require active equipment, and do not rely on gravity. The cooling material in the tube is preferably sodium metal or potassium metal. In addition, the heat pipe 243 has light weight and no moving parts, so that maintenance is basically not needed, and the environmental adaptability is good. The working principle of the heat pipe 243 is as follows: the heat pipe 243 is composed of a pipe shell and a wick, and is sealed by pumping the pipe to a negative pressure and filling a proper amount of working liquid into the pipe, so that a wick capillary porous material tightly attached to the inner wall of the pipe is filled with the liquid. One end of the tube is a heating section, namely an evaporation section, and the other end of the tube is a cooling section, namely a condensation section, and a heat insulation section can be arranged between the two sections according to application requirements. When one end of the heat pipe 243 is heated, the liquid in the capillary wick evaporates and vaporizes, the vapor flows to the other end under a slight pressure difference to release heat and condense into liquid, and the liquid flows back to the evaporation section along the porous material under the action of capillary force. This is done, and heat is transferred from one end of the heat pipe 243 to the other.

Preferably, the shell 21 is provided with a core emergency cooling air outlet pipe 261 and a core emergency cooling air inlet pipe 262 which are communicated with the outside of the shell 21 and the circumferential air gap 211 and used for passing cooling media, the core emergency cooling air outlet pipe 261 can be arranged above the shell, the core emergency cooling air inlet pipe 262 is arranged below the shell, the circumferential air gap 211 is used as an emergency cooling medium flow channel, the reactor 2 is in a normal operation condition, and the circumferential air gap 211 is filled with non-condensable gas to play a role in heat preservation; in case of an accident, the emergency waste heat is discharged from the core emergency cooling outlet pipe 261 to the outside of the casing 21.

The utility model provides a mobile reactor system of an embodiment, which comprises a mobile carrier and the reactor 2 arranged on the mobile carrier. The mobile vehicle may be a land-on-sea or air-borne vehicle, such as a truck, a boat or an airplane. The mobile reactor system adopts the reactor 2, so the mobile reactor system has good heat dispersion, small volume, good damping performance and convenient movement.

In summary, the tube assembly 24 of the reactor 2 according to the present invention includes a graphite-based carrier 241, and fuel rods 242 and heat pipes 243 loaded in the carrier 241, and the heat transfer paths are: the fuel rod 242 → the graphite substrate carrier 241 → the heat pipe 243 have a high heat exchange capability, and the reactor volume can be reduced while satisfying the heat exchange capability. The graphite is used as a matrix, has strong moderation effect on neutrons, is small moderation effect, enhances the moderation effect, and is also beneficial to reducing the volume of the reactor core 23;

the reactor core 23 comprises a plurality of tube assemblies 24, so that the structure is simple, and modular production is convenient; without the concept of a conventional fuel assembly, the tube assembly 24 including the fuel rods 242 and the heat pipes 243 is used and is made of the same material matrix as the core matrix 233;

the number ratio of the fuel rods 242 and the heat pipes 243 in the tube assembly 24 can be adjusted, and rods for moderation can be loaded;

each tube assembly 24 is a single module, independent and replaceable in position within the tube assembly installation passage;

between the core barrel 22 and the shell 21 of the reactor 2, the axial damping elastic member 251 and the radial damping elastic member 252 are used, which has the following advantages: firstly, core components of a reactor core 23 are reduced, so that the reactor 2 can be carried in various bumpy and fluctuant land transportation environments by using carrying devices such as trucks and the like, and can be used for going to special areas without flat roads; secondly, the defect of poor toughness of the graphite matrix of the reactor core 23 is overcome, so that the reactor core 23 can adopt graphite which is a material with very good thermal conductivity as the matrix. The reactor 2 is particularly suitable for use in a mobile reactor system due to the advantages described above.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, as it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A reactor (2) characterized by comprising a shell (21), a core barrel (22) arranged in the shell (21) and a core (23) arranged in the core barrel (22), wherein the reactor (2) comprises an axial damping elastic member (251) and a radial damping elastic member (252), and the axial damping elastic member (251) and the radial damping elastic member (252) connect the shell (21) and the core barrel (22) to respectively buffer the axial vibration and the radial vibration of the core barrel (22).

2. The reactor (2) of claim 1 wherein a circumferential air gap (211) is provided between the housing (21) and the core barrel (22), and wherein the radial damper elastic member (252) is disposed in the circumferential air gap (211) and connects the inner wall of the housing (21) and the outer wall of the core barrel (22).

3. The reactor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner wall of the shell (21) is provided with an axial moving bayonet (213), the core barrel (22) is provided with a projection (221), the projection (221) is axially movably trapped in the axial moving bayonet (213) to limit the axial movement of the core barrel (22) by the engagement of the projection (221) and the axial moving bayonet (213);

the axial damper elastic member (251) is provided in the axial moving bayonet (213) and contacts the axial moving bayonet (213) and the projection (221).

4. The reactor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that said core (23) comprises a plurality of tube assemblies (24), each of said tube assemblies (24) comprising a loading body (241), at least one fuel rod (242) and at least one heat pipe (243), said loading body (241), said fuel rod (242) and said heat pipe (243) being made of graphite as a base material, said loading body (241) being provided with a plurality of mutually parallel receiving channels having an inner diameter corresponding to the radial dimensions of said fuel rod (242) and said heat pipe (243) for inserting said fuel rod (242) or said heat pipe (243) in each of said receiving channels.

5. The reactor (2) according to claim 4, characterized in that inside the shell (21) there is a shielding layer (214) for shielding neutrons.

6. The reactor (2) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the core (23) comprises a core matrix (233) disposed in the core barrel (22), the core matrix (233) comprising a high density graphite matrix (2331) and a low density graphite matrix (2332), the high density graphite matrix (2331) housing the low density graphite matrix (2332) and the tube assemblies (24) loaded in the low density graphite matrix (2332).

7. The reactor (2) of claim 6 wherein a plurality of tube assembly mounting channels are provided in the core (23) and wherein each of the tube assemblies (24) is interchangeably provided in the tube assembly mounting channels.

8. The reactor (2) of claim 7 wherein the core (23) is laterally disposed, the load body (241) being laterally disposed in the core (23).

9. The reactor (2) according to claim 8, wherein the heat pipe (243) comprises a heating section inserted into the receiving channel and a cooling section exposed to the axial air cavity (212).

10. A mobile reactor system, characterized by comprising a mobile vehicle and a reactor (2) according to any one of claims 1-9 provided on the mobile vehicle.