CN216487336U - Reactor and mobile reactor system - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a reactor, which comprises a shell, a reactor core barrel arranged in the shell and a reactor core arranged in the reactor core barrel, wherein the axis of the reactor core is transversely arranged, and a circumferential air gap is formed between the reactor core barrel and the shell; axial air cavities are reserved at the two axial ends of the reactor core barrel and the shell; the reactor further comprises a reactor core emergency cooling system and an instrument control system, wherein the reactor core emergency cooling system comprises a reactor core emergency cooling air inlet pipe and a reactor core emergency cooling air outlet pipe. The reactor adopts a complete passive emergency reactor core cooling system as an emergency waste heat discharge system, does not need any water source, and can adopt an air cooling tower with high heat exchange capacity to remove decay heat. The reactor core emergency cooling system makes full use of the heat exchange surface of the reactor, and is favorable for reducing the volume of the reactor. In addition, a reactor emergency cooling system is also adopted.

Description

Reactor and mobile reactor system

Technical Field

The utility model relates to the technical field of nuclear energy, in particular to a reactor and a mobile reactor system.

Background

A nuclear reactor is a device that initiates, controls, and maintains nuclear fission or nuclear fusion chain reactions. Conventional nuclear reactors typically employ control rods or control drums for reactivity control.

The traditional reactor usually adopts a water cooling mode, and the problem of no cooling water is faced when the reactor is transferred to a water-free environment; and the water cooling system has large volume and is difficult to simplify, and the volume of the reactor is difficult to reduce and move and transport.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The present invention is directed to solving the above-mentioned problems of the related art, and providing a reactor and a mobile reactor system that do not require cooling water.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps: providing a reactor comprising a shell, a core barrel disposed in the shell, a core disposed in the core barrel, the core axis disposed transversely, a circumferential air gap between the core barrel and the shell; axial air cavities are reserved at the two axial ends of the reactor core barrel and the shell;

the reactor still includes emergent cooling system of reactor core and appearance accuse system, the emergent cooling system of reactor core includes that the emergent cooling of reactor core goes into tuber pipe, the emergent cooling of reactor core goes out the tuber pipe and establishes respectively the emergent valve of reactor core on the emergent cooling play tuber pipe of reactor core goes into the tuber pipe with the emergent cooling play tuber pipe of reactor core with circumference air gap intercommunication, the appearance accuse system with the emergent valve of reactor core is connected, in order to control the emergent cooling of reactor core goes into the tuber pipe and/or the emergent switching that cools off the tuber pipe of reactor core.

Preferably, the core is disposed laterally.

Preferably, the core comprises laterally arranged fuel rods.

Preferably, the core includes transversely disposed heat pipes including a heating section inserted into the receiving channel and a cooling section exposed outside the core barrel.

Preferably, the reactor core emergency cooling air inlet pipe and the reactor core emergency cooling air outlet pipe are respectively communicated with the circumferential air gaps on the lower side and the upper side of the reactor core barrel.

Preferably, the reactor comprises a battery, and the core emergency valve is an electric valve and is powered by the battery.

Preferably, the axial air cavity is communicated with the circumferential air gap; the reactor core comprises a loading body and a heat pipe arranged in the loading body, wherein the heat pipe comprises a heating section inserted into the loading body and a cooling section exposed out of the axial air cavity;

the reactor still includes the emergent cooling system of reactor, the emergent cooling system of reactor includes that the emergent cooling of reactor goes into tuber pipe, the emergent cooling of reactor goes out the tuber pipe and establishes respectively the emergent cooling of reactor goes into the tuber pipe with the emergent cooling of reactor goes out the emergent valve of reactor on the tuber pipe, the emergent cooling of reactor goes into the tuber pipe with the emergent cooling of reactor goes out the tuber pipe with axial air cavity intercommunication, the instrument control system with the emergent valve of reactor is connected, in order to control the emergent cooling of reactor goes into the tuber pipe and/or the emergent cooling of reactor goes out the switching of tuber pipe.

Preferably, the reactor emergency cooling air inlet pipe and the reactor emergency cooling air outlet pipe are respectively communicated with the upper part and the lower part of the axial air cavity.

Preferably, the reactor comprises a battery, and the reactor emergency valve is an electric valve and is powered by the battery.

The technical scheme adopted by the utility model for solving the technical problem comprises the following steps: a mobile reactor system is provided, comprising a mobile vehicle and the reactor arranged on the mobile vehicle.

The technical scheme of the utility model at least has the following beneficial effects: the reactor adopts a completely passive emergency reactor core cooling system as an emergency waste heat discharge system, and can be matched with an air cooling tower with high heat exchange capacity to remove decay heat without any water source; the reactor core emergency cooling system makes full use of the heat exchange surface of the reactor, and is favorable for reducing the volume of the reactor.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without inventive exercise.

Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the internal structure of a reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The reference numerals in the figures denote: the reactor comprises a shell 21, a reactor core barrel 22, a reactor core 23, a circumferential air gap 211, an axial air cavity 212, a loading body 241, a fuel rod 242, a heat pipe 243, a reactor core emergency cooling air inlet pipe 262, a reactor core emergency cooling air outlet pipe 261, a reactor core emergency valve 263, a reactor emergency cooling air inlet pipe 271, a reactor emergency cooling air outlet pipe 272 and a reactor emergency valve 273.

Detailed Description

For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "longitudinal", "lateral", "inner", "outer", etc. are used herein to indicate an orientation or positional relationship configured and operative in a particular orientation based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, this is for convenience in describing the present invention and does not indicate that the device or component being referred to must have a particular orientation, and therefore, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. It is also to be understood that, unless otherwise expressly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," "disposed," and the like, if used herein, are intended to be inclusive, e.g., that they may be fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; either directly or indirectly through intervening media, either internally or in any other relationship. When an element is referred to as being "on" or "under" another element, it can be "directly" or "indirectly" on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.

In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular system structures, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the utility model. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions of well-known systems, devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the present invention with unnecessary detail.

Referring to fig. 1, a reactor 2 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a housing 21, a core barrel 22 disposed in the housing 21, and a core 23 disposed in the core barrel 22, wherein the core 23 is axially disposed, and a circumferential air gap 211 is formed between the core barrel 22 and the housing 21; the reactor core cylinder 22 is arranged at the axial middle section of the shell 21, so that axial air cavities 212 are reserved at two axial ends of the reactor core cylinder 22 and the shell 21;

reactor 2 still includes emergent cooling system of reactor core and appearance accuse system, emergent cooling system of reactor core includes the emergent cooling tuber pipe 262 of reactor core, emergent cooling tuber pipe 261 of reactor core and establish two at least emergent valves 263 of reactor core on emergent cooling tuber pipe 262 of reactor core and the emergent cooling tuber pipe 261 of reactor core respectively, emergent cooling tuber pipe 262 of reactor core and the emergent cooling tuber pipe 261 of reactor core communicate with circumference air gap 211, the appearance accuse system is connected with emergent valve 263 of reactor core, go into the switching of tuber pipe 262 and/or the emergent cooling tuber pipe 261 of reactor core in the emergent cooling of control reactor core.

When an accident occurs to the reactor 2, the normal heat discharge system of the reactor 2 is unavailable, that is, the cooling channels from the normal operation air inlet and the normal operation air outlet are damaged. The instrument control system drives the reactor core 23 emergency cooling air inlet and the reactor core emergency cooling air outlet pipe 261 to open the reactor core emergency valve 263. Air enters the air gap of the reactor 2 through the reactor core emergency cooling air inlet pipe 262, absorbs the residual heat of the reactor 2, and is exhausted through the reactor core emergency cooling air outlet pipe 261 after the temperature is raised.

The reactor adopts a completely passive emergency reactor core cooling system as an emergency waste heat discharge system, and does not need any water source; the reactor core emergency cooling system makes full use of the heat exchange surface of the reactor, and is favorable for reducing the volume of the reactor.

The core emergency cooling inlet pipe 262 of the core emergency cooling system can be connected with an air cooling tower with high heat exchange capacity through a connecting pipe to remove decay heat.

Preferably, the core 23 is disposed laterally. The core 23 includes fuel rods 242 arranged laterally to facilitate reducing the height of the core 23 for ease of transport. The fuel rods 242, otherwise known as fuel columns, are cylindrical in shape with a graphite matrix having an outer diameter that conforms to the contents of the receiving channels in the loading body 241. The fuel rod 242 is formed by dispersing isotropic coated particles, namely Tri-structural-lithium-tropic, in the fuel rod 242, the density of the dispersed particles can be optimally configured, and the fuel rod 242 made of graphite provides a substrate for supporting the TRISO.

Preferably, the core 23 includes heat pipes 243 arranged in a lateral direction, and the heat pipes 243 include a heating section inserted into the receiving channel of the carrier 241 and a cooling section exposed outside the core barrel 22, and the cooling section is cooled by the cooling gas. The heat pipe 243(heat pipe) is also called as a capillary heat pipe 243, is a heat transfer element for realizing heat transfer by means of phase change of working liquid in the heat pipe 243, and has the advantages of high heat conductivity, excellent isothermal property, long-distance transmission and the like. Heat pipes 243 are driven by passive capillary forces, do not require active equipment, and do not rely on gravity. The cooling material in the tube is preferably sodium metal or potassium metal. In addition, the heat pipe 243 has light weight and no moving parts, so that maintenance is basically not needed, and the environmental adaptability is good. The working principle of the heat pipe 243 is as follows: the heat pipe 243 is composed of a pipe shell and a wick, and is sealed by pumping the pipe to a negative pressure and filling a proper amount of working liquid into the pipe, so that a wick capillary porous material tightly attached to the inner wall of the pipe is filled with the liquid. One end of the tube is a heating section, namely an evaporation section, and the other end of the tube is a cooling section, namely a condensation section, and a heat insulation section can be arranged between the two sections according to application requirements. When one end of the heat pipe 243 is heated, the liquid in the capillary wick evaporates and vaporizes, the vapor flows to the other end under a slight pressure difference to release heat and condense into liquid, and the liquid flows back to the evaporation section along the porous material under the action of capillary force. This cycle transfers heat from one end of the heat pipe 243 to the other.

Preferably, the core emergency cooling inlet pipe 262 and the core emergency cooling outlet pipe 261 are respectively communicated with the circumferential air gap 211 at the lower side and the upper side of the core barrel 22, and since the density is reduced due to the temperature increase after the gas is heated, natural flow from bottom to top is formed, the external air enters the circumferential air gap 211 through the core emergency cooling inlet pipe 262 and is discharged out of the shell 21 through the core emergency cooling outlet pipe 261.

Preferably, the reactor 2 includes a battery, and the core emergency valve 263 is an electrically operated valve and is powered by the battery. After the reactor core emergency valve 263 is opened, the circumferential air gap 211 is communicated with the external environment through the reactor core emergency cooling air inlet pipe 262 and the reactor core emergency cooling air outlet pipe 261. When the residual heat of the core 23 needs to be discharged, the core emergency valve 263 is opened.

The axial air cavity 212 is communicated with the circumferential air gap 211; the core 23 includes a loading body 241 and a heat pipe 243 provided in the loading body 241, the heat pipe 243 including a heating section inserted into the loading body 241 and a cooling section exposed in the axial air chamber 212;

the reactor 2 further comprises a reactor emergency cooling system, the reactor emergency cooling system comprises a reactor emergency cooling air inlet pipe 271, a reactor emergency cooling air outlet pipe 272 and at least two reactor emergency valves 273 respectively arranged on the reactor emergency cooling air inlet pipe 271 and the reactor emergency cooling air outlet pipe 272, the reactor emergency cooling air inlet pipe 271 and the reactor emergency cooling air outlet pipe 272 are communicated with the axial air cavity 212, and an instrument control system is connected with the reactor emergency valves 273 to control the opening and closing of the reactor emergency cooling air inlet pipe 271 and/or the reactor emergency cooling air outlet pipe 272.

When an accident occurs to the reactor 2, the normal heat discharge system of the reactor 2 is unavailable, that is, the cooling channels from the normal operation air inlet and the normal operation air outlet are damaged. The instrument control system drives the reactor emergency cooling air inlet pipe 271 and the reactor emergency cooling air outlet pipe 272 to open the reactor emergency valve 273. Air enters the axial air cavity 212 where the heat pipe 243 is located from the reactor emergency cooling air inlet pipe 271, absorbs heat of the heat pipe 243, and is discharged through the reactor emergency cooling air outlet pipe 272 after the temperature is raised.

Preferably, the reactor emergency cooling inlet pipe 271 and the reactor emergency cooling outlet pipe 272 are respectively communicated with the upper part and the lower part of the axial air cavity 212, the density is reduced due to the temperature increase of the heated gas, so that the natural flow from bottom to top can be formed, and the external air enters the circumferential air gap 211 through the reactor emergency cooling inlet pipe 271 and is discharged out of the shell 21 through the reactor emergency cooling outlet pipe 272.

Preferably, the reactor 2 includes a battery, and the reactor emergency valve 273 is an electrically operated valve and is powered by the battery. After the reactor emergency valve 273 is opened, the axial air cavity 212 is communicated with the external environment through the reactor emergency cooling air inlet pipe 271 and the reactor emergency cooling air outlet pipe 272. When the residual heat of the reactor 2 needs to be discharged, the emergency valve 273 of the reactor is opened. The mobile reactor system adopts the reactor 2, so that the reactor core emergency cooling system is used as an emergency waste heat discharge system, no water source is needed, and an air cooling tower with high heat exchange capacity can be adopted to remove decay heat; the emergency reactor core cooling system is favorable for reducing the volume of the reactor.

The utility model provides a mobile reactor system of an embodiment, which comprises a mobile carrier and the reactor 2 arranged on the mobile carrier. The mobile vehicle may be a land-on-sea or air-borne vehicle, such as a truck, a boat or an airplane. The movable reactor system adopts the reactor 2, so that a completely passive emergency reactor core cooling system is adopted as an emergency waste heat discharging system, any water source is not needed, and an air cooling tower with high heat exchange capacity can be adopted to remove decay heat; the emergency reactor core cooling system is favorable for reducing the volume of the reactor.

The reactor 2 and the mobile reactor system are capable of: under accident conditions, a complete passive emergency reactor core cooling system and a complete passive emergency reactor core cooling system are used as an emergency waste heat discharging system, and an air cooling tower with high heat exchange capacity can be matched to remove decay heat without any water source.

And secondly, two cooling channels of a reactor core emergency cooling system and a reactor emergency cooling system are simultaneously arranged, and the two cooling channels are simultaneously cooled under the accident condition, so that the reactor cooling power can be increased, and the redundancy backup is enhanced.

And thirdly, only the reactor core emergency valve 263 and the reactor emergency valve 273 need to be opened by a storage battery power supply, and the reactor core emergency cooling system and the reactor emergency cooling system do not need driving force.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the present invention, as it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, combinations and variations can be made in the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A reactor (2) comprising a housing (21), a core barrel (22) disposed in the housing (21), a core (23) disposed in the core barrel (22), the core (23) being axially disposed, a circumferential air gap (211) being provided between the core barrel (22) and the housing (21); axial air cavities (212) are reserved at the two axial ends of the reactor core barrel (22) and the shell (21);

reactor (2) still include emergent cooling system of reactor core and appearance accuse system, emergent cooling system of reactor core includes that the emergent cooling of reactor core goes into tuber pipe (262), the emergent cooling of reactor core goes out tuber pipe (261) and establishes respectively emergent cooling of reactor core goes into tuber pipe (262) with emergent cooling of reactor core goes out emergent valve (263) of reactor core on the tuber pipe (261), the emergent cooling of reactor core goes into tuber pipe (262) with emergent cooling of reactor core goes out tuber pipe (261) with circumference air gap (211) intercommunication, appearance accuse system with emergent valve (263) of reactor core are connected, in order to control emergent cooling of reactor core goes into tuber pipe (262) and/or the emergent switching that cools out tuber pipe (261) of reactor core.

2. The reactor (2) of claim 1, wherein the core (23) is laterally disposed.

3. The reactor (2) of claim 1, wherein the core (23) comprises laterally disposed fuel rods (242).

4. The reactor (2) of claim 1 wherein the core (23) comprises laterally disposed heat pipes (243), the heat pipes (243) comprising a heating section inserted into a containment channel and a cooling section exposed outside the core barrel (22).

5. The reactor (2) of claim 1 wherein the core emergency cooling inlet duct (262) and the core emergency cooling outlet duct (261) communicate with the circumferential air gap (211) on the lower side and the upper side of the core barrel (22), respectively.

6. The reactor (2) of claim 1, wherein the reactor (2) includes a battery, and the core emergency valve (263) is an electrically operated valve and is powered by the battery.

7. Reactor (2) according to claim 1, characterized in that said axial air chamber (212) communicates with said circumferential air gap (211); the core (23) comprises a loading body (241) and a heat pipe (243) arranged in the loading body (241), wherein the heat pipe (243) comprises a heating section inserted into the loading body (241) and a cooling section exposed out of the axial air cavity (212);

reactor (2) still include the emergent cooling system of reactor, the emergent cooling system of reactor includes that the emergent cooling of reactor goes into tuber pipe (271), the emergent cooling of reactor goes out tuber pipe (272) and establishes respectively emergent cooling tuber pipe (271) of reactor goes out the emergent valve (273) of reactor on tuber pipe (272), the emergent cooling of reactor goes into tuber pipe (271) with the emergent cooling play tuber pipe (272) of reactor with axial air cavity (212) intercommunication, the instrument control system with emergent valve (273) of reactor are connected, in order to control the emergent cooling of reactor goes into tuber pipe (271) and/or the emergent cooling of reactor goes out the switching of tuber pipe (272).

8. The reactor (2) according to claim 7, wherein the reactor emergency cooling inlet duct (271) and the reactor emergency cooling outlet duct (272) communicate with the upper and lower portions of the axial air cavity (212), respectively.

9. The reactor (2) according to claim 7, characterized in that the reactor (2) comprises a battery, the reactor emergency valve (273) being an electrically operated valve and being powered by the battery.

10. A mobile reactor system, characterized by comprising a mobile vehicle and a reactor (2) according to any one of claims 1-9 provided on the mobile vehicle.

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